Begin Video Clip
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
C-SPAN FIRST LADIES/JACQUELINE KENNEDY May 09, 2014 9:56 a.m. ET (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) JACQUELINE KENNEDY: And I think every first lady should do something in this position to help the things she cares about. I just think that everything in the White House should be the best -- the entertainment that's given here. The art of children is the same the world over. And so, of course, is our feeling for children. I think it is good in a world where there's quite enough to divide people, that we should cherish the language and emotion that unite us all. (END VIDEO CLIP) SUSAN SWAIN: Jacqueline Kennedy's 1,000 days as first lady were defined by images -- political spouse, young mother, fashion icon, advocate for the arts. As television came of age, it was ultimately the tragic images of President Kennedy's assassination and funeral that cemented Jacqueline Kennedy in the public consciousness. Good evening and welcome to C-SPAN's series "First Ladies: Influence and Image.” Tonight, we'll tell you the story of the wife of the 35th president of the United States, named Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy. And we have two guests at the table for the next two hours to tell you more about her life story. Michael Beschloss, presidential historian, author of many books on the presidency, and has a special focus over the years on the Cold War era and the Kennedy administration. Thanks for being here. MICHAEL BESCHLOSS: Pleasure. SWAIN: Barbara Perry is a UVA political scientist and as part of the "Modern First Ladies" series at the University of Kansas has written a Jacqueline Kennedy biography. Nice to see you. PERRY: Great to be here. SWAIN: I want to start on our program before we get into more details about her White House years, with the assassination and the imagery of the assassination since anyone alive at that age certainly has those images seared in their mind. And subsequently because of the power of the Internet -- in the video we were talking before about, it's a collective consciousness. People have experienced this since it happened. She was just 34 years old, is that correct? BESCHLOSS: Just 34 years old. And, you know, from the moment at Dallas, you know, I think we know so much about this story, you sometimes forget he was shot, in fact into her arms for five minutes they were going to the hospital. He was there with sightless eyes. And she felt almost from the moment that they left the hospital to go back to Washington that her great mission had to be to do something to make sure that he had the historical reputation that he deserved, but would not be there to fight for. SWAIN: But where did a 34-year-old woman have the sense to -- and the experience -- what did she draw from to put this funeral with so many iconic images together in such a short time? BESCHLOSS: She once said when she was a young women and she said this somewhat jokingly, "My ambition in life is to be the art director of the 20th century.” And oddly enough, she almost turned out to be that, at least for the Kennedy administration. And she felt that one thing that would be very important for his legacy would be, as horrible as Dallas was, to sort of wipe out the view of that and restore the American people's dignity by having three or four days of ceremony that she hoped would be what they remembered, rather than the tawdriness of what had happened in Texas. SWAIN: Barbara Perry, unfortunately, as we've gone through the first ladies, this is not our first presidential assassination and presidential widow. But it's the first one really in the television age. As a political scientist, you talk about the power of television to affect the public view. How did it play out in this case? PERRY: Well, certainly for the funeral, she knew that she wanted to go back to the Lincoln rites -- the funeral rites for Abraham Lincoln, our first assassinated president. And that is indeed what she did. She asked her brother-in-law and she asked the president's various friends and aides to come -- come to her aid and to find books on the Lincoln funeral. And they did. And then all of this played out on television. So, I always like to point out that when Eisenhower was first elected in 1952, about 20 percent of American households had television sets. And by this time in 1963, probably 90 to 95 percent had televisions. And I'm sure like Michael and perhaps you as well, I can remember sitting in our family's living room on that night of November 22, 1963 and seeing Mrs. Kennedy walk out of Air Force One behind her husband's casket. And I think I can remember my parents and my two older brothers gasping to see Mrs. Kennedy in her bloodstained suit. BESCHLOSS: Right. And she -- we now know that what she was saying to people, Lady Bird Johnson on that plane said, "Please, Jackie, let me get someone to help you change your clothes.” She said, "No, I want people to see what they have done to Jack." SWAIN: Understood the power of that imagery. BESCHLOSS: Yes. SWAIN: We will have two hours for your questions and comments. And to tell you with video clips, audio clips, and your conversation, the story of Jacqueline Kennedy. What's made this series so interesting, really, is the questions that you ask, and we'd like to encourage you to take part once again tonight. There are three ways you can do it. You can tweet us at first ladies; you can post a comment on our Facebook page and there's a conversation already underway with a number of questions; and you can also call us. Our numbers are 202-585-3880 if you live in the Eastern or Central time zones; Mountain, Pacific and farther west, 202-585-3881. And we'll get to your calls in just a bit. I'd like to start with a phone conversation with President Johnson. I'm going to ask you to explain about Johnson's phone conversations and why we have them before we listen. What did he do in the White House... (CROSSTALK) BESCHLOSS: He taped his telephone conversations, as Eisenhower and Roosevelt had a little bit and as Kennedy had a little bit more, but Johnson about 650 hours over five years. And taped people in most cases without their knowledge, which would include Jacqueline Kennedy, whom at that point she had a very good relationship more or less with LBJ. But I think she would not have been too thrilled to know that he was having this call taped. SWAIN: This is a phone conversation from just 10 days after the death of her husband, Jacqueline Kennedy and the new president, Lyndon Johnson. Let's listen. (BEGIN AUDIO CLIP) PRESIDENT LYNDON B. JOHNSON: Listen, (Lady), now the first thing you've got to learn, you've got some things to learn. And one of them is that you don't bother me. You give me strength. JACQUELINE KENNEDY: But I wasn't going to send you one more letter. I was just scared you'd answer it. PRESIDENT JOHNSON: Don't send me anything. Don't send me anything. You just come over and put your arm around me. That's all you do. When you haven't got anything else to do, let's take a walk. Let's walk around the backyard and just let me -- let me tell you how much you mean to all of us and how we can carry on if you give us a little strength. JACQUELINE KENNEDY: But you know what I want to say to you about that letter? I know how rare a letter is in a president's handwriting. Do you know that I've got more in your handwriting than I do in Jack's now? PRESIDENT JOHNSON: (inaudible). JACQUELINE KENNEDY: And for you to write it at this time and then send me that thing today of, you know, your (tape) announcement and everything. PRESIDENT JOHNSON: I want you to just know this, that I told my mama a long time ago, when everybody else gave up about my election in '48... JACQUELINE KENNEDY: Yes? PRESIDENT JOHNSON: ... my mother and my wife and my sisters, and you females got a lot of courage that we men don't have. And so we have to rely on you and depend on you, and you've got something to do. You've got the president relying on you. And this is not the first one you've had. So there are not many women, you know, with a good many presidents. So you just -- you just bear that in mind that you've got the biggest job in your life. (LAUGHTER) JACQUELINE KENNEDY: She ran around with two presidents. That's what they'll say about me. (LAUGHTER) OK. Any time. PRESIDENT JOHNSON: Good-bye, darling. JACQUELINE KENNEDY: Thank you for calling, Mr. President. Good-bye. PRESIDENT JOHNSON: Do come back. JACQUELINE KENNEDY: I will. (END AUDIO CLIP) SWAIN: Barbara Perry, this relationship between LBJ and President Kennedy was not always the easiest of relationships. But after his assassination, how did he treat the departing first family and Jackie Kennedy in particular? PERRY: Oh, very well.