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The Adaptation Gap Report 2018. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi, Kenya THE ADAPTATION HEALTH GAREPORT P Published by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), December 2018 Copyright © United Nations Environment Programme 2018 Publication: Adaptation Gap Report 2018 ISBN: 978-92-807-3728-8 Job Number: DEPI/2212/NA DISCLAIMER The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UN Environment, or contributing organizations. The designations employed and the presentations of material in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UN Environment or contributory organizations, or publishers concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries or the designation of its name, frontiers or boundaries. The mention of a commercial entity or product in this publication does not imply endorsement by UN Environment. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Environment Programme. We regret any errors or omissions that may have been unwittingly made. REPRODUCTION This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for educational and non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided that acknowledgment of the source is made. UN Environment Programme will appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this material as a source. No use of this publication can be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without the prior permission in writing of UN Environment Programme. Application for such permission with a statement of purpose should be addressed to the Communications Division, UN Environment Programme, P.O. Box 30552 – 00100 Nairobi, Kenya. © Images and illustrations as specified Cover photos: Left: © Matthew J Thomas (Shutterstock), Centre: © Albert González Farran (UNAMID), Right: © AJP (Shutterstock) CITATION This document may be cited as: UNEP 2018. The Adaptation Gap Report 2018. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi, Kenya A digital copy of this report is available at: https://www.unenvironment.org/resources/adaptation-gap-report FUNDING WAS PROVIDED BY International Development Research Centre Centre de recherches pour le développement international IN-KIND SUPPORT WAS PROVIDED BY Australian National University and Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Health Canada and the University of Waterloo, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, International Centre for Climate Change & Development, London School of Economics and Political Science, Overseas Development Institute, Paul Watkiss Associates, Public Health England and UNU-International Institute for Global Health, Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Swiss TPH, University of Nottingham, University of Washington. UNEP promotes environmentally sound practices globally and in its own activities. This report is printed on paper from sustainable forests including recycled fibre. The paper is chlorine free, and the inks vegetable-based. Our distribution policy aims to reduce UNEP’s carbon footprint THE ADAPTATION HEALTH GAREPORT P ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The UN Environment would like to thank the steering CHAPTER 5. THE ADAPTATION HEALTH GAP: A GLOBAL committee members, the lead and contributing authors OVERVIEW and the project coordination team for their contribution to Lead authors: Gerardo Sanchez Martinez (UNEP DTU the development of this report. The following individuals Partnership), Peter Berry (Health Canada and the University of have provided input to the report. Authors and reviewers Waterloo) contributed to this report in their individual capacity and their affiliations are only mentioned for identification purposes. Contributing authors: John Balbus (United States National Institutes of Health), Tiffany Hodgson (Secretariat of the PROJECT STEERING COMMITTEE United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), Barbara Buchner (Climate Policy Initiative), Barney Dickson (UN Miguel Antonio Salazar (University of Heidelberg), Sam Environment), Kristie Ebi (University of Washington), Qiyong Sellers (University of Washington), Jeremy Hess (University of Liu (Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Anil Washington) Markandya (Basque Centre for Climate Change), Michael Mullan (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and CHAPTER 6. HEAT AND EXTREME EVENTS Development), Youssef Nassef (Secretariat of the United Lead authors: Virginia Murray (Public Helath England, UNU- Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), Edith International Institute for Global Health), Cristina Linares Gil Ofwona (International Development Research Centre). (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain), Jeremy Hess (University of Washington) CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION Lead Authors: Kelly Dorkenoo (UNEP DTU Partnership), Contributing authors: Rohaida Ismail (Ministry of Health, Henry Neufeldt (UNEP DTU Partnership), Anne Olhoff (UNEP Malaysia), Czarina Chi Hung Leung (The Chinese University of DTU Partnership) Hong Kong), Wei Ma (Shandong University), Lucas Scherdel (Consultant, World Health Organization), Thomas D. Waite CHAPTER 2. STATUS AND TRENDS: ENABLING (Public Health England) ADAPTATION Lead authors: Annett Moehner (Secretariat of the United CHAPTER 7. CLIMATE-SENSITIVE INFECTIOUS DISEASES Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), Michal Lead authors: Guéladio Cissé (SWISS TPH), Júlia Alves Nachmany (Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change Menezes (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz), Ulisses Confalonieri and the Environment, London School of Economics and (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz) Political Science) CHAPTER 8. FOOD AND NUTRITIONAL SECURITY CHAPTER 3. STATUS AND TRENDS: ENHANCING Lead authors: Revati Phalkey (University of Nottingham), ADAPTIVE CAPACITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE Kathryn Bowen (Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies/ Lead authors: Ian Noble (Australian National University), Australian National University), Henry Neufeldt (UNEP-DTU Feisal Rahman (Independent University, Bangladesh and the Partnership) International Centre for Climate Change & Development), Saleemul Huq (International Centre for Climate Change & Development), Henry Neufeldt (UNEP DTU Partnership) CHAPTER 4. STATUS AND TRENDS: THE ADAPTATION FINANCE GAP Lead authors: Paul Watkiss (Paul Watkiss Associates), Charlene Watson (Overseas Development Institute) Contributing author: Andries Hof (PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency) The Adaptation Gap Report 2018 – Health iii REVIEWERS EDITORS Lea Berrang-Ford (Leeds University), Robbert Biesbroek Henry Neufeldt (UNEP DTU Partnership), Gerardo Sanchez (Wagening University & Research), Kelly De Bruin (The Martinez (UNEP DTU Partnership), Anne Olhoff (UNEP DTU Economic and Social Research Institute), Barbara Buchner Partnership), Christian Knudsen (UNEP DTU Partnership), Kelly (Climate Policy Initiative), Ian Burton (University of Toronto), Dorkenoo (UNEP DTU Partnership) Jennifer Crowe (National University of Costa Rica), Lisa Danielson (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and PROJECT COORDINATION Development), Barney Dickson (UN Environment), Kristie Henry Neufeldt (UNEP DTU Partnership), Anne Olhoff (UNEP Ebi (University of Washington), Sam Fankhauser (London DTU Partnership), Gerardo Sanchez Martinez (UNEP DTU School of Economics and Political Science), Amit Garg Partnership), Christian Knudsen (UNEP DTU Partnership), (Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad), Andy Haines Kelly Dorkenoo (UNEP DTU Partnership), Barney Dickson (UN (London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine), Nicolina Environment), Elina Väänänen (UN Environment) Lamhauge (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), Qiyong Liu (Chinese Center for Disease MEDIA SUPPORT Control and Prevention), Diana Liverman (University of Mette Annelie Rasmussen (UNEP DTU Partnership), Surabhi Arizona), Anil Markandya (Basque Centre for Climate Change), Goswami (UNEP DTU Partnership) Federico Mazza (Climate Policy Initiative), Michael Mullan (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), DESIGN, LAYOUT AND PRINT Youssef Nassef (Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Phoenix Design Aid Convention on Climate Change), Christine Negra (Versant Vision), Edith Ofwona (International Development Research GRAPHICS Centre), Shlomit Paz (University of Haifa), Åsa Persson Weeks.de, Munich (Stockholm Environment Institute), Rainer Sauerborn (Heidelberg University), Elina Väänänen (UN Environment), THANKS ALSO TO Elena Villalobos (World Health Organization), Alistar Daniel Puig (UNEP-DTU Partnership), Lucy Ellen Gregersen Woodward (Auckland University) (UNEP-DTU Partnership), Olivier Bois von Kursk (UNEP DTU partnership), Lars Christiansen (UNEP DTU Partnership) iv Acknowledgements CONTENTS Glossary .......................................................................................................................................................................................... vii Acronyms ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ix Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................ xi Executive summary .....................................................................................................................................................................
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