GADD45 Regulates Hepatic Gluconeogenesis Via Modulating
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GADD45 Induction of a G2/M Cell Cycle Checkpoint
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 96, pp. 3706–3711, March 1999 Cell Biology GADD45 induction of a G2/M cell cycle checkpoint XIN WEI WANG*, QIMIN ZHAN†,JILL D. COURSEN*, MOHAMMED A. KHAN*, H. UDO KONTNY†,LIJIA YU‡, M. CHRISTINE HOLLANDER†,PATRICK M. O’CONNOR‡,ALBERT J. FORNACE,JR.†, AND CURTIS C. HARRIS*§ *Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, †Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, and ‡Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Science, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 Communicated by Theodore T. Puck, Eleanor Roosevelt Institute for Cancer Research, Denver, CO, January 12, 1999 (received for review November 30, 1998) ABSTRACT G1yS and G2yM cell cycle checkpoints main- p53-deficient mice, p21-deficient mice undergo normal develop- tain genomic stability in eukaryotes in response to genotoxic ment and normal apoptotic response, and do not have an stress. We report here both genetic and functional evidence of a increased frequency of spontaneous malignancies (11, 16). These y Gadd45-mediated G2yM checkpoint in human and murine cells. data indicate that factors other than p21 in the G1 S checkpoint Increased expression of Gadd45 via microinjection of an expres- pathway may be required for p53-mediated tumor suppression. sion vector into primary human fibroblasts arrests the cells at Alternatively, other p53-mediated checkpoints may play more the G yM boundary with a phenotype of MPM2 immunoposi- important roles in the prevention of tumorigenesis. 2 y y tivity, 4n DNA content and, in 15% of the cells, centrosome In contrast to the G1 S checkpoint, the mammalian G2 M separation. The Gadd45-mediated G2yM arrest depends on checkpoint is poorly understood. -
DNA Modifications in Models of Alcohol Use Disorders
Alcohol 60 (2017) 19e30 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Alcohol journal homepage: http://www.alcoholjournal.org/ DNA modifications in models of alcohol use disorders * Christopher T. Tulisiak a, R. Adron Harris a, b, Igor Ponomarev a, b, a Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA b The College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1900, Austin, TX 78712, USA article info abstract Article history: Chronic alcohol use and abuse result in widespread changes to gene expression, some of which Received 2 September 2016 contribute to the development of alcohol-use disorders (AUD). Gene expression is controlled, in part, by a Received in revised form group of regulatory systems often referred to as epigenetic factors, which includes, among other 3 November 2016 mechanisms, chemical marks made on the histone proteins around which genomic DNA is wound to Accepted 5 November 2016 form chromatin, and on nucleotides of the DNA itself. In particular, alcohol has been shown to perturb the epigenetic machinery, leading to changes in gene expression and cellular functions characteristic of Keywords: AUD and, ultimately, to altered behavior. DNA modifications in particular are seeing increasing research Alcohol fi Epigenetics in the context of alcohol use and abuse. To date, studies of DNA modi cations in AUD have primarily fi fi fi DNA methylation looked at global methylation pro les in human brain and blood, gene-speci c methylation pro les in DNMT animal models, methylation changes associated with prenatal ethanol exposure, and the potential DNA hydroxymethylation therapeutic abilities of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors. -
Gadd45b Acts As Neuroprotective Effector in Global Ischemia- Induced Neuronal Death
INTERNATIONAL NEUROUROLOGY JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL INJ pISSN 2093-4777 eISSN 2093-6931 Original Article Int Neurourol J 2019;23(Suppl 1):S11-21 NEU INTERNATIONAL RO UROLOGY JOURNAL https://doi.org/10.5213/inj.1938040.020 pISSN 2093-4777 · eISSN 2093-6931 Volume 19 | Number 2 June 2015 Volume pages 131-210 Official Journal of Korean Continence Society / Korean Society of Urological Research / The Korean Children’s Continence and Enuresis Society / The Korean Association of Urogenital Tract Infection and Inflammation einj.org Mobile Web Gadd45b Acts as Neuroprotective Effector in Global Ischemia- Induced Neuronal Death Chang Hoon Cho1,*, Hyae-Ran Byun1,*, Teresa Jover-Mengual1,2, Fabrizio Pontarelli1, Christopher Dejesus1, Ah-Rhang Cho3, R. Suzanne Zukin1, Jee-Yeon Hwang1,4 1Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA 2 Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia; Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Vale---ncia, Valencia, Spain 3Department of Beauty-Art, Seo-Jeong University, Seoul, Korea 4Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA Purpose: Transient global ischemia arising in human due to cardiac arrest causes selective, delayed neuronal death in hippo- campal CA1 and cognitive impairment. Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 beta (Gadd45b) is a well- known molecule in both DNA damage-related pathogenesis and therapies. Emerging evidence suggests that Gadd45b is an anti-apoptotic factor in nonneuronal cells and is an intrinsic neuroprotective molecule in neurons. However, the mechanism of Gadd45b pathway is not fully examined in neurodegeneration associated with global ischemia. -
Gadd45b Deficiency Promotes Premature Senescence and Skin Aging
www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget/ Oncotarget, Vol. 7, No. 19 Gadd45b deficiency promotes premature senescence and skin aging Andrew Magimaidas1, Priyanka Madireddi1, Silvia Maifrede1, Kaushiki Mukherjee1, Barbara Hoffman1,2 and Dan A. Liebermann1,2 1 Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA 2 Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA Correspondence to: Dan A. Liebermann, email: [email protected] Keywords: Gadd45b, senescence, oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, Gerotarget Received: March 17, 2016 Accepted: April 12, 2016 Published: April 20, 2016 ABSTRACT The GADD45 family of proteins functions as stress sensors in response to various physiological and environmental stressors. Here we show that primary mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) from Gadd45b null mice proliferate slowly, accumulate increased levels of DNA damage, and senesce prematurely. The impaired proliferation and increased senescence in Gadd45b null MEFs is partially reversed by culturing at physiological oxygen levels, indicating that Gadd45b deficiency leads to decreased ability to cope with oxidative stress. Interestingly, Gadd45b null MEFs arrest at the G2/M phase of cell cycle, in contrast to other senescent MEFs, which arrest at G1. FACS analysis of phospho-histone H3 staining showed that Gadd45b null MEFs are arrested in G2 phase rather than M phase. H2O2 and UV irradiation, known to increase oxidative stress, also triggered increased senescence in Gadd45b null MEFs compared to wild type MEFs. In vivo evidence for increased senescence in Gadd45b null mice includes the observation that embryos from Gadd45b null mice exhibit increased senescence staining compared to wild type embryos. -
Inhibition of Single Minded 2 Gene Expression Mediates Tumor-Selective Apoptosis and Differentiation in Human Colon Cancer Cells
Inhibition of Single Minded 2 gene expression mediates tumor-selective apoptosis and differentiation in human colon cancer cells Mireille J. Aleman*†‡§, Maurice Phil DeYoung*†§¶, Matthew Tress*†, Patricia Keating*†, Gary W. Perryʈ, and Ramaswamy Narayanan*†** *Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Departments of †Biology and ‡Chemistry, and ¶Center for Complex System and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431 Communicated by Herbert Weissbach, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, July 21, 2005 (received for review April 4, 2005) A Down’s syndrome associated gene, Single Minded 2 gene short bound AhR͞ARNT complex (12) and hence prevent carcinogen form (SIM2-s), is specifically expressed in colon tumors but not in metabolism, leading to cumulative DNA damage and cancer. the normal colon. Antisense inhibition of SIM2-s in a RKO-derived The growth arrest and DNA damage (GADD) family of genes colon carcinoma cell line causes growth inhibition, apoptosis, and was originally isolated from UV radiation-treated cells and subse- inhibition of tumor growth in a nude mouse tumoriginicity model. quently grouped according to their coordinate regulation by growth The mechanism of cell death in tumor cells is unclear. In the present arrest and DNA damage (13). The GADD family members include study, we investigated the pathways underlying apoptosis. Apo- GADD34,-45␣,-45,-45␥, and -153 (14, 15). These are stress- ptosis was seen in a tumor cell-specific manner in RKO cells but not response genes induced by both genotoxic and nongenotoxic in normal renal epithelial cells, despite inhibition of SIM2-s expres- stresses (16–18). GADD45␣ is the most extensively studied mem- sion in both of these cells by the antisense. -
Genetic Deletion Ofgadd45b, a Regulator of Active DNA
The Journal of Neuroscience, November 28, 2012 • 32(48):17059–17066 • 17059 Brief Communications Genetic Deletion of gadd45b, a Regulator of Active DNA Demethylation, Enhances Long-Term Memory and Synaptic Plasticity Faraz A. Sultan,1 Jing Wang,1 Jennifer Tront,2 Dan A. Liebermann,2 and J. David Sweatt1 1Department of Neurobiology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294 and 2Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 Dynamic epigenetic mechanisms including histone and DNA modifications regulate animal behavior and memory. While numerous enzymes regulating these mechanisms have been linked to memory formation, the regulation of active DNA demethylation (i.e., cytosine-5 demethylation) has only recently been investigated. New discoveries aim toward the Growth arrest and DNA damage- inducible 45 (Gadd45) family, particularly Gadd45b, in activity-dependent demethylation in the adult CNS. This study found memory- associated expression of gadd45b in the hippocampus and characterized the behavioral phenotype of gadd45b Ϫ/Ϫ mice. Results indicate normal baseline behaviors and initial learning but enhanced persisting memory in mutants in tasks of motor performance, aversive conditioning and spatial navigation. Furthermore, we showed facilitation of hippocampal long-term potentiation in mutants. These results implicate Gadd45b as a learning-induced gene and a regulator of memory formation and are consistent with its potential role in active DNA demethylation in memory. Introduction along with the finding of activity-induced gadd45b in the hip- Alterations in neuronal gene expression play a necessary role pocampus led us to hypothesize that Gadd45b modulates mem- in memory consolidation (Miyashita et al., 2008). -
Gadd45a Regulates B-Catenin Distribution and Maintains Cell–Cell Adhesion/ Contact
Oncogene (2007) 26, 6396–6405 & 2007 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0950-9232/07 $30.00 www.nature.com/onc ORIGINAL ARTICLE Gadd45a regulates b-catenin distribution and maintains cell–cell adhesion/ contact JJi1, R Liu1, T Tong, Y Song, S Jin, M Wu and Q Zhan State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China Gadd45a,a growth arrest and DNA-damage gene,plays 1999;Jin et al., 2000;Tong et al., 2005). Gadd45a important roles in the control of cell cycle checkpoints, also plays roles in negative regulation of cell malig- DNA repair and apoptosis. We show here that Gadd45a is nancy. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived involved in the control of cell contact inhibition and cell– from Gadd45a-null mice exhibited genomic instability, cell adhesion. Gadd45a can serve as an adapter to enhance single oncogene-mediated transformation, loss of nor- the interaction between b-catenin and Caveolin-1,and in mal cellular senescence, increased cellular proliferation, turn induces b-catenin translocation to cell membrane for centrosome amplification and reduced DNA repair maintaining cell–cell adhesion/contact inhibition. This is (Hollander et al., 1999;Smith et al., 2000). Gadd45a- coupled with reduction of b-catenin in cytoplasm and null mice have an increased frequency of tumorigenesis nucleus following Gadd45a induction,which is reflected by by ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet radiation (UVR) the downregulation of cyclin D1,one of the b-catenin and dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), although these targeted genes. Additionally,Gadd45a facilitates ultra- mice do not develop spontaneous tumors (Hollander violet radiation-induced degradation of cytoplasmic and et al., 1999, 2001;Hildesheim et al., 2002). -
DNA Excision Repair Proteins and Gadd45 As Molecular Players for Active DNA Demethylation
Cell Cycle ISSN: 1538-4101 (Print) 1551-4005 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/kccy20 DNA excision repair proteins and Gadd45 as molecular players for active DNA demethylation Dengke K. Ma, Junjie U. Guo, Guo-li Ming & Hongjun Song To cite this article: Dengke K. Ma, Junjie U. Guo, Guo-li Ming & Hongjun Song (2009) DNA excision repair proteins and Gadd45 as molecular players for active DNA demethylation, Cell Cycle, 8:10, 1526-1531, DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.10.8500 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cc.8.10.8500 Published online: 15 May 2009. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 135 View related articles Citing articles: 92 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=kccy20 Download by: [University of Pennsylvania] Date: 27 April 2017, At: 12:48 [Cell Cycle 8:10, 1526-1531; 15 May 2009]; ©2009 Landes Bioscience Perspective DNA excision repair proteins and Gadd45 as molecular players for active DNA demethylation Dengke K. Ma,1,2,* Junjie U. Guo,1,3 Guo-li Ming1-3 and Hongjun Song1-3 1Institute for Cell Engineering; 2Department of Neurology; and 3The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA Abbreviations: DNMT, DNA methyltransferases; PGCs, primordial germ cells; MBD, methyl-CpG binding protein; NER, nucleotide excision repair; BER, base excision repair; AP, apurinic/apyrimidinic; SAM, S-adenosyl methionine Key words: DNA demethylation, Gadd45, Gadd45a, Gadd45b, Gadd45g, 5-methylcytosine, deaminase, glycosylase, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair DNA cytosine methylation represents an intrinsic modifica- silencing of gene activity or parasitic genetic elements (Fig. -
Original Article Associations of Novel Variants in PIK3C3, INSR and MAP3K4 of the ATM Pathway Genes with Pancreatic Cancer Risk
Am J Cancer Res 2020;10(7):2128-2144 www.ajcr.us /ISSN:2156-6976/ajcr0116403 Original Article Associations of novel variants in PIK3C3, INSR and MAP3K4 of the ATM pathway genes with pancreatic cancer risk Ling-Ling Zhao1,2,3, Hong-Liang Liu2,3, Sheng Luo4, Kyle M Walsh2,5, Wei Li1, Qingyi Wei2,3,6 1Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; 2Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Departments of 3Medicine, 4Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, 5Neurosurgery, 6Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA Received June 16, 2020; Accepted June 21, 2020; Epub July 1, 2020; Published July 15, 2020 Abstract: The ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM) pathway plays important roles in pancreatic cancer (PanC) de- velopment and progression, but the roles of genetic variants of the genes in this pathway in the etiology of PanC are unknown. In the present study, we assessed associations between 31,499 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 198 ATM pathway-related genes and PanC risk using genotyping data from two previously published PanC genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of 15,423 subjects of European ancestry. In multivariable logis- tic regression analysis, we identified three novel independent SNPs to be significantly associated with PanC risk [PIK3C3 rs76692125 G>A: odds ratio (OR)=1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.12-1.43 and P=2.07×10-4, INSR rs11668724 G>A: OR=0.89, 95% CI=0.84-0.94 and P=4.21×10-5 and MAP3K4 rs13207108 C>T: OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.75-0.92, P=2.26×10-4]. -
Spatiotemporal Expression Pattern of Gadd45g Signaling Pathway
Metab y & o g lic lo S o y n n i r d Labrie et al. Endocrinol Metabol Syndrome 2011, S:4 c r o o m d n e DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017.S4-005 E Endocrinology & Metabolic Syndrome ISSN: 2161-1017 Research Article Open Access Spatiotemporal Expression Pattern of Gadd45g Signaling Pathway Components in the Mouse Uterus Following Hormonal Steroid Treatments Yvan Labrie, Karine Plourde, Johanne Ouellet, Geneviève Ouellette, Céline Martel, Fernand Labrie, Georges Pelletier and Francine Durocher* Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Centre, CHUQ Research Centre, CHUL, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada Abstract The uterus is a hormone-dependent organ under the control of estrogens, progestins and androgens. The actions of estradiol (E2) and progesterone on uterine physiology are well documented, while active androgens such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are now also recognized to exert an important role to appropriately maintain the cyclical changes of the endometrium. Based on our previous observations that DHT modulates GADD45g and the expression of specific cell cycle genes, the aim of this study was to identify the specific uterine cell types in which these cell cycle genes are modulated by hormonal steroids. Using in situ hybridization and quantitative RT-PCR (QRT-PCR), the localization and measurement of mRNA expression of key cell cycle genes responding to E2 and DHT were performed in the uterus of ovariectomized mice. Interestingly, in situ hybridization experiments demonstrate that Gadd45g mRNA is detected early and strongly in stromal cells only, indicating that the early cell cycle arrest induced by DHT and E2 in the mouse uterus occurs in this compartment. -
(Gadd45b)-Mediated DNA Demethylation in Major Psychosis
Neuropsychopharmacology (2012) 37, 531–542 & 2012 American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. All rights reserved 0893-133X/12 www.neuropsychopharmacology.org Growth Arrest and DNA-Damage-Inducible, Beta (GADD45b)-Mediated DNA Demethylation in Major Psychosis ,1 1 1 1 1 David P Gavin* , Rajiv P Sharma , Kayla A Chase , Francesco Matrisciano , Erbo Dong 1 and Alessandro Guidotti 1 Department of Psychiatry, The Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Aberrant neocortical DNA methylation has been suggested to be a pathophysiological contributor to psychotic disorders. Recently, a growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta (GADD45b) protein-coordinated DNA demethylation pathway, utilizing cytidine deaminases and thymidine glycosylases, has been identified in the brain. We measured expression of several members of this pathway in parietal cortical samples from the Stanley Foundation Neuropathology Consortium (SFNC) cohort. We find an increase in GADD45b mRNA and protein in patients with psychosis. In immunohistochemistry experiments using samples from the Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center, we report an increased number of GADD45b-stained cells in prefrontal cortical layers II, III, and V in psychotic patients. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor IX (BDNF IXabcd) was selected as a readout gene to determine the effects of GADD45b expression and promoter binding. We find that there is less GADD45b binding to the BDNF IXabcd promoter in psychotic subjects. Further, there is reduced BDNF IXabcd mRNA expression, and an increase in 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine at its promoter. On the basis of these results, we conclude that GADD45b may be increased in psychosis compensatory to its inability to access gene promoter regions. -
Huwe1 Interacts with Gadd45b Under Oxygen-Glucose
He et al. Molecular Brain (2015) 8:88 DOI 10.1186/s13041-015-0178-y RESEARCH Open Access Huwe1 interacts with Gadd45b under oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion injury in primary Rat cortical neuronal cells Guo-qian He1, Wen-ming Xu2, Jin-fang Li1, Shuai-shuai Li2, Bin Liu3, Xiao-dan Tan1 and Chang-qing Li1* Abstract Background: Growth arrest and DNA-damage inducible protein 45 beta (Gadd45b) is serving as a neuronal activity sensor. Brain ischemia induces the expression of Gadd45b, which stimulates recovery after stroke and may play a protective role in cerebral ischemia. However, little is known of the molecular mechanisms of how Gadd45b expression regulated and the down-stream targets in brain ischemia. Here, using an oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) model, we identified Huwe1/Mule/ARF-BP1, a HECT domain containing ubiquitin ligase, involved in the control of Gadd45b protein level. In this study, we also investigated the role of Huwe1-Gadd45b mediated pathway in BDNF methylation. Results: We found that the depletion of Huwe1 by lentivirus shRNA mediated interference significantly increased the expression of Gadd45b and BDNF at 24 h after OGD. Moreover, treatment with Cycloheximide (CHX) inhibited endogenous expression of Gadd45b, and promoted expression of Gadd45b after co-treated with lentivirus shRNA- Huwe1. Inhibition of Gadd45b by lentivirus shRNA decreased the expression levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) pathway, while inhibition of Huwe1 increased the expression levels of BDNF and p-CREB. Moreover, shRNA-Huwe1 treatment decreased the methylation level of the fifth CpG islands (123 bp apart from BDNF IXa), while shRNA-Gadd45b treatment increased the methylation level of the forth CpG islands (105 bp apart from BDNF IXa).