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Los Dibujos Originales De Los Palacios De La Alhambra De 76-99 GAMIZ-CABEZOS Ega 20 17/7/12 14:13 Página 76 76 LOS DIBUJOS ORIGINALES Entre las más bellas imágenes de la John Frederick Lewis, a young DE LOS PALACIOS DE LA historia gráfica de la Alhambra se artist and a master of line drawing, ALHAMBRA DE J. F. LEWIS encuentran las vistas del joven painted some works considered (h. 1832-33) pintor John Frederick Lewis, un among the most beautiful images verdadero poeta del dibujo a línea, of the Alhambra in all its graphic J. F. LEWIS’S ORIGINAL publicadas en 1835 como litografías history. These drawings, most of DRAWINGS OF THE y en su mayor parte dedicadas a los them devoted to the Nasrid ALHAMBRA PALACES palacios nazaríes. Aquí se aportan palaces, were published in 1835 as algunos de sus precisos y poco lithographs. The present study (1832-33) conocidos originales realizados shows some of Lewis’s precise hacia 1832-33, hoy dispersos en originals, not widely known, made Antonio Gámiz Gordo museos o colecciones particulares, around 1832-33. These drawings, que tienen gran valor documental nowadays scattered across para conocer y dar a conocer un museums or private collections, monumento considerado Patrimonio possess a great documentary de la Humanidad. Para su mejor value regarding this monument comprensión se analiza el contexto listed as world cultural heritage. en el que se produjeron, Lewis’s friendship with other considerando las relaciones de artists of the period who also took Lewis con destacados dibujantes de interest in the Alhambra has also la Alhambra en esas fechas: con el been analyzed; his relationship pintor David Roberts, y with painter David Roberts, and especialmente con Richard Ford y su especially with Richard Ford and esposa Harriet Ford. his wife Harriet. Palabras clave: John Frederick Keywords: John Frederick Lewis; Lewis; Alhambra; Granada; Alhambra; Granada; architecture; arquitectura; palacios nazaríes; nasrid palaces; views; drawings; vistas; dibujo; litografía; pintor; lithography; painter; traveller; viajero; David Roberts; Richard David Roberts; Richard Ford; Ford; Harriet Ford Harriet Ford 76-99 GAMIZ-CABEZOS Ega 20 17/7/12 14:13 Página 77 expresión gráfica arquitectónica 0. Portada de la publicación de John F. Lewis, Sket- ches and Drawings of the Alhambra, 1835. Colección Carlos Sánchez Gómez. 0. John F. Lewis’s Sketches and Drawings of the Al- hambra, 1835. Publication cover. Colección Carlos Sánchez Gómez. La Alhambra de Granada es un mo- The Alhambra in Granada is a monument with a 77 numento que cuenta con una vida grá- peculiar, deep graphic history. The original plans fica muy singular e intensa. No se co- of this impressive example of Nasrid architecture are not preserved, but nowadays a vast legacy of nocen los dibujos que sin duda images is preserved thanks to the works of debieron usarse para concebir y ejecu- diverse artists, architects, and travelers who, tar su admirable arquitectura nazarí; since Christian eras, long before photography pero hoy podemos disfrutar de un existed, tried to understand, represent and spread enorme legado gráfico debido a muy the magic behind the Alhambra architecture. diversos personajes, artistas, arquitec- In this sense, the 19th century was particularly fruitful, and around 1830-40, the place was tos o viajeros que en tiempos cristia- visited by excellent artists such as Ford, Roberts, nos, y con anterioridad a la aparición Lewis, Vivian, and Jones from England, or de la fotografía, trataron de compren- Prangey and Chapuy from France. All of them der, dibujar y dar a conocer la magia interpreted the Alhambra architecture in different de sus espacios arquitectónicos. ways, creating some of the most marvelous views En este sentido, el siglo XIX fue es- of this monument. pecialmente fecundo y hacia los años Among all these artists excels the figure of Frederick Lewis. He was a master of line drawing 1830-40 concurrieron en la Alhambra and an accomplished artist who became a excelentes dibujantes ingleses (Ford, reputable orientalist painter, and his work is Roberts, Lewis, Vivian, Jones) y fran- nowadays exhibited in museums around the ceses (Prangey, Chapuy) que interpre- world. When he was 28 he travelled to Spain for taron su arquitectura con variados ma- the first time, and remained there between 1832 tices, acometiendo las más bellas vistas and 1834, visiting the Alhambra twice. In 1835 he 0 en la historia gráfica del monumento. published in London twenty-six exquisite lithographs, under the title “Sketches and Entre dichos personajes destaca John Drawings of the Alhambra” (Lewis, JF 1835). This Frederick Lewis, un verdadero poeta work, mostly devoted to the palace architecture, del dibujo a línea y un virtuoso pin- brought him large fame. tor de escenas con personajes que al- la Alhambra” de Washington Irving. Those images reflect the decadence of a canzaría gran prestigio como pintor Debido a dicha circunstancia las vistas monument whose oriental essences would be orientalista, cuya obra se encuentra hoy sobre arquitectura, ciudad y paisaje de rediscovered by the Western world through en museos de todo el mundo. Con 28 Lewis, junto a las de otros dibujantes drawings but also through Romantic writings such as Washington Irving’s Tales of the Alhambra. This años emprendió su viaje por España, citados hacia 1830-40, han sido califi- historical fact led the critics to consider the work donde permaneció entre 1832 y 1834, cadas como románticas o incluso fan- of Lewis and other mentioned artists circa 1830- visitando la Alhambra en dos ocasio- tasiosas, atendiendo al contexto litera- 40, as Romantic or even fantastic, without graphic nes. En 1835 publicó en Londres 26 rio de la época, pero sin un riguroso rigour far beyond the literary context of the period. exquisitas litografías que le darían me- análisis gráfico. No debe olvidarse que However, it should be mentioned that all of them recida fama, con el título “Sketches and casi todas plasmaron con gran rigor y captured with great precision and accuracy the landscape and architecture of the Alhambra, Drawings of the Alhambra” (Lewis, JF precisión el paisaje y la arquitectura de constituting a graphic testimony of great 1835) en su mayor parte dedicadas a la Alhambra, constituyendo un testi- documental value which helped to spread and su arquitectura palaciega (fig. 0). monio gráfico de enorme valor docu- know the value of a monument nowadays Dichas imágenes reflejan el estado mental para conocer y dar a conocer considered world heritage of humankind (figure 1). de abandono de un monumento cuyas más allá de nuestras fronteras un mo- The author of Lewis’s biography, a descendant of esencias orientales serían redescubier- numento hoy considerado Patrimonio the painter, mentions a letter describing the tas para el mundo occidental desde el de la Humanidad (fig. 1). existence of around 300 drawings of Spanish themes made by Lewis, and also around 250 dibujo y al mismo tiempo desde episo- El autor de la biografía de Lewis, des- watercolours including figures, portraits, and dios literarios de diversos autores ro- cendiente del pintor, cita una carta en numerous scenes. Many of them are reviewed in mánticos de aquel tiempo, entre los que la que se mencionan unos 300 dibujos the attached catalogue (Lewis M., 1978, 15, 18, cabe recordar los famosos “Cuentos de de Lewis sobre España y por otra par- 65-75). Those illustrations formed part of another 76-99 GAMIZ-CABEZOS Ega 20 17/7/12 14:13 Página 78 1. John F. Lewis: Entrada a la Sala de las Dos Her- 2. John F. Lewis: Interior de la Torre de las Infantas, manas [1833]. Colección Familia Ford. 19 sept. 1833. Colección Familia Ford. 1. John F. Lewis’s Entrance to the Sala de las Dos 2. John F. Lewis’s Interior of the Torre de las Hermanas [1833]. Ford Family Collection. Infantas, 19th Sept. 1833. Ford Family Collection. 78 fine publication of 26 lithographs, “Sketches of Spain and Spanish Character” (Lewis, J.F. 1836) of Spanish folk archetypes and views of Seville, Madrid, Ronda, Toledo, Gibraltar, Gaucín, Cordoba, and Granada. Lewis’ biographer estimates that the painter could have finished around thirty landscape views and fifty illustrations upon the Nasrid palaces. However, this author does not justify his consideration, and in fact the attached catalogue refers only to the twenty-six originals (eight landscapes and eighteen palace views) most of them coinciding with the later lithographs. The aforementioned originals can be found in different museums, such as the British Museum in London, the Museum and Art Gallery, in Bolton, the Ashmoleam Museum in Oxford, the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge; but also in private collections and international auction companies such as Christie’s. Nowadays, new originals by Lewis continue to appear, such as an exquisite view of the Alhambra Aljibes recently acquired by the Patronato de la Alhambra. Nevertheless, given that the analysis of the 1 aforementioned views with respect to the architecture represented surpasses the aim of this study, the present article focuses on the context in which those drawings were produced, and includes some original works which are little te habla de unas 250 acuarelas con es- william Museum, Cambridge…) en co- known or unpublished (figure 2). The complex tudios de figuras y retratos, animales, lecciones privadas o en casas de subas- relationship that involved Lewis and the young más numerosas escenas, muchas rese- tas de arte (Christie’s). En nuestros días painter David Roberts, and especially with the artists Richard Ford and his wife, are crucial to ñadas en el catálogo adjunto (Lewis, M siguen apareciendo nuevos originales de understand Lewis’s interest in these types of 1978, p. 15, 18, 65-75). Éstas darían Lewis, como una bella vista de los Al- drawings depicting the palace architecture of the lugar a otra bella publicación con 26 li- jibes de la Alhambra adquirida por el Alhambra.
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