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Country Breeding pop. size (pairs) Year(s) Trend Mag.% References Chlidonias niger Albania (0 – 10) 96–02 (–) (0–19) BLACK TERN Belarus 6,000 – 22,000 97–02 – 0–9 Bulgaria 0 – 20 96–02 (–) (>80) SPEC 3 (1994: 3) Status (Depleted) Croatia (10 – 100) 02 (–) (30–49) 70,16 Criteria Moderate historical decline Czech Rep. 10 – 20 00 – 50–79 Denmark 58 – 60 01 –507 European IUCN Red List Category — Estonia (2,000 – 3,000) 98 0 0–19 1 Criteria — Finland 25 – 35 98–02 + 30–49 France 179 – 190 02 F 50–79 6 Global IUCN Red List Category — Georgia Present 03 ? – Criteria — Germany 860 – 1,000 95–99 0 0–19 Greece (50 – 150) 95–00 (0) (0–19) Chlidonias niger is a widespread but patchily distributed summer visitor to much of Hungary 400 – 1,000 98–02 F 50–79 11 Italy 150 – 200 00 0 0–19 18 Europe, which accounts for less than half of its global breeding range. Its European Latvia 2,000 – 3,000 90–00 F 50–79 23,17,25 breeding population is relatively large (>83,000 pairs), but underwent a moderate Lithuania 2,000 – 4,000 99–01 – 20–29 20 Macedonia (5 – 20) 90–00 (F) (20–29) decline between 1970–1990. The species declined across much of Europe (particularly Moldova 300 – 350 90–00 0 0–19 the east) during 1990–2000, but the trend in its Russian stronghold was unknown. Netherlands 1,000 – 1250 98–00 F231 Poland 4,000 – 5,000 95–00 – 20–29 2 Nevertheless, its population has clearly not yet recovered to the level that preceded Romania 1,200 – 2,500 90–02 – 0–19 its decline, and consequently the species is provisionally evaluated as Depleted. Russia 50,000 – 100,000 90–02 ? – 3,8,23,24,51,60, 104,112,133 No. of pairs Serbia & MN 50 – 100 97–02 – 10–29 1,29,155,13,227 £ 1,200 Slovakia 40 – 150 80–99 – 50–79 Spain 30 – 60 98–02 – 50–79 10 £ 4,500 Sweden 190 – 200 99–00 0 0–19 Turkey (200 – 600) 01 (–) (30–49) £ 18,000 Ukraine 12,000 – 26,000 90–00 F 30–49 Total (approx.) 83,000 – 170,000 Overall trend Unknown £ 71,000 Breeding range >2,000,000 km2 Gen. length. 9 % Global pop. 25–49

Present Extinct Chlidonias niger

2000 population 91 7

1990 population 7 55 36 Data quality (%) – Chlidonias niger unknown poor medium good 1990–2000 trend 60 27 13

1970–1990 trend 4 59 36

Country Breeding pop. size (pairs) Year(s) Trend Mag.% References Chlidonias leucopterus Azerbaijan 1,000 – 10,000 96 (0) (0–19) WHITE-WINGED TERN Belarus 8,000 – 30,000 97–02 0 0–19 Bulgaria (0 – 5) 96–02 ? – Non-SPEC (1994: —) Status (Secure) Croatia 0 – 20 02 ? – 70 Criteria — Estonia 0 – 10 98 0 0–19 1 Georgia Present 03 ? – European IUCN Red List Category — Germany 1–24 95–99 F >80 Criteria — Hungary 50 – 2,000 95–02 F >80 11 Global IUCN Red List Category — Italy 10 – 15 00 0 0–19 18 Latvia 50 – 300 90–00 F 50–79 17 Criteria — Lithuania 10 – 100 99–01 F >80 20 Macedonia 10 – 50 90–00 F 50–79 Chlidonias leucopterus is a widespread summer visitor to eastern Europe, which Poland 50 – 4,500 90–00 F >80 2,78,60–69 Romania 40 – 80 90–02 – 20–29 accounts for less than a quarter of its global breeding range. Its European breeding Russia 50,000 – 120,000 90–02 (F) (30–49) 3,24,51,112,133 population is relatively large (>74,000 pairs), and increased between 1970–1990. Serbia & MN 0 – 10 97–02 F 50–79 1,155,13,203,227 Turkey (40 – 120) 01 (–) (20–29) Although there were declines in Romania and Turkey during 1990–2000, populations Ukraine 15,000 – 45,000 90–00 F 30–49 were fluctuating or stable across the rest of its European range, and the species was Total (approx.) 74,000 – 210,000 Overall trend Fluctuating probably stable overall. Consequently, it is provisionally evaluated as Secure. Breeding range >1,000,000 km2 Gen. length. 9 % Global pop. 5–24

No. of pairs £ 480 £ 3,200

£ 26,000

£ 78,000

Present Extinct Chlidonias leucopterus

2000 population 78 22

1990 population 4 67 29 Data quality (%) – Chlidonias leucopterus unknown poor medium good 1990–2000 trend 65 13 22

1970–1990 trend 72 28

148 http://birdsineurope.birdlife.org

Tringa ery-Dend syr.p65 148 19/10/2004, 16:55