DOCSLIB.ORG

Cecropiaceae a New Family of the Urticales

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Cecropiaceae a new family of the Urticales r* C.C. Berg Summary Mora- The problem of the correct position of the Conocepbaloideae, a subfamily of the transferred the Urticaceae Corner be satisfac- ceae in Engler's system, but to by (1962), can this be named torily solved by assigning the rank of family to taxon, to Cecropiaceae. of and the six this ( Diagnoses a key to genera constituting family Cecropia, Coussapoa, Musanga, Myrianthus, Poikilospermum, and Pourouma) are given. The classification of the Urticales and the relationship between the Cecropiaceae and both Moraceae and Urticaceae A are discussed. key to the families of the Urticales is given. Cecropiaceae C.C. Berg fam. nov. Type genus: Cecropia Loefling Cecropieae Gaudichaud in Freycinet, Voy. Uranie, Bot. 491, 506. 1830, as tribe of the Urticeae (= Urticales) Pouroumeae Gaudichaud in Freycinet, Voy. Uranie, Bot. 491, 511. 1830, as tribe of the Urticeae (= Urticales); Trecul, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 8; 77. 1847, as tribe of the Artocarpeae (= Moraceae s.l., p.p.); Miquel in Martius, FI. Bras. 4 (1): 83, 122. 1853, as subtribe of the Artocarpeae (= Moraceae s.l., p.p.). Conocephaleae Trecul, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 8: 77. 1847, as tribe of the Artocarpeae (= Moraceae s.l., p.p.); Miquel in Martius, FI. Bras. 4 (1); 83, 131. 1853, as subtribe of the Artocarpeae (= Moraceae s.l., p.p.); Bureau in De Can- dolle, Prodr. 17; 280, 283. 1873, as tribe of the Artocarpaceae (= Moraceae s.l., p.p.); Bentham & Hooker, Gen. PI. 3 (1): 343. 1880, as tribe of the Urticaceae (= Urticales). Conocepbaloideae Engler in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3 (1); 93. Urticaceae 1889, as subfamily of the Moraceae sensu Engler, transferred to the by Corner, Card. Bull. Singapore 19: 251. 1962. For a historical review of the subdivisions of the Urticales the reader is referred to Chew Wee-Lek, Card. Bull. Singapore 20 (1): 22. 1963. Arbores vel frutices semper dioeci, radicibus aeriis vel gralliformibus; systema ductuum laticiferorum reductum, laticem baud exudans. Folia spiraliter dis- posita, integra vel plus minusve profunde palmato- vel radiato-incisa; stipulae vel vel connatae. Inflorescentiae cymoso-ramosae capitatae glomerulum digita- efformantes. staminati liberis vel tum spicarum Flores tepalis 4-2, connatis; stamina 4-1, recta, interdum inflexa et gradatim porrigentia, sed non elastice eflectentia; pistillati tepalis 4-2, connatis; stigma ligulatum, capitato-penicillatum basale vel subbasale; vel vel peltatum; ovulum (sub)orthotropum, semen parvum endospermum adest vel abest. magnum;embryo simplex, rectus; Terrestrial or hemi-epiphytic woody plants with aerial roots or stilt-roots and Leaves with a reduced system of latex tubes. spirally arranged, pinnately veined to subtriplinerved or to palmately veined in entire to palmately incised leaves or fused, radially veined in peltate leaves; stipules mostly fully amplexicaul; cysto- liths present in Poikilospermum, lacking in the other genera.' Plants strictly * Institute of Systematic Botany, Heidelberglaan 2, Uithof, Utrecht, Netherlands. 39 FEBRUARY 1978 dioecious, inflorescences unisexual, the staminate ones cymosely branched, the pistillate ones cymosely branched, capitate, spicate, subumbellateor both stami- nate and pistillate inflorescences forming a pedunculate digitate cluster of spikes enveloped by a caducous spathe. Staminate flowers with 4-2 free or fused tepals, stamens 4-1, straight in the bud, sometimes inflexed, but then straightening distinct gradually at anthesis; a pistillode mostly lacking. Pistillate flowers with a tubular, 4-2-lobed to 4-2-dentate perianth, ovary free, stigma 1, lingulate to capitate-penicillate to peltate, ovule (sub)orthotropous, basal or subbasal. Fruit small and free or large and either adnate to a fleshy fruiting perianth or free, endocarp crustaceous or woody, endosperm mostly present in small seeds, ab- sent in large seeds, embryo small with flat cotyledons in small seeds, large and with thick cotyledons in large seeds. Light-demanding plants of more or less open vegetations. The genera of the cecropiaceae Cecropia Loefling A of 70-80 genus probably species in tropical America, forming small to tall trees often with stilt-roots; stem and branches with hollow internodes; leaves lamina incised, with radial venation; inflorescences a large, peltate, radially pe- dunculate cluster of caducous of digitate spikes enveloped by a spathe; perianth staminate and flowers pistillate tubular; stamens 2; stigma capitate-penicillate or peltate, ovule basal; fruit a nutlet, endocarp crustaceous, tuberculate or smooth; endosperm present, cotyledons flat, radicle relatively long. Musanga R. Brown A 2 genus of species in tropical Africa forming trees with stilt-roots; stem and branches with hollow internodes; leaves large, lamina peltate, radially incised, with radial venation; staminate inflorescences repeatedly branched, bearing globose clusters of flowers on the ultimate dichotomies; perianth 2-lobed, inflorescence stamen 1; pistillate a clavate, more or less applanate spike; perianth tubular, stigma capitate-penicillate, ovule subbasal; fruit small, endocarp crustace- ous, tuberculate;endosperm present, cotelydons flat, radicle relatively long. Coussapoa Aublet A genus of more than 50 species in tropical America. Usually hemi-epiphytic shrubs or trees with aerial roots or with stilt-roots if terrestrial; leaves with an inflores- entire lamina, pinnately veined to subtriplinerved to palmately veined; cences cymosely branched with capitate clusters of flowers on the ultimate in dichotomies, pistillate inflorescences sometimes reduced to a single head; of the staminate flower with less perianth 3, more or connate tepals, stamens either free two, or entirely connate, or one; perianth of the pistillate flower fruit tubular, stigma capitate-penicillate, ovule basal; small, with a mucilaginous outside the layer verrucate crustaceous endocarp; endosperm scarce (or lacking?), cotyledons flat, radicle relatively long. Poikilospermum Zipp. ex Miquel A of 20 genus species in tropical Asia. Hemi-epiphytic scramblers with aerial lamina roots; entire, mostly pinnately veined, with punctiform or elongate cysto- liths; stipules not (fully) amplexicaul. Inflorescences cymosely once or repeated- with of ly branched, capitate clusters flowers on the ultimate dichotomies; of the perianth staminate flower with 4-2 free or basally connate tepals, stamens 4-2, straight or inflexed and straightening gradually at anthesis; perianth of the flower pistillate tubular, 4-lobed to 4-dentate, stigma ligulate to capitate-peltate, ovule basal; fruit small, with a mucilaginous layer outside the tuberculate crustaceous endocarp; endosperm scarce or lacking (?), cotyledons rather flat, radicle relatively long. 40 TAXON VOLUME 27 Myrianthus Palisot de Beauvois A of 7 genus species in tropical Africa. Usually medium-sized trees or shrubs with stilt-roots lianas. or sometimes Leaves with a simple, entire and pinnately veined or with a lobed and palmately veined lamina, or the lamina compound, with 3-7 leaflets; stipules sometimes not fully amplexicaul; staminate inflores- cences repeatedly branched, bearing sessile flowers closely set on the ultimate dichotomies or down to more proximal dichotomies; perianth with 4(-3), free or basally connate tepals, stamens 4(-3), free or connate; pistillate inflorescences capitate; perianth tubular, 2-3-lobed, stigmas lingulate, ovule basal; fruit large, adnate to the enlarged fleshy perianth, endocarp woody; endosperm lacking, cotyledons thick, radicle short. Pourouma Aubler A of genus probably more than 50 species in tropical America. Small or medium-sized trees, often with stilt-roots; lamina entire or palmately incised, venation pinnate to palmate; inflorescences repeatedly branched, the pistillate sometimes subumbellate; flowers often ones staminate pedicellate and mostly more or less densely glomerate onthe ends of the ultimatedichotomies; perianth 4(-3)-lobed to 4(-3)-parted, stamens 4(-3), straight; pistillate flowers usually entire pedicellate; perianth tubular, to 4(-3)-lobed or 4(-3)-dentate, stigma (sub)peltate, ovule subbasal to almost lateral; fruit large, free from the enlarged, less fleshy perianth, endocarp more or woody; seed large, endosperm lacking, cotyledons thick, radicle short. The of the 6 genera Cecropiaceae are two by two very similar in their ecolo- and of fruit Most and gy, habit, characters the and seed. species of Coussapoa the of Poikilospermum are hemi-epiphytes, species Cecropia and Musanga are and of mostly pioneer plants, most species Pourouma and Myrianthus are small or medium-sized trees of the lower stories of more or less open and disturbed forests. Poikilospermum has been revised by Chew Wee-Lek, Card. Bull. Singapore 20: 1-104. 1963; Musanga and Myrianthus have been revised by de Ruiter, Bull. Jard. Bot. Belg. 46: 471-510. 1976. KEY TO THE GENERA OF THE CECROPIACEAE 1. Leaves peltate, their incisions and venation radial. 2. Both staminate and pistillate flowers in spikes arranged in digitate clusters enveloped by a spathe. Cecropia 2'. Staminate flowers in capitules on the ultimate dichotomies of branched inflorescences, the pistillate flowers in a more or less applanate spike. Musanga 1'. Leaves entire to (sub)palmate. 3. Fruits large (more than 1 cm long); terrestrial trees or shrubs. 4. Pistillate flowers sessile in a capitate inflorescence; staminate flowers sessile. Myrianthus 4'. Pistillate flowers pedicellate in branched (or subumbellate) inflore-
Recommended publications
  • TAXON:Trema Orientalis (L.) Blume SCORE:10.0 RATING

    TAXON:Trema Orientalis (L.) Blume SCORE:10.0 RATING

    TAXON: Trema orientalis (L.) Blume SCORE: 10.0 RATING: High Risk Taxon: Trema orientalis (L.) Blume Family: Cannabaceae Common Name(s): charcoal tree Synonym(s): Celtis guineensis Schumach. gunpowder tree Celtis orientalis L. peach cedar Trema guineensis (Schumach.) Ficalho poison peach Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 4 Mar 2020 WRA Score: 10.0 Designation: H(Hawai'i) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Tropical, Pioneer Tree, Weedy, Bird-Dispersed, Coppices Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed 401
  • Celtis Occidentalis

    Celtis Occidentalis

    Celtis occidentalis - American or Common Hackberry (Ulmaceae) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celtis occidentalis is a tough tree for urban or rural -lateral stems often die back a few inches to give a sites, growing rapidly to provide shade, windbreak, ragged appearance to the ends of branches and/or erosion control under stressful conditions. Trunk -light gray to gray-green FEATURES -very corky to warty ornamental bark, slowly Form becoming platy with age -large deciduous tree -often to 3' or more in diameter on old trees, with -maturing at 70' tall x significant basal flair 50' wide -wood is much stronger than Silver Maple (another -upright oval growth quick shade tree) habit in youth, quickly losing its central USAGE leader and becoming Function rounded to irregular in -shade tree (for highly stressed, poor soil, or wet soil habit with age sites where rapid growth is needed), deciduous -rapid growth rate windbreak, pioneer invader tree Culture Texture -full sun -medium texture overall in foliage and when bare -prefers moist soils but (fine-textured twigs, but bold and irregular branching is adaptable to many pattern) adverse conditions, -average density in foliage but thick when bare including wet or dry Assets sites and poor soils -urban tolerant (dry sites, soil compaction, pollution, -propagated primarily wind, heat, acid or alkaline soil tolerant), ornamental by seed but also by rooted stem cuttings or grafted bark, rapid growth, adaptable to wet
  • Inventario De Plantas En Los Jardines De La Posada San Andrés Unlimited

    Inventario De Plantas En Los Jardines De La Posada San Andrés Unlimited

    Inventario de Plantas en los Jardines de la Posada San Andrés Unlimited. 1) Palma de Coco. “Cocos nucifera”. Jardín Suroccidental al Lado del Coral Spring Waterfall Jacuzzi. El cocotero (Cocos nucifera), es una especie de palmeras de la familia Arecaceae. Es monotípica, siendo su única especie Cocos nucifera. Este género alguna vez tuvo muchas especies que fueron siendo independizadas de este género, algunas hacia el género Syagrus, taxonómicamente hablando, las especies más próximas son Jubaeopsis caffra de Sudáfrica y Voanioala gerardii de Madagascar. Crece unos 30 metros o más y su fruto es el coco. Es el árbol emblemático del estado Zulia (Venezuela). La planta puede encontrarse en la orilla de playas tropicales arenosas del Mar Caribe, Océano Índico y Pacífico. Cultivada se da en otras zonas de clima caliente. Normalmente pueden crecer desde el ecuador hasta los paralelos 28º de ambos hemisferios, con algunas excepciones como las Islas Bermudas y Madeira. Descripción: Las hojas de esta planta son de gran tamaño de hasta 3 m de largo y su fruto, el coco, es la semilla más grande que existe. El cocotero es una sola especie con múltiples variedades, diferenciadas básicamente por el color del fruto (amarillo o verde). Las plantas sólo presentan diferencias en el tallo. El rasgo común y característico de todas ellas es el sabor de fruto, cuya característica es que es agradable, dulce, carnoso y jugoso. Su importancia económica ha hecho que se empiece a cultivar en las playas tropicales, su lugar idóneo. Las flores del cocotero son poligamomonoecias, con las flores masculinas y femeninas en la misma inflorescencia.
  • Lacebark Elm Scientific Name: Ulmus Parvifolia Order

    Lacebark Elm Scientific Name: Ulmus Parvifolia Order

    Common Name: Lacebark Elm Scientific Name: Ulmus parvifolia Order: Urticales Family: Ulmaceae Description The leaf arrangement of the lacebark elm (also known as Chinese elm) is alternate. Each leaf is oval with a serrate margin. Typical leaf coloration is leathery green, with purple, red, and yellow in the fall. The tree grows to a height of 40 to 50 feet with a spread of 35 to 50 feet. The bark is thin, thus giving rise to its common name as the lacebark elm. The tree produces a hard and dry fruit that brown and typically less than .5 inches in length. The root system contains a number of large-diameter members located close to the surface, and can grow for a long distance from the trunk. Growth Habit Lacebark elm is deciduous, but has been known to be evergreen in the southern extent of its range. The trees typically have a single trunk, although some have split trunks. They typically grow to a mature height of over 10 – 12 feet. It produces a bloom from late summer to fall which is yellow to green in color. A fruit is set in the fall. Hardiness Zone(s) The USDA hardiness zones for this plant are 5B through 10A. Culture Lacebark elm has no demanding culture for its habitat, and is considered to be quite hardy. It grows well in part shade as well as full sun, and has a high drought tolerance. For habitats near ocean, it has a moderate air-borne salt tolerance. For soils, it tolerates nearly all types, from clay, to sand, to loam.
  • Polyploidy in Trema (Ulmaceae)

    Polyploidy in Trema (Ulmaceae)

    1971 341 Polyploidy in Trema (Ulmaceae) A. S. Hans1,2,3 Panjab University, Botany Department, Chandigarh 14, India ReceivedDecember 18, 1969 Introduction Trema Lour. belongs to Ulmaceae, a small family of trees and shrubs, encompassing 15 genera and about 150 species (Lawrence 1951) in tropics and subtropics of both the hemispheres. Trema is a small genus composed of 30 tropical species of which only three species constitute the Indian flora. The members of the Ulmaceae show variation in basic chromosome number. Celtis is polybasic with x=10, 11, and 14 (Darlington and Wylie 1955), while Ulmus, Holoptelea and Zelkovia exhibit a uniform base number of 14. A few instances of inter and intraspecific polyploidy in Celtis and Ulmus exist in nature. Celtis australias has been reported to be a tetraploid (2n=40), while C. laevigata, C. sinensis, and C. occidentalis are diploid, all with 2n=20 (Bowden 1945). The report of 2n=28 in C. occidentalis (Sax 1933) is suggestive of aneuploid races in the species. Most of the species of Ulmus are diploid except U. americana where in addition to the diploid race (Krause 1930), a tetraploid race is also known (Sax 1933). Artificial triploids and tetraploids have been raised in U. glabra by Ehrenberg (1945). The two chromosomally known species of Trema exhibit variable numbers. T. orientalis has been reported to have n=18 (Arora 1960) from Banglore and n=20 (Gajapathy 1961) from Madras in South India; T. politoria has n=10+B (Mehra and Gill). In view of the discordant reports on the chromosome number (n=18, 20) in Trema orientalis, the cytological study was undertaken to ratify the chromosome number, to assess the incidence of polyploidy, and if possible to determine the base number of this small genus.
  • The Castilleae, a Tribe of the Moraceae, Renamed and Redefined Due to the Exclusion of the Type Genus Olmedia From

    The Castilleae, a Tribe of the Moraceae, Renamed and Redefined Due to the Exclusion of the Type Genus Olmedia From

    Bot. Neerl. Ada 26(1), February 1977, p. 73-82, The Castilleae, a tribe of the Moraceae, renamed and redefined due to the exclusion of the type genus Olmedia from the “Olmedieae” C.C. Berg Instituut voor Systematische Plantkunde, Utrecht SUMMARY New data on in the of Moraceae which known cladoptosis group was up to now as the tribe Olmedieae led to a reconsideration ofthe position ofOlmedia, and Antiaropsis , Sparattosyce. The remainder ofthe tribe is redefined and is named Castilleae. 1. INTRODUCTION The monotypic genus Olmedia occupies an isolated position within the neo- tropical Olmedieae. Its staminate flowers have valvate tepals, inflexed stamens springing back elastically at anthesis, and sometimes well-developed pistil- lodes. Current anatomical research on the wood of Moraceae (by Dr. A. M. W. Mennega) and recent field studies (by the present author) revealed that Olmedia is also distinct in anatomical characters of the wood and because of the lack of self-pruning branches. These differences between Olmedia and the other representatives of the tribe demand for reconsideration of the position of the genus and the deliminationof the tribe. The Olmedia described The genus was by Ruiz & Pavon (1794). original description mentioned that the stamens bend outward elastically at anthesis. Nevertheless it was placed in the “Artocarpeae” (cf. Endlicher 1836-1840; Trecul 1847), whereas it should have been placed in the “Moreae” on ac- of of count the characters the stamens which were rather exclusively used for separating the two taxa. Remarkably Trecul (1847) in his careful study on the “Artocarpeae” disregarded the (described) features of the stamens.
  • Biogeography, Phylogeny and Divergence Date Estimates of Artocarpus (Moraceae)

    Biogeography, Phylogeny and Divergence Date Estimates of Artocarpus (Moraceae)

    Annals of Botany 119: 611–627, 2017 doi:10.1093/aob/mcw249, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org Out of Borneo: biogeography, phylogeny and divergence date estimates of Artocarpus (Moraceae) Evelyn W. Williams1,*, Elliot M. Gardner1,2, Robert Harris III2,†, Arunrat Chaveerach3, Joan T. Pereira4 and Nyree J. C. Zerega1,2,* 1Chicago Botanic Garden, Plant Science and Conservation, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, IL 60022, USA, 2Northwestern University, Plant Biology and Conservation Program, 2205 Tech Dr., Evanston, IL 60208, USA, 3Faculty of Science, Genetics Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/aob/article/119/4/611/2884288 by guest on 03 January 2021 and Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraphap Highway, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand and 4Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, PO Box 407, 90715 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia *For correspondence. E-mail [email protected], [email protected] †Present address: Carleton College, Biology Department, One North College St., Northfield, MN 55057, USA. Received: 25 March 2016 Returned for revision: 1 August 2016 Editorial decision: 3 November 2016 Published electronically: 10 January 2017 Background and Aims The breadfruit genus (Artocarpus, Moraceae) includes valuable underutilized fruit tree crops with a centre of diversity in Southeast Asia. It belongs to the monophyletic tribe Artocarpeae, whose only other members include two small neotropical genera. This study aimed to reconstruct the phylogeny, estimate diver- gence dates and infer ancestral ranges of Artocarpeae, especially Artocarpus, to better understand spatial and tem- poral evolutionary relationships and dispersal patterns in a geologically complex region. Methods To investigate the phylogeny and biogeography of Artocarpeae, this study used Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches to analyze DNA sequences from six plastid and two nuclear regions from 75% of Artocarpus species, both neotropical Artocarpeae genera, and members of all other Moraceae tribes.
  • The Systematic Wood Anatomy of the Moraceae (Urticales) V. Genera of the Tribe Moreae Without Urticaceous Stamens *

    The Systematic Wood Anatomy of the Moraceae (Urticales) V. Genera of the Tribe Moreae Without Urticaceous Stamens *

    IAWA Bulletin n.s., Vol. 7 (3),1986 175 THE SYSTEMATIC WOOD ANATOMY OF THE MORACEAE (URTICALES) V. GENERA OF THE TRIBE MOREAE WITHOUT URTICACEOUS STAMENS * by B.1. H. ter Welle, 1. Koek-Noorman and S. M. C. Topper Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 2, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands Summary The wood anatomy of the Moreae without based upon these characters, however (Berg, urticaceous stamens is described in detail. Ge­ 1983), is not in accordance with the tribes neric descriptions of the following genera are Moreae and Artocarpeae sensu Corner (1962). provided: Antiaropsis, Artocarpus, Bagassa, Ba­ Both Berg's and Corner's subdivisions deviate tocarpus, Clarisia, Parartocarpus, Poulsenia, from older classifications, as given by, for in­ Prainea, Sorocea, Sparattosyce, and Treculia. stance, Bentham and Hooker (1880) and Engler Wood anatomical variation below the genus (1888). level is very limited, except in the genus Clari­ The Moreae characterised by the absence of sia. Intergeneric variation, however, is much urticaceous stamens comprise the genera Antia­ more evident. Most genera can be recognised ropsis (New Guinea), Artocarpus (Southeast by the presence or absence of septate fibres, Asia), Bagassa (Neotropics), Batocarpus (Neo­ and of radial latex tubes, the size of the inter­ tropics), Clarisia (Neotropics), Hullettia (South­ vascular pits, the parenchyma distribution, and east Asia),Parartocarpus (Southeast Asia), Poul­ crystal distribution. The diagnostic and taxon­ senia (Neotropics), Prainea (Malesia), Sorocea omic value of several characters is discussed. (Neotropics), Sparattosyce (New Caledonia), Key words: Moraceae, Moreae, systematic wood and Treculia (Tropical Africa). anatomy. Methods and Materials In troduction The methods employed are those given in This paper is part of a series, in which the the first paper of this series (Koek-Noorman et wood anatomy of the Moraceae is described aI., 1984).
  • Classic Lacebark Elm

    Classic Lacebark Elm

    Athena ‘Emer I’ Classic Lacebark Elm Lineage Ulmus parvifolia (Chinese elm, Lacebark elm, Drake elm). Also known as ‘Emerald Isle’. PP7551 Introduced in 1989 (Dave’s Garden, 2011). Tree Form A medium-sized tree with a broad rounded canopy, often with a trunk that forks resulting in a vase shape similar to that of the American elm (Floridata, updated 11/18/2010). Tree size, leaf size and growth rate half of that of the American elm, and they are often planted as a single tree (Warren, 2000). Height: 30 to 40 feet Width: 35 to 45, up to 60 foot wide crown spread (Delmar Learning, undated; UConn, undated)) Foliage Dark green in summer, leathery, almost black; bronze to bronze-brown in fall (Cornell, undated). Leaves simple, 1 to 2 inches long, but half as wide. Ovate, margins rounded to serrate (Delmar Learning, undated). Late deciduous, almost evergreen in mild climates (Floridata, 2010). Culture NA Disease and Insect Information Literature (Dutch elm disease studies, insect resistance assessments, etc.): Resistant to Dutch Elm Disease (DED), phloem necrosis and Elm Leaf Beetles (Delmar Learning, undated). It resists DED and shows very good performance under dry conditions (UConn, undated). Completely immune to Gypsy Moth, and only 10% of the leaf tissue was consumed by Japanese Beetle, the lowest of all the asian elms tested in a no-choice study (Paluch et al., 2006). When the Japanese Beetles were given a choice of species they did not feed on the U. parvifolia at all (Paluch et al., 2006). In an earlier similar study, U. parvifolia was the most resistant of all cultivars and hybrids to the Japanese Beetle (Miller et al., 1999).
  • Flora Malesiana Precursor for the Treatment of Moraceae 8: Other Genera Than Ficus

    Flora Malesiana Precursor for the Treatment of Moraceae 8: Other Genera Than Ficus

    BLUMEA 50: 535 –550 Published on 14 December 2005 http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651905X622815 FLORA MALESIANA PRECURSOR FOR THE TREATMENT OF MORACEAE 8: OTHER GENERA THAN FICUS C.C. BERG Bergen Museum, University of Bergen, Allégate 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway; Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Leiden branch, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. SUMMARY The tribe Artocarpeae is redefined, the tribe Soroceae is established by change of rank, and as a consequence a new tribe Antiaropsidae is established. Moreover, a new species Antiaropsis uniflora C.C. Berg is described. In Artocarpus a new species is described, A. albobrunneus C.C. Berg, one subspecies is raised to the rank of species, A. brevipedunculatus (F.M. Jarrett) C.C. Berg, and new subspecies are described in several species, A. longifolius Becc. subsp. adpressus C.C. Berg, A. teijs- mannii Miq. subsp. subglabrus C.C. Berg. In Prainea, P. papuana is reduced to a subspecies, P. limpato (Miq.) K. Heyne subsp. papuana (Becc.) C.C. Berg. In Streblus the sections Pseudomorus (Bureau) Corner and Taxotrophis (Blume) Corner are reinstated, S. urophyllus is reduced to a subspecies, S. glaber (Merr.) Corner subsp. urophyllus (Diels) C.C. Berg, in S. streblus var. australianus is raised to S. glaber subsp. australianus (C.T. White) C.C. Berg, and S. celebensis C.C. Berg is described as a new species. Key words: Moraceae, Artocarpeae, Antiaropsis, Artocarpus, Prainea, Streblus, Malesia. INTRODUCTION A precursory study on Moraceae focussed on its classification and the Asian repre- sentatives was published by Corner in 1962. It was preceded by a monographic study on Artocarpus and allied genera by Jarrett (1959a, b, c, 1960a, b).
  • Ulmus Alata Winged Elm1 Edward F

    Ulmus Alata Winged Elm1 Edward F

    Fact Sheet ST-648 October 1994 Ulmus alata Winged Elm1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 INTRODUCTION Usually seen at 40 to 50 feet high, Winged Elm can reach 90 feet in height in the woods with a 30 to 40-foot spread (Fig. 1). Canopy form is variable from pyramidal to vase or rounded. A North American native, this fast-growing deciduous tree is quickly identified by the corky, winglike projections which appear on opposite sides of twigs and branches. Branches rise through the crown, then bend in a sweeping manner toward the ground. The size of the wings varies greatly from one tree to another. Because it is found growing in wet sites as well as dry, rocky ridges it is a very adaptable tree for urban planting. GENERAL INFORMATION Scientific name: Ulmus alata Pronunciation: UL-mus uh-LAY-tuh Common name(s): Winged Elm Family: Ulmaceae USDA hardiness zones: 6 through 9 (Fig. 2) Figure 1. Young Winged Elm. Origin: native to North America Uses: large parking lot islands (> 200 square feet in and/or drought are common size); wide tree lawns (>6 feet wide); medium-sized Availability: somewhat available, may have to go out parking lot islands (100-200 square feet in size); of the region to find the tree medium-sized tree lawns (4-6 feet wide); recommended for buffer strips around parking lots or DESCRIPTION for median strip plantings in the highway; reclamation plant; shade tree; small parking lot islands (< 100 Height: 45 to 70 feet square feet in size); narrow tree lawns (3-4 feet wide); Spread: 30 to 40 feet specimen; sidewalk cutout (tree pit); residential street Crown uniformity: irregular outline or silhouette tree; tree has been successfully grown in urban areas Crown shape: oval; pyramidal; upright; vase shape where air pollution, poor drainage, compacted soil, 1.
  • Pharmacognostical and Analytical Analysis of Artocarpus Hirsutus Lam

    Pharmacognostical and Analytical Analysis of Artocarpus Hirsutus Lam

    INTERNATIONAL AYURVEDIC MEDICAL JOURNAL International Ayurvedic Medical Journal, (ISSN:2320 5091) (February, 2107) 5 (2) PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND ANALYTICAL ANALYSIS OF ARTOCARPUS HIR- SUTUS LAM.-A FOLK PLANT Ankita1, Hebbar S. Chaithra2, S. Ravikrishna3, Prabhu Suchitra N 1,3Final Year P.G.Scholar, 2Associate Professor, Department of P.G. Studies in Dravyaguna S.D.M. College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India 4M. Pharm, Research Officer, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Centre For Research S.D.M. College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Plants–the basis for life on earth– have been widely used as a source of medicine by man since ancient times. Most of the people depending on traditional medicine live in developing countries and they rely mainly on traditional herbal medicine to meet their primary healthcare needs. The Indian region is very rich in ethnobotanical heritage due to its rich cultural diversity. Over 16,000 species of higher plants occur in India, of which approximately 9,000 are known to be economically useful. Of these, 7500 are used for healthcare by various ethnic communities in India. Artocarpus hirsutus Lam.is one such folk plant which belongs to family moraceae and is being used by the traditional people to attain health benefits. It is highly used by the people of southern India as it is available in southern India. It is plant which has both economical as well as medicinal benefits as its wood is considered to be equal to that of timber and folk people use its leaf, seed, stem, bark for treatment. There is no documentation in Ayurvedic text as it is an extra pharmaco peal drug.