DOCSLIB.ORG

2011 Annual Report Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720-8148

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2011 Annual Report Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720-8148 Complexed Adsorbed H3 L2 L7 H3 HP1 HP1 L2 L7 National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center 2011 Annual Report Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720-8148 This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center 2011 Annual Report Table of Contents 6 The Year in Perspective 10 Research News 10 New Mathematical Method Reveals Where Genes Switch On or Off 12 Small Particles Have Big Impact 14 Detailed Model Changes View of Ancient Climate Change 16 A Better Way to Find Extreme Weather Events in Climate Modeling Data 18 Turning Grass into Gas for Less 20 Bubbles Help Break Energy Storage Record for Lithium–Air Batteries 22 New Anode Boosts Capacity of Lithium–Ion Batteries 24 Speeding Up Design of Organic Semiconductors 26 Solving the Mystery of LED “Droop” 28 Modeling the Bonds of Iron and Water 30 Discovering the Molecular Details of CO2 Reservoirs 32 Simulating Magnetic Instabilities in NSTX and ITER 34 Fusion PIC Code Optimization on Emerging Architectures 36 Proton Dripping Tests a Basic Force of Nature 38 Heaviest Antimatter Particle Detected with NERSC Help 40 Boosting the Next Wave of Accelerators 42 Supernova Caught in the Act Reveals First Direct Evidence of Its Progenitor System 44 Solar System’s Magnetic Edge More Turbulent Than Expected 46 Measuring the Distant Universe in 3D 48 NISE Program Encourages Innovative Research 52 Nobel Prize for Physics Leads List of Honors for NERSC Users in 2011 Table of Contents 5 54 The NERSC Center 54 Innovations 54 Petaflops Power to NERSC 56 Accelerating Advanced Materials Development 57 Supporting Diverse Workloads on HPC Platforms 59 Increasing Scientific Productivity by Tracking Data 60 Safeguarding Data with Parallel Incremental Backups 61 Data Transfer Nodes Facilitate Scientific Collaborations 62 Increasing NERSC’s Energy Efficiency 64 User Support and Outreach 64 Providing Rapid, Quality Front-Line User Support 65 NERSC Users Welcome Expanded Training Efforts 65 Comparing Compilers to Improve Code Performance 66 Learning How to Use Hopper’s Multi-Core Nodes Effectively 66 Facilitating Statistical Computing and Graphics Generation with Parallel R 67 Visualizing Electronic Structures from Quantum Monte Carlo Simulations 67 Improving Access to X-Windows-Based Tools and Applications 68 Improving the Efficiency of a User Code 69 Improving Account Support 69 Providing Comprehensive Support for an ALCC Project 70 Software Support for Third-Party Applications 71 New Website Makes Information More Easily Accessible 72 Research and Development by NERSC Staff 72 Magellan Answers Questions about Cloud Computing for Science 74 X-Ray Image Bank Open for Business 74 NERSC Staff Publications 82 Appendix A: NERSC User Statistics 84 Appendix B: NERSC Users Group Executive Committee 85 Appendix C: Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research 86 Appendix D: Advanced Scientific Computing Advisory Committee 87 Appendix E: Acronyms and Abbreviations 6 NERSC 2011 Annual Report The Year in Perspective The year 2011 was unprecedented for scientific The year ended with the preparation of an in-depth report accomplishments at NERSC. Taking center stage was analyzing the results of our Magellan research effort on our support of cosmology. In October, Berkeley Lab’s cloud computing, which showed that NERSC’s HPC Saul Perlmutter was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics systems substantially outperform standard commercial for his research that found that the Universe is continuing clouds in both runtime and cost while offering unique to expand and that the rate of expansion is gradually software and expertise for scientific computing. accelerating. A key component of this work was the simulation of 10,000 supernovae on NERSC supercomputers While these selected highlights illustrate the breadth of the a decade ago. And Peter Nugent, who performed those NERSC Center’s systems and support expertise, running simulations, made headlines around the world in August large-scale simulations day in and day out is the bread and when he discovered the closest supernova to Earth in 25 butter of NERSC computing. Over 40 percent of the time years, just as the star was beginning its explosive demise. used by jobs are spread over at least one eighth of the machine. Such capability jobs take advantage of the unique Our center again proved its leadership in scientific networks in these systems. At the same time, NERSC offers computing by moving Hopper, our first petaflops system, this singular capability to university researchers, who make into production and supporting a broad range of research up 65 percent of our users and typically don’t have access programs. Meanwhile, plans for the NERSC-7 system got to similar resources at their own institutions. underway, and NERSC staff, in collaboration with DOE program managers and users, completed the last of six Large-scale simulation is the foundation of computing workshops to map out future computing requirements for at NERSC, but we are seeing a move toward scientific the program offices in the Office of Science. The bottom workflows with very large numbers of jobs and data analysis line indicates that demand for NERSC computing is 10 involving massive datasets. To help people understand times greater than the resources we expect to have NERSC’s role in these ongoing and complex changes, I’ve available in the next few years. recently been discussing three trends: “science at scale,” “science through volume” and “science in data.” And as One way that NERSC is leveraging its resources to serve described below, these three trends are closely intertwined. a broader community is by building “science gateways” 2011 saw huge growth in science through volume and to share both results and raw data with other researchers. science in data. This annual report provides examples of Of particular note in 2011 was the launch of the Materials NERSC’s contributions to all three trends. Project, which is a “Google of material properties” and is being shared with industry and academia. The Materials Science at Scale Project database currently contains the structural and energetic properties of more than 28,000 inorganic Science at scale is what supercomputers are best known compounds, and up to hundreds more are added every for—using thousands of processor cores to perform massive day. This gateway opens the door for more research in calculations that simulate complex phenomena. These support of the Materials Genome Initiative announced simulations can lead to new understanding and even the by the White House in June 2011. discovery of new phenomena. The Year in Perspective 7 Large-scale simulations can also challenge long-held codes effectively on Hopper’s multi-core nodes. Berkeley assumptions. One example is modeling of an event that Lab’s Computational Research and Theory Facility will be coincided with the abrupt climate change that took place the most energy efficient computing facility in DOE, about 8,200 years ago, when a massive ice sheet that capable of supporting two exascale systems. covered much of Hudson Bay in arctic Canada melted and broke through an ice dam, suddenly dumping thousands Science through Volume of cubic kilometers of fresh water into the Atlantic Ocean. Geoscientists had assumed that this flood covered the Unlike science at scale, which involves small numbers surface of the Labrador and Greenland Seas, slowing the of heroically large simulations, science through volume Gulf Stream and ocean convection. But a new model, which involves large numbers—up to tens of thousands—of has 10 to 20 times higher resolution than previous models smaller jobs, sometimes referred to as high-throughput and runs on 1,800 computer cores, suggests the freshwater computing. At NERSC, research groups in several science flood actually flowed much farther south on the continental domains are using high-throughput computing to create shelf into the subtropical North Atlantic. This finding, large databases that serve as public resources for bolstered by observational evidence, challenges not just researchers. As noted above, one such database is used our understanding of ancient climate change but also the for screening properties of materials. assumptions built into ocean and sea ice models that we use to project our future climate. New materials are crucial to building a clean energy economy—for everything from batteries to photovoltaics An example of how science at scale can guide experimentation to lighter weight vehicles—but today the development is the discovery of fluorine-14, an exotic, short-lived nucleus cycle is too slow: around 18 years from conception to that was first predicted in simulations and then detected commercialization. To cut this gap in half, researchers experimentally, increasing our understanding of the strong from Berkeley Lab and MIT teamed up to develop a new force. The simulation of fluorine-14 was made possible by computational screening tool, called the Materials Project, decades of code development and optimization of the which was launched in October 2011 using NERSC’s science code to improve performance and mathematical precision gateway infrastructure. The team is using NERSC systems on petascale computers. to characterize the properties of inorganic compounds, such as their stability, voltage, capacity and oxidation state. Today, petascale computers—capable of 1 quadrillion (1015) The results are then organized into a database with a floating point operations per second (flops)—are state of user-friendly web interface that gives the entire research the art. But NERSC is collaborating to research the path to community free and easy access and search capabilities. exascale—1 quintillion (1018) flops—which we hope to see The purpose is not designing materials, but picking the within the next decade. NERSC will help vendors transition interesting ones for more detailed research.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Evidence of Environmental Dependencies of Type Ia Supernovae from the Nearby Supernova Factory Indicated by Local Hα?
    A&A 560, A66 (2013) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201322104 & c ESO 2013 Astrophysics Evidence of environmental dependencies of Type Ia supernovae from the Nearby Supernova Factory indicated by local Hα? M. Rigault1, Y. Copin1, G. Aldering2, P. Antilogus3, C. Aragon2, S. Bailey2, C. Baltay4, S. Bongard3, C. Buton5, A. Canto3, F. Cellier-Holzem3, M. Childress6, N. Chotard1, H. K. Fakhouri2;7, U. Feindt,5, M. Fleury3, E. Gangler1, P. Greskovic5, J. Guy3, A. G. Kim2, M. Kowalski5, S. Lombardo5, J. Nordin2;8, P. Nugent9;10, R. Pain3, E. Pécontal11, R. Pereira1, S. Perlmutter2;7, D. Rabinowitz4, K. Runge2, C. Saunders2, R. Scalzo6, G. Smadja1, C. Tao12;13, R. C. Thomas9, and B. A. Weaver14 (The Nearby Supernova Factory) 1 Université de Lyon, Université de Lyon 1; CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France e-mail: [email protected] 2 Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 3 Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Énergies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France 4 Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8121, USA 5 Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nußallee 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany 6 Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Australian National University, Mount Stromlo Observatory, Cotter Road, Weston Creek ACT 2611, Australia 7 Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, 366 LeConte
    [Show full text]
  • Publications for Richard Scalzo 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016
    Publications for Richard Scalzo 2021 2019 Olierook, H., Scalzo, R., Kohn, D., Chandra, R., Farahbakhsh, Scalzo, R., Kohn, D., Olierook, H., Houseman, G., Chandra, R., E., Clark, C., Reddy, S., Muller, R. (2021). Bayesian geological Girolami, M., Cripps, S. (2019). Efficiency and robustness in and geophysical data fusion for the construction and uncertainty Monte Carlo sampling for 3-Dgeophysical inversions with quantification of 3D geological models. Geoscience Frontiers, Obsidian v0.1.2: setting up for success. Geoscientific Model 12(1), 479-493. <a Development, 12, 2941-2960. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2020.04.015">[More href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2941-2019">[More Information]</a> Information]</a> Sweeney, D., Norris, B., Tuthill, P., Scalzo, R., Wei, J., Betters, Scalzo, R., Parent, E., Burns, C., Childress, M., Tucker, B., C., Leon-Saval, S. (2021). Learning the lantern: neural network Brown, P., Contreras, C., Hsiao, E., Krisciunas, K., Morrell, N., applications to broadband photonic lantern modeling. Journal et al (2019). Probing type Ia supernova properties using of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems, 7(2), bolometric light curves from the Carnegie Supernova Project 028007-1-028007-20. <a and the CfA Supernova Group. Monthly Notices of the Royal href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.JATIS.7.2.028007">[More Astronomical Society, 483(1), 628-647. <a Information]</a> href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty3178">[More Wong, A., Norris, B., Tuthill, P., Scalzo, R., Lozi, J., Vievard, Information]</a> S., Guyon, O. (2021). Predictive control for adaptive optics Varidel, M., Croom, S., Lewis, G., Brewer, B., Di Teodoro, E., using neural networks.
    [Show full text]
  • Type Ia Supernova Rate at a Redshift of ∼0.1
    A&A 423, 881–894 (2004) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20035948 & c ESO 2004 Astrophysics Type Ia supernova rate at a redshift of ∼0.1 G. Blanc1,12,22,C.Afonso1,4,8,23,C.Alard24,J.N.Albert2, G. Aldering15,,A.Amadon1, J. Andersen6,R.Ansari2, É. Aubourg1,C.Balland13,21,P.Bareyre1,4,J.P.Beaulieu5, X. Charlot1, A. Conley15,, C. Coutures1,T.Dahlén19, F. Derue13,X.Fan16, R. Ferlet5, G. Folatelli11, P. Fouqué9,10,G.Garavini11, J. F. Glicenstein1, B. Goldman1,4,8,23, A. Goobar11, A. Gould1,7,D.Graff7,M.Gros1, J. Haissinski2, C. Hamadache1,D.Hardin13,I.M.Hook25, J. de Kat1,S.Kent18,A.Kim15, T. Lasserre1, L. Le Guillou1,É.Lesquoy1,5, C. Loup5, C. Magneville1, J. B. Marquette5,É.Maurice3,A.Maury9, A. Milsztajn1, M. Moniez2, M. Mouchet20,22,H.Newberg17,S.Nobili11, N. Palanque-Delabrouille1 , O. Perdereau2,L.Prévot3,Y.R.Rahal2, N. Regnault2,14,15,J.Rich1, P. Ruiz-Lapuente27, M. Spiro1, P. Tisserand1, A. Vidal-Madjar5, L. Vigroux1,N.A.Walton26, and S. Zylberajch1 1 DSM/DAPNIA, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France 2 Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France 3 Observatoire de Marseille, 2 pl. Le Verrier, 13248 Marseille Cedex 04, France 4 Collège de France, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie, IN2P3 CNRS, 11 pl. M. Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex, France 5 Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, INSU CNRS, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France 6 Astronomical Observatory, Copenhagen University, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark 7 Departments of Astronomy and Physics, Ohio
    [Show full text]
  • Type Ia Supernovae As Stellar Endpoints and Cosmological Tools
    REVIEW Published 14 Jun 2011 | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1344 Type Ia supernovae as stellar endpoints and cosmological tools D. Andrew Howell1,2 Empirically, Type Ia supernovae are the most useful, precise, and mature tools for determining astronomical distances. Acting as calibrated candles they revealed the presence of dark energy and are being used to measure its properties. However, the nature of the Type Ia explosion, and the progenitors involved, have remained elusive, even after seven decades of research. But now, new large surveys are bringing about a paradigm shift—we can finally compare samples of hundreds of supernovae to isolate critical variables. As a result of this, and advances in modelling, breakthroughs in understanding all aspects of these supernovae are finally starting to happen. uest stars (who could have imagined they were distant stellar explosions?) have been surprising humans for at least 950 years, but probably far longer. They amazed and confounded the likes of Tycho, Kepler and Galileo, to name a few. But it was not until the separation of these events G 1 into novae and supernovae by Baade and Zwicky that progress understanding them began in earnest . This process of splitting a diverse group into related subsamples to yield insights into their origin would be repeated again and again over the years, first by Minkowski when he separated supernovae of Type I (no hydrogen in their spectra) from Type II (have hydrogen)2, and then by Elias et al. when they deter- mined that Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) were distinct3. We now define Type Ia supernovae as those without hydrogen or helium in their spectra, but with strong ionized silicon (SiII), which has observed absorption lines at 6,150, 5,800 and 4,000 Å (ref.
    [Show full text]
  • Kasliwal Phd Thesis
    Bridging the Gap: Elusive Explosions in the Local Universe Thesis by Mansi M. Kasliwal Advisor Professor Shri R. Kulkarni In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 2011 (Defended April 26, 2011) ii c 2011 Mansi M. Kasliwal All rights Reserved iii Acknowledgements The first word that comes to my mind to describe my learning experience at Caltech is exhilarating. I have no words to thank my “Guru”, Professor Shri Kulkarni. Shri taught me the “Ps” necessary to Pursue the Profession of a Professor in astroPhysics. In addition to Passion & Perseverance, I am now Prepared for Papers, Proposals, Physics, Presentations, Politics, Priorities, oPPortunity, People-skills, Patience and PJs. Thanks to the awesomely fantastic Palomar Transient Factory team, especially Peter Nugent, Robert Quimby, Eran Ofek and Nick Law for sharing the pains and joys of getting a factory off-the-ground. Thanks to Brad Cenko and Richard Walters for the many hours spent taming the robot on mimir2:9. Thanks to Avishay Gal-Yam and Lars Bildsten for illuminating discussions on different observational and theoretical aspects of transients in the gap. The journey from idea to first light to a factory churning out thousands of transients has been so much fun that I would not trade this experience for any other. Thanks to Marten van Kerkwijk for supporting my “fishing in new waters” project with the Canada France Hawaii Telescope. Thanks to Dale Frail for supporting a “kissing frogs” radio program. Thanks to Sterl Phinney, Linqing Wen and Samaya Nissanke for great discussions on the challenge of finding the light in the gravitational sound wave.
    [Show full text]
  • The Crab Nebula Imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1999 and 2000
    Astronomers’ Observing Guides Other titles in this series The Moon and How to Observe It Peter Grego Double & Multiple Stars, and How to Observe Them James Mullaney Saturn and How to Observe it Julius Benton Jupiter and How to Observe it John McAnally Star Clusters and How to Observe Them Mark Allison Nebulae and How to Observe Them Steven Coe Galaxies and How to Observe Them Wolfgang Steinicke and Richard Jakiel Related titles Field Guide to the Deep Sky Objects Mike Inglis Deep Sky Observing Steven R. Coe The Deep-Sky Observer’s Year Grant Privett and Paul Parsons The Practical Astronomer’s Deep-Sky Companion Jess K. Gilmour Observing the Caldwell Objects David Ratledge Choosing and Using a Schmidt-Cassegrain Telescope Rod Mollise Martin Mobberley Supernovae and How to Observe Them with 167 Illustrations Martin Mobberley [email protected] Library of Congress Control Number: 2006928727 ISBN-10: 0-387-35257-0 e-ISBN-10: 0-387-46269-4 ISBN-13: 978-0387-35257-2 e-ISBN-13: 978-0387-46269-1 Printed on acid-free paper. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.
    [Show full text]
  • Cosmology with the Nearby Supernova Factory
    Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 66 (2011) 335–339 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ppnp Review Cosmology with the Nearby Supernova Factory M. Kerschhaggl a,∗, G. Aldering b, P. Antilogus c, C. Aragon b, S. Bailey b, C. Baltay d, S. Bongard c, C. Buton a, A. Canto c, M. Childress b,e, N. Chotard f, Y. Copin f, H.K. Fakhouri b,e, E. Gangler f, E.Y. Hsiao b, M. Kowalski a, S. Loken b, P. Nugent b,g, K. Paech a, R. Pain c, E. Pecontal h, R. Pereira f, S. Perlmutter b,e, D. Rabinowitz d, K. Runge b, R. Scalzo d, G. Smadja f, C. Tao i,j, R.C. Thomas b,g, C. Wu c a Physikalisches Institut Universitat Bonn, Nussallee 12 53115 Bonn, Germany b Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States c Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Énergies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Paris, Diderot Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France d Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06250-8121, United States e Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States f Université de Lyon, 69622, Université de Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, France g Computational Cosmology Center, Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road MS 50B-4206, Berkeley, CA 94611, United States h Centre de Recherche Astronomique de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 9 Avenue Charles André, 69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex, France i CPPM, 163 Av.
    [Show full text]
  • Nucleosynthesis in Thermonuclear Supernovae
    Nucleosynthesis in thermonuclear supernovae Ivo Seitenzahl and Dean Townsley Abstract The explosion energy of thermonuclear (Type Ia) supernovae is derived from the difference in nuclear binding energy liberated in the explosive fusion of light “fuel” nuclei, predominantly carbon and oxygen, into more tightly bound nu- clear “ash” dominated by iron and silicon group elements. The very same explosive thermonuclear fusion event is also one of the major processes contributing to the nucleosynthesis of the heavy elements, in particular the iron-group elements. For example, most of the iron and manganese in the Sun and its planetary system was produced in thermonuclear supernovae. Here, we review the physics of explosive thermonuclear burning in carbon-oxygen white dwarf material and the methodolo- gies utilized in calculating predicted nucleosynthesis from hydrodynamic explosion models. While the dominant explosion scenario remains unclear, many aspects of the nuclear combustion and nucleosynthesis are common to all models and must occur in some form in order to produce the observed yields. We summarize the predicted nucleosynthetic yields for existing explosions models, placing particular emphasis on characteristic differences in the nucleosynthetic signatures of the dif- ferent suggested scenarios leading to Type Ia supernovae. Following this, we discuss how these signatures compare with observations of several individual supernovae, remnants, and the composition of material in our Galaxy and galaxy clusters. Ivo Rolf Seitenzahl arXiv:1704.00415v1
    [Show full text]
  • How to Light a Cosmic Candle
    NEWS FEATURE NEWS FEATURE News Feature: How to light a cosmic candle Astronomers are still struggling to identify the companions that help white dwarf stars self-destruct in violent supernovae explosions. Nadia Drake Science Writer elements transformed the billowing mate- rial into a blinding beacon of light. In its second death, the star blazed with the Billions of years ago, an ill-fated star not so That was the first time the star died. How- brilliance of three billion suns. different from our Sun began to age and ever, a spectacular resurrection was at hand. Photons expelled by this terminal stellar balloon outward. As it grew, the star’sglow Material stolen from a nearby stellar spasm zoomed across space. For 21 million darkened to a deep, foreboding red, and its companion ignited the dwarf’s carbon and years, they traveled from their home in the outer layers sloughed off into space. Eventu- oxygen layers and triggered a ferocious Pinwheel Galaxy through dust and clouds — — ally, the star’s nuclear furnace blinked out. All thermonuclear explosion that flung smol- until quite improbably they collided that remained was a dense, lifeless core about dering material outward at about 10% of with a telescope perched atop a mountain thesizeofEarth:awhitedwarfstar. the speed of light. Decaying radioactive in southern California. It was August 24, 2011, and the Palomar Transient Factory had just seen the nearest, freshest type 1a supernova that had yet been detected (1, 2). In the days and weeks that followed, that twice-dead star—now called supernova 2011fe—was the most studied ob- ject in the sky.
    [Show full text]
  • Doctor 27 Years
    9 rue de la Vistule 75013 Paris Flora Cellier-Holzem FRANCE H +33 (0)607388427 Doctor B [email protected] 27 years old Í http://supernovae.in2p3.fr/~cellier List of Publications Articles December 2013 F. Cellier-Holzem and the SNLS collaboration SNLS 5yr spectroscopy : the VLT final year Type Ia supernova data set in prep. (2013) October 2013 U. Feindt, M. Kerschhaggl, M. Kowalski et al. (The Nearby Supernova Factory collaboration) Measuring cosmic bulk flows with Type Ia Supernovae from the Nearby Supernova Factory accepted for publication in Section 3. Cosmology of A&A (2013) September 2013 M. Rigault, Y. Copin, G. Aldering et al. (The Nearby Supernova Factory collabo- ration) Evidence of Environmental Dependencies of Type Ia Supernovae from the Nearby Super- nova Factory indicated by Hα accepted for publication in Section 3. Cosmology of A&A (2013) June 2013 M. J. Childress, G. Aldering, P. Antilogus et al. (The Nearby Supernova Factory collaboration) Host Galaxy Properties and Hubble Residuals of Type Ia Supernovae from the Nearby Supernova Factory The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 770, Issue 2, article id. 108, 18pp (2013) June 2013 M. J. Childress, G. Aldering, P. Antilogus et al. (The Nearby Supernova Factory collaboration) Host Galaxies of Type Ia Supernovae from the Nearby Supernova Factory The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 770, Issue 2, article id. 107, 24pp (2013) June 2013 R. Pereira, R. C. Thomas, G. Aldering et al. (The Nearby Supernova Factory collaboration) Spectrophotometric time series of SN 2011fe from the Nearby Supernova Factory Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 564, id. A27, 22pp (2013) April 2013 A.
    [Show full text]
  • Observational Properties of Thermonuclear Supernovae
    Observational Properties of Thermonuclear Supernovae Saurabh W. Jha1;2, Kate Maguire3;4, Mark Sullivan5 August 7, 2019 authors’ version of Nature Astronomy invited review article final version available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41550-019-0858-0 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University on the explosion mechanism: objects where the energy released of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ, USA 2Center for Computational As- in the explosion is primarily the result of thermonuclear fusion. 3 trophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA Astrophysics Re- Given our current state of knowledge, we could equally well call search Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s Uni- versity Belfast, UK 4School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Ire- this a review of the observational properties of white dwarf su- land 5School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, pernovae, a categorisation based on the kind of object that ex- Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK plodes. This is contrasted with core-collapse or massive star su- pernovae, respectively, in the explosion mechanism or exploding object categorisations. Unlike those objects, where clear obser- vational evidence exists for massive star progenitors and core- The explosive death of a star as a supernova is one of the collapse (from both neutrino emission and remnant pulsars), the most dramatic events in the Universe. Supernovae have an direct evidence for thermonuclear supernova explosions of white outsized impact on many areas of astrophysics: they are dwarfs is limited4,5 and not necessarily simply interpretable6,7 . major contributors to the chemical enrichment of the cos- Nevertheless, the indirect evidence is strong, though many open mos and significantly influence the formation of subsequent questions about the progenitor systems and explosion mecha- generations of stars and the evolution of galaxies.
    [Show full text]
  • Joint Meeting of the American Astronomical Society & The
    American Association of Physics Teachers Joint Meeting of the American Astronomical Society & Joint Meeting of the American Astronomical Society & the 5-10 January 2007 / Seattle, Washington Final Program FIRST CLASS US POSTAGE PAID PERMIT NO 1725 WASHINGTON DC 2000 Florida Ave., NW Suite 400 Washington, DC 20009-1231 MEETING PROGRAM 2007 AAS/AAPT Joint Meeting 5-10 January 2007 Washington State Convention and Trade Center Seattle, WA IN GRATITUDE .....2 Th e 209th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society and the 2007 FOR FURTHER Winter Meeting of the American INFORMATION ..... 5 Association of Physics Teachers are being held jointly at Washington State PLEASE NOTE ....... 6 Convention and Trade Center, 5-10 January 2007, Seattle, Washington. EXHIBITS .............. 8 Th e AAS Historical Astronomy Divi- MEETING sion and the AAS High Energy Astro- REGISTRATION .. 11 physics Division are also meeting in LOCATION AND conjuction with the AAS/AAPT. LODGING ............ 12 Washington State Convention and FRIDAY ................ 44 Trade Center 7th and Pike Streets SATURDAY .......... 52 Seattle, WA AV EQUIPMENT . 58 SUNDAY ............... 67 AAS MONDAY ........... 144 2000 Florida Ave., NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20009-1231 TUESDAY ........... 241 202-328-2010, fax: 202-234-2560, [email protected], www.aas.org WEDNESDAY..... 321 AAPT AUTHOR One Physics Ellipse INDEX ................ 366 College Park, MD 20740-3845 301-209-3300, fax: 301-209-0845 [email protected], www.aapt.org Acknowledgements Acknowledgements IN GRATITUDE AAS Council Sponsors Craig Wheeler U. Texas President (6/2006-6/2008) Ball Aerospace Bob Kirshner CfA Past-President John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (6/2006-6/2007) Wallace Sargent Caltech Vice-President National Academies (6/2004-6/2007) Northrup Grumman Paul Vanden Bout NRAO Vice-President (6/2005-6/2008) PASCO Robert W.
    [Show full text]