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Matricaria Chamomilla L

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Matricaria Chamomilla L Matricaria chamomilla L. Scientific name: Matricaria chamomilla L. Synonyms: Matricaria recutita, Chamomilla recutita Family: Compositae/Asteraceae Genus: Matricaria Species: chamomilla Common name: Babuna, Persian Chamomile Parts used: Flower, oil, root Plant Description: Matricaria chamomilla is an annual plant.Its thin spindle-shaped roots penetrate flatly into the soil. The stem is erect, branched and has a height of 10–80 cm. The leaves are bi to tri-pinnate, long and narrow. The flower heads are 10 to 30 mm in diameter, pedunculate, and heterogamous. The tubular florets are golden yellow in color and 1.5 to 2.5 mm long. The 11 to 27 white plant flowers are 6 to 11 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, and arranged concentrically. The receptacle is 6 to 8 mm wide, flat in the beginning and later hollow, conical or cone-shaped. The fruit is the form of yellowish-brown achene. Chemical Constituents: Essential oils (farnesene, bisabolol, chamazulene), sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, coumarins, and polyacetylenes are considered the most important constituents of the chamomile drug. The coumarins are represented in M. chamomilla by herniarin, umbelliferone, and other minor ones. (Z)- and (E)-2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid (GMCA), the glucoside precursor of herniarin, were described as native compounds in chamomile. Eleven bioactive phenolic compounds, such as herniarin and umbelliferone (coumarin), chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid (phenylpropanoids), apigenin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin and luteolin-7- O-glucoside (flavones), quercetin and rutin (flavonols), and naringenin (flavanone) are found in chamomile extract. Plants contain essential oil, chamasulene, apigenin, alpha heteroside, salicylic acid and non-crystalline beta-heteroside. It contains azulene, glucoside, and a resin. Chemical constituents also include some organic (Alkaloid, carbohydrate, phenols, and proteins) and inorganic materials (Aluminum, iron, potassium, sodium and zinc). It also containsplants acids (valerianic), glycosides, polysaccharides, salicylate, tryptophan, amino acids. Structures of isolated chemical constituents of M. chamomilla 337 Action of herb: Carminative, stimulant, attenuate, discutient, disinfectant, antiseptic, sedative, antiphlogistic (anti-inflammatory), resolvent, antispasmodic, carminative, diuretic, stimulant, nervine and emmenagogue Medicinal Uses: Flowers are used in constitutional debility, in hysteria, dyspepsia, and intermittent fever. Oil is externally used in rheumatism and is said to be effective in flatulence and colic. Camomile tea applied to the genitals has a powerful Stimulating effect. Camomile oil is used externally in rheumatism. Camomile used principally as a nervine: irritability, hypersensitiveness, e.g., in neuralgias, rheumatism, toothache, during teething, in false labors pains, dysmenorrhea, metrorrhagia, cramp in the leg, icterus, flatulent colic. It is also prescribed in powder form in itching, moist eczemata, impetigo capitis, open wounds, fistulas. Chamomile flowers help to soothe indigestion, nervousness, depression and headaches. Chamomile reduces gastric acid and actually helps to prevent ulcers. It also promoted tissue regeneration after patients had operations on their intestinal, urinary and genital systems. Chamomile decreases histamine, implicated in ulcers and the skin swelling, puffy eyes and headaches brought on by allergies. It is given to children for digestive and hyperactive problems, to discourage nightmares and to prevent the convulsions that sometimes accompany children’s high fevers. It binds and inactivates bacteria, fungus and toxins, including staph and candida, even in low quantities. Historically, chamomile poultice have been placed on cancers, and its sesquiterpene lactones do show immune system-stimulating and antitumor activity. Compound Preparations: Roghan-e-babunah, Dawa-i-Aabzan, Zimad Sumbul at Teeb, Marham Zardi-i-Baiza-i-Murgh, Ma’jun falasifa, Ma’jun Murawwehul-Arwah, Ma’jun Fitinji.awarish Baboonah, Zimade-e-Muhallil. Dried flower-heads of M. chamomilla liquid extract (1:1 in 45% alcohol) , tinctures and other galenicals.Infusion - 2 tsp/cup three to four times daily. Tincture - 1-4mL (1:5, 40%) three times daily or 7-14mL (1:5, 50%) three times daily. Oil - 2-3 drops of essential oil in hot water basin for steam inhalation. Eyewash - 5-10 drops in warm water. To encourage a baby to sleep - 1-2 cups strained infusion in bath water. Dosage: 1 to 5g. Chamomile has been used as a tea for various conditions and as a topical cream. Typical oral doses are 9 to 15 g/day. Gargles made from 8 g chamomile flowers in 1,000mL of water have been used in clinical trials. By mouth: For upset stomach: A specific combination product containing German chamomile (Iberogast, Medical Futures, Inc) and several other herbs has been used in a dose of 1mL three times daily. For damage to the inside of the mouth caused by chemotherapy or radiation treatments: A mouth rinse made with 10-15 drops of German chamomile liquid extract in 100mL warm water three times daily. For colic: A specific multi-ingredient product containing 164 mg of fennel, 97 mg of lemon balm, and 178 mg of German chamomile (ColiMil, Milte Italia SPA) twice daily for a week. Applied to the skin: For skin breakdown around colostomy appliances, German chamomile solution has been applied on compresses for 1 hour, twice daily. The solution was prepared by steeping 6 grams of dried German chamomile flower heads in 150mL boiled water for 10 minutes. Adverse Reactions: Use of the tea and essential oil has resulted in anaphylaxis, contact dermatitis, and other severe hypersensitivity reactions. Cross-reactivity to asters, chrysanthemums, ragweed, and other members of the Asteraceae family exists. 338 Contraindications: The use of chamomile-containing preparations is contraindicated in persons with hypersensitivity to ragweed pollens. Avoid during pregnancy and lactation, hormone-sensitive condition such as breast cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, endometriosis, or uterine fibroids. Interactions: Birth control pills (Contraceptive drugs) interacts with German Chamomile Some birth control pills contain estrogen. German chamomile might have some of the same effects as estrogen. But German chamomile isn't as strong as the estrogen in birth control pills. Taking German chamomile along with birth control pills might decrease the effectiveness of birth control pills. If you take birth control pills along with German chamomile, use an additional form of birth control such as a condom. Some birth control pills include ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel (Triphasil), ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone (Ortho-Novum 1/35, Ortho-Novum 7/7/7), and others. Estrogens interacts with German Chamomile Large amounts of German chamomile might have some of the same effects as estrogen. But large amounts of German chamomile aren't as strong as estrogen pills. Taking German chamomile along with estrogen pills might decrease the effects of estrogen pills. Some estrogen pills include conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin), ethinyl estradiol, estradiol, and others. Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrates) interacts with German Chamomile Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. German chamomile might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. Taking German chamomile along with some medications that are broken down by the liver can increase the effects and side effects of some medications. Before taking German chamomile, talk to your healthcare provider if you are taking any medications that are changed by the liver. Some medications changed by the liver include lovastatin (Mevacor), ketoconazole (Nizoral), itraconazole (Sporanox), fexofenadine (Allegra), triazolam (Halcion), and many others. Sedative medications (Benzodiazepines) interacts with German Chamomile German chamomile might cause sleepiness and drowsiness. Drugs that cause sleepiness and drowsiness are called sedatives. Taking German chamomile along with sedative medications might cause too much sleepiness. Some of these sedative medications include alprazolam (Xanax), clonazepam (Klonopin), diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), midazolam (Versed), temazepam (Restoril), triazolam (Halcion), and others. Sedative medications (CNS depressants) interacts with German Chamomile German chamomile might cause sleepiness and drowsiness. Medications that cause sleepiness are called sedatives. Taking German chamomile along with sedative medications might cause too much sleepiness. Some sedative medications include pentobarbital (Nembutal), phenobarbital (Luminal), secobarbital (Seconal), fentanyl (Duragesic, Sublimaze), morphine, zolpidem (Ambien), and others. Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) interacts with German Chamomile Some types of cancer are affected by hormones in the body. Estrogen-sensitive cancers are cancers that are affected by estrogen levels in the body. Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) is used to help treat and prevent these types of cancer. German chamomile seems to also affect estrogen levels in the body. By affecting estrogen in the body, German chamomile might decrease the effectiveness of tamoxifen (Nolvadex). Do not take German chamomile if you are taking tamoxifen (Nolvadex). 339 Warfarin (Coumadin) interacts with German Chamomile Warfarin (Coumadin) is used to slow blood clotting. German chamomile might increase the effects of warfarin (Coumadin). Taking German chamomile and warfarin (Coumadin) together might slow blood clotting
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