The Great British Smile: an Institutional Ethnography of Power in Cosmetic Dentistry

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Great British Smile: an Institutional Ethnography of Power in Cosmetic Dentistry The Great British Smile: An institutional ethnography of power in cosmetic dentistry A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Rizwana Lala Academic Unit of Oral Health, Dentistry and Society School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield May 2020 “Care about words” Imran Lala ii Abstract Background: Despite the expanding provision of cosmetic dentistry in the UK, there has been little critical research in this area. Aim: To describe the influence of dominant social norms in the provision of cosmetic dentistry in the UK. Method: Institutional ethnography (IE) was used to map the social relations in cosmetic dentistry. A multi-site qualitative method, IE explores beyond the boundaries of observed local activities; therefore, the social relations included actors’ activities and institutional texts. Data collection methods included participant observation at exclusive dental practices and events; contextual, in-depth, and diary interviews; and documentary analysis. Actors’ cosmetic dentistry activities were mapped schematically in relation to institutional texts to display how UK cosmetic dentistry is organised in terms of social relations. Attention was paid to discourses found within these social relations. The emergent forms of power in the mapped organisation were analysed by reference to Lukes’ (2005) theory. Results: The dominant institutional discourses found in the social relations were crime (beauticians undertaking teeth whitening), dentists’ professional standards and training, and safety. It was found that diverse actors with multiple interests have worked to create these discourses, which cultivate trust in cosmetic dentists and places them in a gatekeeper position in the provision of cosmetic dentistry. However, there were disjunctures between authorised accounts of dentists’ training, professional standards and safety, and what the public may expect. The discourse of happiness was used to link cosmetic dentistry to healthcare rather than beauty, and profit was kept distant from the public. These discourses were coordinated to mediate demand for treatments. Conclusion: Dentists increasingly play a gatekeeper role in the provision of cosmetic dentistry. The public trust cultivated in dentists facilitates the movement of beauty treatments into healthcare. However, the disjunctures and the disconnects between the fields of beauty and healthcare have consequences for public safety and people’s autonomy. iii Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge the contribution of the following people, who over the years have enabled me to undertake this study. A special thanks to all the informants in this study. Without your willingness to share your time and experiences this study would not be possible. I hope the findings of this project work towards improving the cosmetic dentistry experiences of all those involved in its practice. My supervisors Professor Barry Gibson and Professor Peter G. Robinson who encouraged me and gave me the freedom to think outside the conventional dental public health paradigm. Your approach has led me to learn a great deal, for which I will always be grateful. Professor Zoe Marshman, who gave valuable advice about managing the competing commitments of clinical training, academic work, teaching and bringing up a young family. Professor Zoe Marshman and Ms Kate Jones were also instrumental in ensuring I had the space and flexibility to manage workloads. Dr Sarab El-Yousfi, who supported me immensely after I came back from maternity leave. Dr Jan Owens, who consistently gave up her time to answer the multiple ethics queries that emerged throughout the fieldwork. Dr Alison Patrick, Dr Tom Broomhead and Anisha Gupta who were there to bounce off silly questions and provide clarity. Professor Sarah Baker who, many years ago, encouraged me to pursue a doctorate. Professor Georgina Born, who gave a valuable tutorial on undertaking ethnographic work and effective interview techniques. Helen Owens, Sue Spriggs and Kathryn Hurrell-Gillingham, who gave invaluable support throughout the PhD process. The BDA Library, particularly Helen Nield, who was fabulous at sourcing historical documents. The lovely Lou, who helped with our home. All the people at Hamilton House, Sheffield Woodland Kindergarten and KDV De Kraai who have looked after my son so I could work. iv The immense love and support of my family. My beautiful boy, Faris Imran, whose arrival in the world gave me the much needed ‘break’ from my doctorate and continued to give me frustrating, but often needed, distractions. My parents, who have always encouraged my diverse projects. Their commitment as grandparents along with Bill and Anne let me have much-needed sleep catch ups. My sister, Roshan, and lovely niece, Khadija, for their play- based family fun. My partner, Christopher, and my brother, Ismail, for their encouragement and ‘academic’ conversations. A special thank you to my partner Christopher who took on the lion’s share of the domestic chores and did a fantastic job of caring for our son during the coronavirus lockdown so I could complete this thesis. And my little brother, Imran, you are with me every day. Funding I would like to thank Health Education East Midlands for funding an academic training post in dental public health that enabled me to undertake this PhD. I would also like to thank The University of Sheffield for awarding me the Women Academic Returners Programme (WARP) fund which was an immense help to be able to complete the thesis. v Table of Contents Abstract .......................................................................................... iii Acknowledgments ......................................................................... iv List of Figures .............................................................................. xiv List of Tables ............................................................................... xvi List of Abbreviations .................................................................. xvii Glossary ..................................................................................... xviii 1. Introduction ............................................................................. 1 1.1 Importance of the Research Topic .......................................................................... 1 1.2 Aim and Objectives ................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 4 1.4 The Problematic ...................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Study Overview ....................................................................................................... 4 1.6 Results .................................................................................................................... 5 1.7 Policy Recommendations ....................................................................................... 8 1.8 Thesis Structure ...................................................................................................... 8 2. Background ........................................................................... 10 2.1 History of Cosmetic Dentistry ................................................................................ 10 2.1.1 Ancient Practices ............................................................................................ 10 2.1.2 Contemporary Teeth Beautifying Practices .................................................... 12 2.1.3 Meanings of Morality, Beauty and Class ........................................................ 13 2.1.4 The Straight, White Smile ............................................................................... 16 vi 2.2 The Professionalisation of Dentistry ..................................................................... 20 2.3 Cosmetic Dentistry ................................................................................................ 23 2.4 Cosmetic Market ................................................................................................... 24 2.5 Dentistry or Beauty? ............................................................................................. 28 2.5.1 Supplier-Induced Demand ............................................................................. 29 2.5.2 The Role of Dental Institutions ....................................................................... 29 2.6 Why Study Power and Cosmetic Dentistry? ......................................................... 30 2.7 Power .................................................................................................................... 30 2.7.1 Taxonomy of Power ....................................................................................... 31 2.7.2 Active and Passive ......................................................................................... 32 2.7.3 Theoretical Map of Power .............................................................................. 32 2.7.4 Dimensions of Power and Interests ............................................................... 33 2.7.5 Power and Freedom ....................................................................................... 34 2.7.6 Mechanisms of Power .................................................................................... 36 2.7.7 The Problem with Marxist
Recommended publications
  • Cosmetic Dentistry Could Involve: 1
    Journal of J Dent Res Prac 2020; 3(1) Dental Research and Practice Editorial Cosmetic dentist: osmetic dentistry is mostly accustomed ask any dental ies ar still attempting to determine their extended lifetime. The Cwork that improves the looks (though not essentially the longest studies–30 years–show that over ninetieth of implants functionality) of teeth, gums and/or bite. It primarily focuses ar still in situ, however restorations may have minor repairs and on improvement in dental aesthetics in color, position, shape, changes each 7-8 years. Purpose: The purpose of odontology is size, alignment and overall smile look. odontology is mostly ac- to boost the looks of the teeth victimization bleaching, bonding, customed ask any dental work that improves the looks (though veneers,reshaping, dentistry, or implants. Description Bleaching not essentially the functionality) of teeth, gums and/or bite. It is finished to lighten teeth that ar stained or stained. It entails primarily focuses on improvement in dental aesthetics in color, the employment of a bleaching answer applied by adentist or position, shape, size, alignment and overall smile look. several a gel in an exceedingly receptacle that matches over the teeth dentists ask themselves as “cosmetic dentists” notwithstand- used reception underneath a dentist’s management. Bonding in- ing their specific education, specialty, training, and knowledge volves applyingtoothcolored plastic putty, known as composite during this field. This has been thought-about unethical with a rosin, to the surface of broken or broken teeth. This rosin is ad- predominant objective of selling to patients. The yank Dental ditionally accustomed fillcavities before teeth (giving a a lot of Association doesn’t acknowledge dental medicine|dentistry|den- naturallooking result) and to fill gaps between teeth.
    [Show full text]
  • Wlinger-Ebook-Cosmetic-Final-022018.Pdf
    Cosmetic Dentistry – The Complete Guide To Everything You Need To Know - And Probably More Firstly, I’d like to say welcome to this guide. I’m Doctor. Linger and I want to give you an insight into the world of cosmetic dentistry. My world! I’ve been a dentist for over 20 years and have a real passion for transforming smiles. This book is designed to provide help and information to those people who aren’t for whatever reason happy with the way that their smile looks. Don’t worry, you’re not alone. Over 70 million Americans are just as unhappy with their smiles too! We’ll delve into the science behind a smile and why it’s so powerful, we’ll look at what makes up a great looking smile and the factors that ruin it – some you’ll have no control over! We’ll go in depth about the various tech- niques and treatments on offer and show you how they can help transform your smile into something spec- tacular. I’ll even give you plenty of hints and tips on how to choose the right cosmetic dentist. So if you’re ready, grab yourself a cup of coffee, pull up a chair and read on..... Section 1 - Cosmetic Dentistry – What’s All The Fuss About? Your smile is the first thing people notice. The power of a healthy, big smile turns strangers into friends while it makes us feel good inside. People who have a confident smile project warmth, friendliness and sincerity and put other people at ease.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Cosmetic Dentistry V OLUME 29 • N UMBER 3 F ALL 2013
    J OURNAL OF C OSMETIC D ENTISTRY vol. 29 issue 3 Journal of Cosmetic Dentistry V OLUME 29 • N UMBER 3 F ALL 2013 Dr. Paulo Kano: Blending Photography & Passion www.aacd.com Prosthodontics—Mastering Oral Rehabilitation Must See! Visual Implant Essays F ALL 2013 all ceramic all options™ ® FULL CONTOUR ZIRCONIA Your best option for high-strength. The company that brought you all-ceramics now brings you Zenostar, your premium brand choice for full contour zirconia restorations. The Zenostar pre-shaded, high translucency zirconia, provides you with a strong and versatile restorative solution that meets the high performance demands of the most challenging cases. Prescribe the best zirconia – Prescribe Zenostar. 100% CUSTOMER SATISFACTION GUARANTEED! ivoclarvivadent.com Call us toll free at 1-800-533-6825 in the U.S., 1-800-263-8182 in Canada. © 2013 Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. Ivoclar Vivadent is a registered trademark of Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. Zenostar is a trademark of Wieland Dental + Technik GmbH & Co. KG ZENOSTAR AD - JCD.indd 1 9/13/13 2:21 PM A PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF COSMETIC DENTISTRY vol. 29 issue 3 Journal of Cosmetic Dentistry EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD Pinhas Adar, MDT, CDT, Marietta, GA Naoki Aiba, CDT, Monterey, CA EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Edward Lowe, DMD, AAACD Gary Alex, DMD, AAACD, Huntington, NY Vancouver, BC, Canada, [email protected] Edward P. Allen, DDS, PhD, Dallas, TX EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Barbara J. Kachelski, MBA, CAE Elizabeth M. Bakeman, DDS, FAACD, Grand Rapids, MI MANAGING EDITOR Tracy Skenandore, [email protected] Oliver Brix, MDT, Kelkheim, Germany EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Denise Sheriff, [email protected] Christian Coachman, DDS, CDT, Sáo Paulo, Brazil ART DIRECTOR Lynnette Rogers, [email protected] Michael W.
    [Show full text]
  • Cosmetic Dentistry & Whitening Product Insights You Can Trust
    MAR-APR, 2021 DENTAL Vol. 38, No. 02 ADVISOR™ Product insights you can trust. Cosmetic Dentistry & Whitening Product insights you can trust. FROM THE DESK OF MAR/APR 2021 Dr. Sabiha S. Bunek, Editor-in-Chief VOL. 38, NO. 2 PUBLISHER: DENTAL CONSULTANTS, INC. One thing I would not have predicted since COVID-19 became an integral part of our lives is the increased John M. Powers, Ph.D. Sabiha S. Bunek, D.D.S. demand for cosmetic dental procedures. As our practice was tackling new guidance and PPE requirements during our 3-month shutdown last year, I was surprised to see so many patients requesting procedures EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Sabiha S. Bunek, D.D.S. like teeth whitening, clear aligner treatment, and cosmetic veneers when we opened back up. Some have claimed this is the result of people spending more time on video conferencing calls, aka “the zoom effect”. EDITORIAL BOARD Prior to Zoom, most people never talked to themselves in a mirror, so they had no idea what their teeth Gary Bloomfield, D.D.S. Julius Bunek, D.D.S., M.S. looked like. Now, with more video chatting, people are so much more conscious about their smile, teeth and Eric Brust, D.D.S., M.S. overall appearance. They also have more flexibility in their schedules and can commit to the time it takes to Michelle Elford, D.D.S. undergo treatment. As a profession, it is our responsibility to be sure our patients remain smiling, even in difficult times. Opening Robert Green, D.D.S. Nizar Mansour, D.D.S., M.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Selfiedontics: the Art of Selfies Combining Cosmetic Dentistry
    Journal of Oral Health REVIEW ARTICLE & Community Dentistry Selfiedontics: The Art Of Selfies Combining Cosmetic Dentistry Tavane P1, Gundappa M2, Dibyendu M3, Agrawal A4, Gupta S5, Dimri S6 ABSTRACT Cosmetic dentistry has gone through potential transformations over the years. Various techniques have now been established to analyze the smile digitally and, to simulate the “Before and After” in a particular case. Selfiedontics defines the amalgamation of selfie-culture with clinical practice of dentistry. Use of selfie should not only be restricted to social platform, but also to educate the patient about his own dental status, and even in treatment planning. This article focuses on the combination of digital dentistry with that of the cosmetic or esthetic dentistry. KEYWORDS: Cosmetic dentistry, Ideal smile, Selfiedontics, Selfie-dentistry 1 Professor INTRODUCTION THE DIGITAL ERA Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and The social media has become a tool Research Centre, Moradabad “Beauty is power; a smile is its sword.” to advertise the expertise. People are 2Professor and Head John Ray uploading near about 93 million selfies Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, in a day. Selfies obsession is creating Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and eing beautiful is powerful in- dental dysmorphy worldwide. Out Research Centre, Moradabad deed, but combined with a smile, of such a huge number, around 38% 3 Professor it is a potent combination in people do not upload the pictures Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, B Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and itself. Smile not only adds on to the because they are not confident about Research Centre, Moradabad esthetics but is also a profound way their smile.
    [Show full text]
  • Before After 12ZS6312 FDLA Zirluxfc 6/20/12 11:37 AM Page 1
    Florida’s Outlook On the Dental Laboratory Profession 1st Quarter 2013 www.fdla.net Cosmetic Dentistry Evolves with a Changing Economy Before After 12ZS6312_FDLA_ZirluxFC 6/20/12 11:37 AM Page 1 Strength. Made perfect by Beauty. Become a Certified Lab! Visit us at www.zirlux.com Choose Zirlux FC full contour zirconia to bring beauty to your high strength cases • High translucency pre-shaded zirconia • All-ceramic alternative to gold • Increase profitability over metal restorations • Low wear to opposing dentition For more information on this or any of our products call us 1-800-496-9500. © 2012 Henry Schein, Inc. No copying without permission. Not responsible for typographical errors. 12ZS6312 President’s Message Opportunities Ahead “We always overestimate the change that will occur in the next two years and underestimate the change that will occur in the next 10. Don’t let yourself be lulled into inaction.” — Bill Gates ill Gates is definitely an individual who knows how to put forth action to create change. A little something we’re familiar with in the dental laboratory world. For example, there has been a significant change from PFM to all ceramic. In this issue of focus, you will be provided relevant information about the growth of the all-ceramic product to better inform you and help with your decision making in regards to this product. In short order all-ceramic products has had a profound impact on our profession and we should not underestimate the change that will occur in the next 10 years. Take the time to study your options, determine where the trends for growth are and act upon your decisions.
    [Show full text]
  • Updated Clinical and Technical Protocols for Predictable Immediate Implant Placement
    CLINICAL COVER FEATURE Updated Clinical and Technical Protocols for Predictable Immediate Implant Placement Iñaki Gamborena, DMD, MSD, FID Yoshihiro Sasaki, CDT Markus B. Blatz, DMD, PhD Abstract Whenever possible and indicated, placing implants immediately after extraction has numerous advantages, including significantly increased patient comfort and immediate esthetics. However, this treatment is highly sensitive to proper treatment planning and execution. Not following the most appropriate and updated protocols meticulously can have detrimental, if not devastating, consequences, especially in the esthetic zone. It therefore is critical to understand and apply fundamental biologic principles and to practice the most advanced and proven techniques for ultimate long-term success. This article introduces a comprehensive and updated protocol for immediate implant placement. Critical steps and considerations from treatment planning to execution with long-term follow-up are described. Key Words: immediate implant placement, connective tissue grafts, cone beam computed tomography, extraction, 3D bone packing 36 2020 • Volume 35 • Issue 4 Gamborena/Sasaki/Blatz Journal of Cosmetic Dentistry 37 CLINICAL COVER FEATURE Introduction First Example Restoring both function and esthetics are the ultimate goals In one patient, whose case is shown in Figures 1 through 4, of dental treatment.1 Since the introduction of osseointegra- the maxillary right central incisor (#8) had to be extracted due tion,2 endosseous dental implants have become an established to root resorption (Fig 1) and was replaced by an immediate and proven treatment option with very high long-term success implant (Fig 2). Figure 3 shows the postoperative clinical situ- rates for realizing these goals in partially and fully edentulous ation three years after implant placement.
    [Show full text]
  • No More Hygiene®
    NO Cure disease. MORE® Save lives. HYGIENE Grow your practice. Secrets of MODULAR PERIODONTAL® THERAPY NO Dr. Thomas W. Nabors,Cure disease. DDS MOStevenRE J.® AndersonSave lives. HYGIENE Grow your practice. www.TotalPatientService.com | 1-877-399-8677 Modular Periodontal Therapy® No More Hygiene | www.TotalPatientService.com | 1-877-399-8677 2 Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy Universal Initial Visit Diagnosis Appointment for ALL Modules (60–90 minutes) (this patient could be routine, recall, or new patient) ■ D0180 Comprehensive Periodontal Exam ■ D0210 FMX ■ D0000 Intra-oral Photos ■ D0391 Microscope Slides No More Hygiene | www.TotalPatientService.com | 1-877-399-8677 3 Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy Module I: Gingival Disease Initiation of Module 1 Therapy (60–90 minutes, ASAP after diagnosis) ■ D0415/17/18 Periodonal Pathogens Testing ■ D4346 Scaling and irrigation in the presence of inflammation *This is a full mouth code ■ D0000 Waterpik ■ D0000 Periodontal Medication CHX (Dispense 3/16 oz bottles) ■ D0000 Maintenance Rinse ■ D0000 Anesthesia (topical numbing gel) ■ D9230 Nitrous Oxide Sedation Continued Module 1 Therapy (30 minutes, 2–3 weeks after initial appointment) ■ D4921 Periodontal Irrigation Upper Right Quadrant ■ D4921 Periodontal Irrigation Upper Left Quadrant ■ D4921 Periodontal Irrigation Lower Right Quadrant ■ D4921 Periodontal Irrigation Lower Left Quadrant ■ D0000 Intra-oral Photos Routine Recare Module 1(3 months) ■ D1110 Prophylaxis ■ D1206 Fluoride Varnish ■ D0000 Maintenance Rinse D0415 No More Hygiene | www.TotalPatientService.com
    [Show full text]
  • Excellecence in Cosmetic Dentistry Message from the AACD President What’S Next?
    EXCELLECENCE IN COSMETIC DENTISTRY MESSAGE FROM THE AACD PRESIDENT What’s Next? Fellow AGD Members, I just want to take a couple of minutes to invite you to sample this mini-version of our Journal of Cosmetic Dentistry. In some ways, this may serve as an introduction to many of you to the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry(AACD). As AACD President this year, I am in the enviable position of helping build bridges between two organizations that have each made significant contributions to my career. I confess, I am a continuing education “junkie.” I have been a member of the Academy of General Dentistry since 1974. I joined just to get my CE tracked by someone official in case I ever got sued. Then, one year when I was a little negligent about seeking courses, I got my AGD reminder that I had a “promise” to fulfill in meeting my requirements of membership. It was a wake-up call. It reminded me that we never can afford to let ourselves stop learning. I have never needed another reminder. I remember when I got my AGD Fellowship and how proud I was (and my Dad, too, who was also a Fellow in the AGD). I remember asking myself “What’s Next?” That was the same year as my first AACD conference. Suddenly I was exposed to the greatest cosmetic dentistry get-together the world had ever seen. I was mesmerized. I was challenged. And, I was a little intimidated to see work that beautiful being done by mere mortals. Soon I knew what was next.
    [Show full text]
  • Area Experts Explore Cosmetic Dentistry Options to Brighten Smiles and Soothe Pain
    Photos courtesy of Grove Dental Photos courtesy of Grove and a conversation.” She suggests sharing your goals for the appearance of your teeth, so that the dentist can address The Best Smile your main concerns. “I tell people, ‘Beware of the Internet if you’re going to invest Is a in expensive cosmetic dentistry. Do your homework. Not everyone is a candidate for cosmetic dentistry, because you need H e to address the underlying issues.’” She l gives an example: “You may want veneers e i but just need straightening.” She finds that a “most patients are asking for a better smile.” lthy Sm “Think of cosmetic dentistry as a set of stairs,” says Michael Bond, D.D.S., of Naperville, explaining that each step represents a higher level of complexity, Area Experts Explore Cosmetic Dentistry Options intervention and expense, depending to Brighten Smiles and Soothe Pain on the need at hand. The first step for an improved appearance would be tooth whitening, which he calls “one of the most By Sara Pearsaul Vice effective methods and best for cost.” Next would be cosmetic shaping, bonding or covering with veneers, followed by a full crown, which is made of porcelain and covers the entire tooth, and culminating with surgical implants for missing or weakened teeth. Michael W. Bennett, DDS of Grove Dental and his team consult with patient Terry J. of Lombard, Looking Good then prep him for treatment to give him a healthy smile. According to a 2015 survey of dentists can use at home to professional at-home coming up, such as a wedding, as well as by the American Academy of Cosmetic kits customized by the dentist or in-office for those who don’t have the time to devote Dentistry (AACD), “Eighty-six percent whitening using laser light that can to days or weeks of whitening treatments.
    [Show full text]
  • Cosmetic Dentistry: Conservative Approaches, Confident Smiles Nicholas C
    Dental Implants Prepless Veneers Peg Laterals JournaCALIFORNIA DENTAL ASSOCIATION Injection Molded Composites Cosmetic Dentistry: Conservative Approaches, Confident Smiles Nicholas C. Marongiu, DDS NEED SUPPLIES TO COMPLY? PROTECT YOUR TEAM AND SAVE Through The Dentists Supply Company, it’s easy and affordable to save big on the dental supplies that help you meet Cal/OSHA standards. • Up to 40% off personal protective equipment* • Up to 23% off Cal/OSHA compliant labels* • Up to 29% off sharps containers* • Up to 21% off safety glasses and goggles* Shop TDSC.com for negotiated savings and free shipping on the supplies you love from over 350 trusted manufacturers. SHOP ONLINE AND START SAVING TODAY * Savings compared to the manufacturer’s list price. Actual savings on TDSC.com may vary. Feb. 2020 CDA JOURNAL, VOL 48, Nº2 DEPARTMENTS 53 The Associate Editor/Finding a Way 57 Letters to the Editor 59 Impressions 89 RM Matters/Keeping Office Payments Safe and Secure 91 Regulatory Compliance/Role of the Infection Control Coordinator 95 Ethics/Refer or Not: That’s the Question 98 Tech Trends 59 FEATURES 63 Cosmetic Dentistry: Conservative Approaches, Confident Smiles An introduction to the issue. Nicholas C. Marongiu, DDS 65 Compromised Anterior Single Implant Restoration Using Pink Ceramic This article discusses how using pink ceramic can be a viable option in cases where soft tissue is deficient. John F. Weston, DDS 73 Minimize Preparations for Maximum Results This article focuses on prepless veneers as an excellent, yet conservative aesthetic option that can yield outstanding results. Adamo E. Notarantonio, DDS 77 Treatment Planning and Managing the Peg Lateral Incisor Different options and treatment considerations while managing peg laterals are discussed in this article as well as highlights from one case that was managed based upon limitations of the patient’s desires.
    [Show full text]
  • Marr, Kathryn Masters Thesis.Pdf (4.212Mb)
    MIRRORS OF MODERNITY, REPOSITORIES OF TRADITION: CONCEPTIONS OF JAPANESE FEMININE BEAUTY FROM THE SEVENTEENTH TO THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Japanese at the University of Canterbury by Kathryn Rebecca Marr University of Canterbury 2015 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ·········································································· 1 Abstract ························································································· 2 Notes to the Text ·············································································· 3 List of Images·················································································· 4 Introduction ···················································································· 10 Literature Review ······································································ 13 Chapter One Tokugawa Period Conceptions of Japanese Feminine Beauty ························· 18 Eyes ······················································································ 20 Eyebrows ················································································ 23 Nose ······················································································ 26 Mouth ···················································································· 28 Skin ······················································································· 34 Physique ·················································································
    [Show full text]