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Avro About the Tutorial Apache Avro is a language-neutral data serialization system, developed by Doug Cutting, the father of Hadoop. This is a brief tutorial that provides an overview of how to set up Avro and how to serialize and deserialize data using Avro. Audience This tutorial is prepared for professionals aspiring to learn the basics of Big Data Analytics using Hadoop Framework and become a successful Hadoop developer. It will be a handy resource for enthusiasts who want to use Avro for data serialization and deserialization. Prerequisites Before you start proceeding with this tutorial, we assume that you are already aware of Hadoop's architecture and APIs, and you have experience in writing basic applications, preferably using Java. Disclaimer & Copyright Copyright 2015 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. 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If you discover any errors on our website or in this tutorial, please notify us at [email protected]. i Avro Table of Contents About the Tutorial .......................................................................................................................................... i Audience ......................................................................................................................................................... i Prerequisites ................................................................................................................................................... i Disclaimer & Copyright ................................................................................................................................... i Table of Contents........................................................................................................................................... ii PART I – AVRO BASICS ................................................................................................................. 1 1. Avro ─ Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 2 What is Avro? ................................................................................................................................................ 2 Avro Schemas ................................................................................................................................................ 2 Comparison with Thrift and Protocol Buffers ................................................................................................ 2 Features of Avro ............................................................................................................................................ 3 General Working of Avro ............................................................................................................................... 4 2. Avro ─ Serialization ................................................................................................................................. 5 What is Serialization? .................................................................................................................................... 5 Serialization in Java ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Serialization in Hadoop .................................................................................................................................. 5 Writable Interface.......................................................................................................................................... 6 Writable Comparable Interface ..................................................................................................................... 6 IntWritable Class ............................................................................................................................................ 7 Serializing the Data in Hadoop ...................................................................................................................... 8 Deserializing the Data in Hadoop ................................................................................................................ 10 Advantage of Hadoop over Java Serialization ............................................................................................. 11 Disadvantages of Hadoop Serialization ....................................................................................................... 11 3. Avro ─ Environment Setup .................................................................................................................... 12 Downloading Avro ....................................................................................................................................... 12 Avro with Eclipse ......................................................................................................................................... 13 Avro with Maven ......................................................................................................................................... 14 Setting Classpath ......................................................................................................................................... 16 PART II – AVRO SCHEMAS AND APIS.......................................................................................... 17 4. Avro ─ Schemas ..................................................................................................................................... 18 Creating Avro Schemas ................................................................................................................................ 18 Primitive Data Types of Avro ....................................................................................................................... 19 Complex Data Types of Avro ........................................................................................................................ 20 5. Avro ─ Reference API............................................................................................................................. 23 SpecificDatumWriter Class .......................................................................................................................... 23 SpecificDatumReader Class ......................................................................................................................... 23 DataFileWriter ............................................................................................................................................. 24 Data FileReader ........................................................................................................................................... 25 Class Schema.parser .................................................................................................................................... 25 Interface GenricRecord ................................................................................................................................ 26 Class GenericData.Record ............................................................................................................................ 26 ii Avro PART III – AVRO BY GENERATING A CLASS ................................................................................. 28 6. Avro ─ Serializing the Data .................................................................................................................... 29 Serialization by Generating a Class .............................................................................................................. 29 Defining a Schema ....................................................................................................................................... 29 Compiling the Schema ................................................................................................................................. 30 Creating and Serializing the Data ................................................................................................................. 33 Example – Serialization by Generating a Class ............................................................................................ 34 7. Avro ─ Deserializing the Data ................................................................................................................ 37 Deserialization by Generating a Class .......................................................................................................... 37 Example – Deserialization by Generating a Class ........................................................................................ 38 PART IV - AVRO USING PARSERS LIBRARY .................................................................................. 40 8. Avro ─ Serializing the Data ...................................................................................................................