DOCSLIB.ORG

1050 GR Ondrugdelivery Issue 49

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1050 GR Ondrugdelivery Issue 49 TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY: INTERVIEW: DESIGNING AN A NEW SOURCE FOR PATRICK ALEXANDRE, CEO, ULTRASOUND-ENABLED P04 BIOPHARMA INNOVATION P18 CROSSJECT P22 INSULIN PATCH TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY, MICRONEEDLES & NEEDLE-FREE INJECTION 49 O TM ISSUE N • 2014 2014 TH MAY 16 MAY Contents ONdrugDelivery Issue No 49, May 16th, 2014 Transdermal Delivery, Microneedles CONTENTS & Needle-Free Injection This edition is one in the ONdrugDelivery series of publications from Frederick Furness Publishing. Each Introduction: Skin in the Game: issue focuses on a specific topic within the field of Transdermal Delivery as a New Source for drug delivery, and is supported by industry leaders BioPharma Innovation in that field. 04 - 06 Dr Kevin Pang, Research Director EDITORIAL CALENDAR 2014/15 Lux Research May: Pulmonary & Nasal Drug Delivery Overview: Transdermal Delivery Device Design May/June: Injectable Drug Delivery: Devices Focus Bruce K Redding, Jr, President & CEO June: Injectable Drug Delivery: 08 - 09 Transdermal Specialties, Inc Pharmaceutics Focus July: Novel Oral Delivery Systems Your Solution for Successful Sep: Drug Formulation & Delivery Solutions Intradermal Delivery & Services Dr Paul Vescovo, Project Manager, Oct: Prefilled Syringes 10 - 14 and Dr Laurent-Dominique Piveteau, Nov: Pulmonary & Nasal Drug Delivery Chief Operating Officer Dec: Delivering Biotherapeutics Debiotech SA Jan: Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Feb: Prefilled Syringes Dermal Delivery of Biologics Dr Richard Toon, SUBSCRIPTIONS: 16 - 17 Technical and Business Development Manager To arrange your FREE subscription (pdf or print) Nemaura Pharma Limited to ONdrugDelivery Magazine: E: [email protected] 18 - 19 Interview: Patrick Alexandre, Crossject SA SPONSORSHIP/ADVERTISING: Contact: Guy Furness, Proprietor & Publisher T: +44 (0) 1273 78 24 24 21 Company Profile: Crossject SA E: [email protected] Designing an Ultrasound-Enabled Patch MAILING ADDRESS: for Insulin Frederick Furness Publishing Ltd 22 - 26 Bruce K Redding, Jr, President & CEO The Candlemakers, West Street, Lewes, Transdermal Specialties, Inc East Sussex, BN7 2NZ, United Kingdom Novel Transdermal Delivery Systems ONdrugDelivery Magazine is published by for Treatment of Diabetes Frederick Furness Publishing Ltd. Registered Office: The Candlemakers, West Street, Lewes, 28 - 30 Dr Alan Smith, Vice-President, East Sussex, BN7 2NZ, United Kingdom. Clinical, Regulatory & Operations Registered in England: No 8348388. 4P Therapeutics VAT Registration No: GB 153 0432 49. ISSN 2049-145X print ISSN 2049-1468 pdf Copyright © 2014 Frederick Furness Publishing Ltd All rights reserved The views and opinions expressed in this issue are those of the authors. Due care has been used in producing this publication, but the publisher makes no claim that it is free of error. Nor does the publisher accept liability for the consequences of any decision or action taken (or not taken) as a result of any information contained in this publication. 2 www.ondrugdelivery.com Copyright © 2014 Frederick Furness Publishing Ltd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ntroduction INTRODUCTION SKIN IN THE GAME: TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY AS A NEW SOURCE FOR BIOPHARMA INNOVATION By Kevin Pang, PhD, MBA Transdermal delivery technologies, despite a new fifth generation of devices and a new great promise, have thus far failed to live source of delivery innovation for biopharma up to their potential as powerful delivery companies and patients (Figure 1). devices for the sustained and controllable Current or fourth-generation platform delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredi- technologies use active or electronic deliv- ents (APIs). Although an almost-30-year-old ery, e.g. Nupathe’s (now Teva) iontopho- platform technology, today only about 16 retic sumatriptan patch. The combination of drugs are actively on market for delivery via active delivery with advanced formulation for enhanced skin penetration constitutes our definition of a fifth-generation platform. “If we assume that only The unique strength of 20% are US FDA- and/or EU EMA- transdermal patch delivery is approved over the next the ability to deliver constant regulated levels of API for the 2-3 years, then we can expect treatment of chronic condi- to see at least 16 new transdermal tions. Treatment of neurologi- patch products come to market” cal diseases and conditions like Parkinson’s disease, depression and pain are extremely well suited to this unique strength, transdermal patches. Hurdles to adoption avoiding the typical peak and trough phe- range from cultural and consumer prefer- nomena experienced with oral solids (Figure ences, to drug abuse problems, to limited 2) as well as first-pass clearance for greater API application due to solubility and pen- sustained bioavailability. An example of this etration issues. is Nupathe’s 2013 US FDA-approved ion- However, we believe that this is about tophoretic sumatriptan delivery patch for to change in a big way. The convergence of migraine, prompting Teva Pharmaceuticals advanced formulation technologies, com- to quickly purchase the company for its bat- bined with printed electronics, will transform tery powered transdermal patch franchise the adhesive transdermal patch platform into and technology platform. Dr Kevin Pang Research Director Poultices Reservoir driven Matrix Active delivery Active Lux Research and plasters patches embedded APIs + Formulation Contact: Carole Jacques Gen 1 Gen 2 Gen 3 Gen 4 Gen 5 Director of Marketing & Client Services T: +1 617 502 5314 E: [email protected] Lux Research, Inc Ciondine, Estradiol,1986Fentanyl, 1986Nicotine, 1990 1991 234 Congress St., 5th Floor Rotigotine, 2007 Scopolamine, 1979 Rivastigmine, 2007Sumatriptan, 2013 Boston, MA 02110 Nitroglycerine, 1981 Methylphenidate, 2006 United States Figure 1: A brief and compressed history of transdermal delivery. www.luxresearchinc.com 4 www.ondrugdelivery.com Copyright © 2014 Frederick Furness Publishing Ltd Introduction Yesterday Today Tomorrow Peak-Through Dosing Zero order Programmable, Electronics enables much more con- constant delivery adaptive delivery stant and dose effective delivery today. Increasing sophistication and application Figure 2: Transitioning into increasingly sophisticated delivery paradigms. of software, algorithms, sensor incorpora- tion, web and analytics, along with increas- than half for nervous disorders, pain man- We predict that combining active electronic ingly effective at-will skin penetration and agement, and behaviour modification such delivery with advanced formulation will pro- delivery, will drive personalised and adap- as drug and smoking cessation (see Figure 3). vide unprecedented innovation by expanding tive drug delivery. One of the major barriers to skin-based the size range of deliverable APIs, and efficacy The promise of thin, flexible, printed delivery is the low permeability of skin of delivery of APIs, greater bioavailability, and circuits and batteries layered on top of that makes it difficult to deliver molecules controlled release that is not just chemical and the transdermal platform is the increasing potential capability to titrate and customise drug delivery, in effect, personalising drug delivery tied to an individual’s metabolism “We predict that combining active electronic and disease state. Further convergence and delivery with advanced formulation will provide application of advanced microfluidics, sen- unprecedented innovation by expanding the size range sors, and web-based analytics will enable the eventual build of powerful biofeedback of deliverable APIs, and effi cacy of delivery of APIs, loops for even more exquisite near real-time greater bioavailability, and controlled release that is modulation. At the same time, innovators not just chemical and thermodynamically derived, but in the sector will push the miniaturisation frontier, resulting in increasing ergonomics electronically enhanced and programmed per individual” and comfort, and lower the development and production cost curves. As a result, we believe transdermal drug greater than 500 Da in size. Figure 4 details thermodynamically derived, but electronically delivery is in the midst of experiencing a a few examples of companies that are work- enhanced and programmed per individual. renaissance in development and application ing on advanced formulation to enhance Fifth-generation transdermal delivery should as part of the armamentarium of intelligently delivery, not just of small molecules, but not only open up more effective and effica- and co-ordinately dealing with multiple med- even biologics of 106 Da or greater in size, cious ways to deliver drugs to patients, but ication management. Advances in micro- and as either biological drugs or vaccines. Many also provide new forms of intellectual property nano-needle technology (e.g. Micropoint); are working on enhanced large molecule extension for biopharma companies. the use of ultrasound (e.g., Transdermal delivery, including biomolecules such as To provide an example of how big Specialties),
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7.427.405 B2 Agrawal Et Al
    USOO7427405B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7.427.405 B2 Agrawal et al. (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 23, 2008 (54) IMMUNOSTIMULATORY Tokunaga et al., “Antitumor Activity of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Frac OLGONUCLEOTDE MULTIMERS tion from Mycobaterium bovis BCG. I. Isolation. Physicochemical Characterization, and Antitumor Activity”. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 72: (75) Inventors: Sudhir Agrawal, Shrewsbury, MA (US); 955-962(1984). Pisetsky et al., “Stimulation of in vitro proliferation of murine lym Ekambar Kandimala, Southboro, MA phocytes by synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides'. Molecular Biology (US); Dong Yu, Westboro, MA (US) Reports 18:217-221 (1993). Krieg et al., “CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell (73) Assignee: Idera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., activation”, Nature 374: 546-549 (1995). Cambridge, MA (US) Sato et al., “Immunostimulatory DNA Sequence Necessary for Effective Intradermal Gene Immunization', Science 273: 352-354 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this (1996). patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Krieg et al., “CpG Motifs in Bacterial DNA and their Immune U.S.C. 154(b) by 209 days. Effects”, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 20: 709-760 (2002). Dalpke et al., “Immunopharmacology of CpG DNA'. Biol. Chem. (21) Appl. No.: 11/174,282 383: 1491-1500 (2002). Kandimala et al., “Towards Optimal Design of Second-Generation (22) Filed: Jul. 1, 2005 Immunomodulatory Oligonucleotides'. Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. 4(2): 122-129 (2002). (65) Prior Publication Data Kandimala et al., “Immunomers-novel 3'-3'-Linked CpG Oligodeoxyribonucleotides as Potent Immunomodulatory Agents'. US 2006/OO19919 A1 Jan. 26, 2006 Nucleic Acids Res. 30: 4460-4469 (2002). Kandimala et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery 6 (2019) 98E102
    Journal of Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery 6 (2019) 98e102 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jajs Comparative evaluation of periarticular infiltration of two cocktail regimens for analgesia in post-operative patients of total knee replacement * V.K. Gautam a, Ajeet Kumar a, Munisha Agarwal b, Bushu Harna a, , Rishabh Saini a, Siddharth Sharma a, Dhananjaya Sabat a a Dept. of Orthopaedics, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India b Dept. of Anaesthesia, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India article info abstract Article history: Purpose: To compare the efficacy of two periarticular cocktail regimens for analgesia in postoperative Received 30 April 2018 patients of total knee replacement. Received in revised form Method: This is a Randomized Control study done over the duration of 1.5 years. Twenty-five knees of 28 October 2018 either gender were selected with inclusion criteria (All osteoarthritis patients planned for TKA) and Accepted 9 November 2018 exclusion criteria (Inflammatory arthritis, patients allergic to local anaesthetic e.g. Ropivacaine, bupi- Available online 19 November 2018 vacaine, known cardiac disorder patient having AV block, arrhythmia) & divided into 2 groups. Group A was given a cocktail of Ropivacaine, adrenaline, clonidine & cefuroxime. Keywords: & Periarticular Group B was given a cocktail of bupivacaine, fentanyl, methylprednisolone cefuroxime. The preoper- Multimodal approach ative pain of the patient was assessed using VAS score. Combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia was Perioperative analgesia given using 0.5% 2 ml of bupivacaine heavy in all patients. After taking bone cuts & before the placement Corticosteroids of the implant, cocktail of the drug was infiltrated using sterile technique into 9 specific sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Adverse Effects of Xenogenic Scaffolding in the Context of A
    Lamas et al. Trials (2019) 20:387 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-019-3504-3 RESEARCH Open Access Adverse effects of xenogenic scaffolding in the context of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study for repairing full- thickness rotator cuff tears José Ramón Lamas1†, Carlos García-Fernández2, Pilar Tornero-Esteban1, Yaiza Lópiz2, Luis Rodriguez-Rodriguez1, Luis Ortega3, Benjamín Fernández-Gutiérrez1*† and Fernando Marco2† Abstract Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the safety and efficacy of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) embedded in a xenogenic scaffold for repairing the supraspinatus tendon. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial evaluating patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears (Eudra-CT, 2007–007630-19). Effectiveness was evaluated using the Constant score and a visual analogue pain scale (VAS). Constant score has four domains including pain (15 possible points), activities of daily living (20 possible points), mobility (40 possible points), and strength (25 possible points). Scores range from 0 points (most disability) to 100 points (least disability). The structural integrity of the repaired tendon was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) according to Patte and Thomazeau classification criteria. The primary study end point was an improvement in the Constant score by 20 points at one year compared to initial assessment. Results: The trial was stopped due to adverse effects observed in both groups. Only thirteen patients were included and analyzed. The Constant questionnaire showed a significant improvement in the MSC treatment group compared with the preoperative data (p = 0.0073). Secondary outcome measures were similar in both groups.
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand Regulatory Guidelines for Medicines
    New Zealand Regulatory Guidelines for Medicines Part G: Resources Edition 6.13 March 2011 (consolidation of fifth edition and subsequent updates) Table of Contents PART G: RESOURCES Section 1: Description of Dosage Form...............................................................................2 Section 2: Routes of Administration....................................................................................4 Section 3: Shelf Life and Storage Conditions .....................................................................5 Section 4: Abbreviations.......................................................................................................6 Description of Dosage Form The dosage form description for a product should be selected from the following list: Block Granules, oral Capsule Implant, subcutaneous Capsule, combination Implant, intracranial Capsule, liquid filled Implant, intraocular Capsule, modified release Infusion, concentrate Capsule, powder filled Infusion, emulsion Capsule, powder filled, nasal inhalation Infusion, powder for Capsule, soft gelatin Infusion, powder for concentrate Cement, bone, liquid component Infusion, solution Cement, bone, powder component Inhalation, capsule, liquid filled Cement, dental Inhalation, capsule, powder filled Chewing gum Inhalation, powder Chocolate, medicated Inhalation, solution Combination Inhalation, solution, powder for Condom, medicated Inhalation, suspension Condom with spermicide Inhalation, volatile liquid Cream, rectal Inhaler, aerosol, metered Cream, topical Injection
    [Show full text]
  • JMSCR Vol||05||Issue||01||Page 15625-15629||January 2017
    JMSCR Vol||05||Issue||01||Page 15625-15629||January 2017 www.jmscr.igmpublication.org Impact Factor 5.84 Index Copernicus Value: 83.27 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i1.71 Transdermal Patch: A Comprehensive Overview of Newer Drug Delivery System in Modern Medical Science Authors Dr Neelkanth Kote1, Dr. Poornima B2 Department of Physiology and Department of Pharmacology Raja Rajeswari Medical Collegeand Hospital Bangalore, Karnataka– 560074 Corresponding Author Dr Neelkanth Kote Department of Physiology, RRMC Bangalore, Karnataka -560074 Email: [email protected] Abstract Background: Oral route of drug administration has been the most common route of drug administration since the beginning of the therapeuticarea in medical science. However this route of drug administration fails at bypassing the first pass metabolism of the drug in liver with poor bio availability. Oral route of drug administration also fails in uncooperative /unconscious semiconscious / pediatric subjects. Transdermal patch, a new drug delivery system through skin to the parenteral circulation has been the most recently discussed topic in pharmacology and medicine as it is a noninvasive route of drug administration, delivered in a sustained / pre fixed dosage with no / extremely less first pass metabolism and better bio availability. Most importantly it can be used in semiconscious / unconscious & pediatric subjects without affecting their hemodynamics. The transdermal patches have many beneficial factors however they also come with some major drawbacks like varieties of formulation, design and quality of adhesiveness. This articles provides an insight of transdermal patch in terms of its mechanism of action, advantages, disadvantages and future scope of it in the medical science.
    [Show full text]
  • WV Medical Cannabis Act
    Medical Cannabis Overview Legalized Marijuana • Medical marijuana is legal in 33 states and D.C. • Recreational marijuana is legal in 10 states and D.C. The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) • Anandamide (AEA) • Arachidonoylgycerol (2-AG) • Receptors: • CB1 • CB2 Cannabinoids • Three principle cannabinoids in cannabis: • Tetrahydrocannibinol (THC) • Cannabidiol (CBD)—the primary cannabinoid in medical marijuana • Cannabinol (CBN) Dr. Ralph Mechoulam GW Pharmaceuticals • Epidiolex—purified CBD used to control seizures • Sativex—for treatment of spasticity due to MS WV Medical Cannabis Act • Becomes effective July 1, 2019 • To be implemented and administered by Public Heath Bureau • Requires a “serious medical condition” to be certified Qualifying Medical Conditions • Cancer • Huntington’s disease • HIV • Crohn’s Disease • Amyotrophic lateral • PTSD sclerosis • Intractable seizures • Parkinson’s • Sickle cell anemia • MS • Severe chronic pain • Spinal cord damage • Terminally ill • Epilepsy • Neuropathies Lawful Use • Medical cannabis may only be dispensed to: • A patient who receives a certification from a practitioner and is in possession of a valid ID card from bureau • A caregiver in possession of valid ID card from bureau Acceptable Forms • Pill • Oil • Topical forms, including gels, creams, or ointment • A form medical appropriate for administration by vaporization or nebulization (excluding dry leaf or plant form) • Tincture • Liquid • Dermal patch Unlawful Use • Smoking and edible cannabis • No joints or brownies • Growing, unless the
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2017/172802 Al 5 October 2017 (05.10.2017) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2017/172802 Al 5 October 2017 (05.10.2017) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990 C07C 381/10 (2006.01) C07D 211/22 (2006.01) (US). C07D 401/12 (2006.01) C07D 211/42 (2006.01) (74) Agents: HARRIS, Robert J. et al; Viksnins Harris & C07D 205/04 (2006.01) C07D 213/69 (2006.01) Padys PLLP, 785 1 Metro Parkway, Suite 325, Blooming- (21) International Application Number: ton, Minnesota 55425 (US). PCT/US2017/024584 (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (22) International Filing Date: kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, 28 March 2017 (28.03.2017) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, (25) Filing Language: English DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (26) Publication Language: English HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, (30) Priority Data: MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, 62/3 15,469 30 March 2016 (30.03.2016) US NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, (71) Applicants: GENENTECH, INC. [US/US]; 1 DNA Way, RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990 (US).
    [Show full text]
  • Literature and Registry Review
    _____________________________________________________________________________________ Literature and Registry Review 2005 - 2015 ______________________________________________________________________ “HEMICAP RESURFACING PROVIDES A UNIQUE AND FAVORABLE ALTERNATIVE TO PRIOR IMPLANT DESIGNS BY PROVIDING ANATOMIC RE-APPROXIMATION” Patellofemoral Kinematics After Limited Resurfacing of the Trochlea. Provencher M, Ghodadra N, Verma N, Cole BJ, Zaire S, Shewman E, Bach B. J Knee Surg. 2009;22:310-316 ______________________________________________________________________ Matthias R. Schurhoff _____________________________________________________________________________________ Arthrosurface Literature and Registry Review 2005-2015 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Foreword his report is a review of the past decade outlining the introduction of inlay arthroplasty for arthrosis, early T arthritis and traumatic lesions. Arthrosurface, Inc. (Franklin, MA) was launched in 2002 bringing innovation and a sports medicine approach to primary arthroplasty. In the past decade, Arthrosurface has invested and re-invested more than $100 Million dollars in the development and commercialization of patient specific joint solutions that place the individual patient at the forefront of clinical decision making. The intraoperative choice of implant diameters and contour shapes allow the surgeon to not only cover the defect effectively, but also fit the implant to the patient while preserving healthy bone
    [Show full text]
  • Transdermal Drug Delivery System: a Review
    Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2021;8(1):5–9 Content available at: https://www.ipinnovative.com/open-access-journals Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Journal homepage: https://www.ijpp.org.in/ Review Article Transdermal drug delivery system: A review Neha Choudhary1,*, Ajeet Pal Singh1, Amar Pal Singh1 1St. Soldier Institute of Pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Jalandhar, Punjab, India ARTICLEINFO ABSTRACT Article history: Transdermal Drug Delivery System is controlled medicated that is set on the skin to deliver a particular Received 15-03-2021 portion of medicine through the skin and into the circulatory system. It is likewise significant because of its Accepted 17-03-2021 interesting benefit such as less absorption, more uniform plasma levels, improved bioavailability, decrease Available online 19-04-2021 side effect, efficacy and quality of the product. Transdermal dose structures may give clinicians a chance to offer more therapeutic alternatives to their patients to upgrade their consideration. Keywords: © This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Advantages/Disadvantages License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and Skin types reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Factors affecting permeation Components Evaluations 1. Introduction 4. Drug duration of action are extendable 5. GIT incompatibilities get avoided Now a day many drugs are administered orally, but they are 6. Number of dosage frequency reduced observed not more effective as desired so to upgrade such 7. Easier to remember and used character TDDS was created. Drug delivery administered 8. Large area of application in comparison with nasal and by the skin and attain a systemic effect of drug is called buccal cavity as transdermal drug delivery system.
    [Show full text]
  • A Fully Integrated Microneedle-Based Transdermal Drug Delivery System
    A Fully Integrated Microneedle-based Transdermal Drug Delivery System Niclas Roxhed MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ISBN 978-91-7178-751-4 ISSN 1653-5146 TRITA-EE 2007:046 Submitted to the School of Electrical Engineering KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Stockholm 2007 ii A Fully Integrated Microneedle-based Transdermal Drug Delivery System The left picture on the front cover shows an integrated microneedle-based drug delivery system fabricated and used for experiments by the author. An array of microneedles is located on the other side of the device. The right picture on the cover shows a magnified view of these side-opened hollow microneedles, likewise fabricated by the author. The needles are designed to penetrate skin tissue using a low insertion force. The needles are fabricated by deep reactive ion etching of silicon and the length of the needles is 400 μm. Copyright 2007 by Niclas Roxhed All rights reserved to the summary part of this thesis, including all pictures and figures. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior permission in writing from the copyright holder. The copyrights for the appended journal papers belong to the publishing houses of the journals concerned. The copyrights for the appended manuscripts belong to their authors. Printed by Universitetsservice US AB, Stockholm 2007. Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, 2007.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Treat Nicotine Dependence in Smokers with Schizophrenia
    pSYCHIATRY How to treat nicotine dependence in smokers with schizophrenia Improve patients’ health, help them kick addiction with this practical approach r. V, age 49, has stable but ®symptomaticDowden Health Media schizophrenia and a 33-year cigarette smoking Mhistory. He is very concerned because his primary care physicianCopyright told him heFor has personal2 serious use only smoking-related health problems: diabetes and hypertension. He tried a smoking cessation program for the general public, but it was a poor fit because of his schizophrenia symptoms. Despite adhering to his medications (ziprasidone, 20 mg hs; perphenazine, 8 mg hs; lorazepam, 1 mg hs; zonisamide, 200 mg/d, and benztropine mesylate, 2 mg hs), Mr. V has residual auditory hallucinations, paranoid ideation, and impaired concentration and attention. He smokes approximately 1.5 packs per day, particularly when VEER.COM very ill, to alleviate chronic boredom, and to diminish 2007 © distress from the hallucinations. All of his friends smoke, and they do not support his attempts to quit. Jennifer D. Gottlieb, PhD Schizophrenia clinical and research program Massachusetts General Hospital Successfully treating nicotine dependence can seem a Instructor in psychiatry formidable challenge in patients with schizophrenia: Harvard Medical School • 72% to 90% smoke cigarettes, compared with 21% A. Eden Evins, MD, MPH of the general population1 (Box, page 66).2-12 Schizophrenia and depression clinical and research programs • They tend to smoke heavily, spending about one- Director, Center for Addiction Medicine third of their incomes on cigarettes.13 and addiction research program • Their negative symptoms (such as apathy), posi- Massachusetts General Hospital Assistant professor of psychiatry tive symptoms (such as disorganized thinking), Harvard Medical School and cognitive impairment can reduce motivation to quit and adhere to a smoking cessation strategy.
    [Show full text]
  • How a Painless Patch Could One Day Deliver Vaccines
    How a painless patch could one day deliver vaccines pbs.org/newshour/health/how-a-painless-patch-could-one-day-deliver-vaccines Isabella Isaacs-Thomas July 31, 2020 When you pull up your sleeve to get your yearly flu shot, you might feel a twinge of anxiety as a health care provider readies the needle and syringe. Maybe you find yourself looking away or taking deep breaths to steel yourself, even though it’s over in just a few seconds. So what if there was a painless vaccine you could administer yourself? What if, rather than heading to the pharmacy, you could simply place the equivalent of a Band-Aid on your arm, leave it there for a few minutes to a few hours, then take it off and let your physician know you’ve been innoculated? That’s one of the main goals of vaccine patch technology. Multiple research teams have designed patches that use microneedle arrays made out of materials like stainless steel or sugar to deliver quick and pain-free vaccination by taking advantage of the key role that skin plays in training our immune system. One group is even developing a completely needle-free method to confer immunity. Vaccination is a crucial public health measure against serious, preventable illnesses, but the fear of needles — or of vaccines themselves — can be a hurdle to protection for individuals and their communities. In many places around the world, extreme conditions or lack of health care can stifle accessibility to traditional vaccines, too. Vaccine patches haven’t yet been approved for commercial use, but both global vaccine experts and researchers have acknowledged their potential for years, particularly when it comes to making vaccines more accessible worldwide.
    [Show full text]