Appendix One: Mining sites now under Congolese army control

South Kivu Province New # Resource Mine Controlling Comments Force 31 st FARDC -KANYOLA Walungu mines under FDLR control before 01 Gold Sector with 3 FARDC takeover. brigades -SALAMABILA Mwenga mines have long been known to be rich 32 nd FARDC -KAMITUGA in gold and were under FDLR control before 02 Gold Sector with 3 -TULAMBO FARDC takeover. brigades -KIHONVU -BUNYAKIRI 33 rd FARDC Tchivanga/Bunyakiri mostly gold mines. 03 Gold and Coltan -BYANGAMA Sector with 3 -KALEHE brigades -LEMERA 41 st FARDC Gold mines in Kabunambo not far from Sange. 04 Gold -KATOBO Sector with 3 -TULAMBO brigades 42 nd FARDC Misisi gold mines were under FDRL control -LULIMBA 05 Gold Sector with 3 before FARDC takeover -LWIKO brigades -MINEMBWE Gold mines in the Fizi area 43 rd FARDC -KILEMBWE 06 Gold Sector with 3 -BARAKA brigades -DINE Gold, -NUMBI 24 th FARDC Nyabibwe special deployment straddling South 07 Wolframite, -LUMBISHI Sector with 3 and provinces, reporting directly to Cassiterite -NYABIBWE brigades Amani Leo HQ in . -SHABUNDA 51 st FARDC Nyamarege special deployment straddling South 08 Gold -NZIBIRA Sector with 3 and North Kivu provinces, thus reporting directly -KINGULUBE brigades to Amani Leo HQ in Goma.. North Kivu Province -MANGURUJIPA Lubero contains rich gold mines. Mai-Mai Gold -KASUO Lafontaine is said to have left a major portion of

-MAKOKWANDRO his men there to mine with FARDC. Timber is 11 th FARDC -VITICAN also an important resource controlled by this 09 Sector with 3 -MUHANGA brigade, in the areas of Fatua, Mbao, Eringeti. brigades -BUNYANTENGE

-FATUA Timber (MBAO, ERINGETI): -KAMANDI -KASIKI -MBWAVINYWA 12 th FARDC Kirumba gold mines controlled by Mai-Mai Gold 10 -LUSAMAMBO Sector with 3 Lafontaine and FADRC. The mines are said to be

-KATEKU brigades raided by FDLR often. -LUOFU -MILIKI Virunga National 13 th FARDC Important trafficking and smuggling via the Charcoal, Ivory, Park and borders of 11 Sector with 3 Bunagana/Kitagoma border and Kibumba trails. Gorillas, Coffee Bunagana/Kitagoma brigades and Kibumba trails - Kashebere/ and Walikale coltan and -MATE cassiterite mines. -NTOTO -KIMUA See Appendix 2 for details on FARDC and public -ISANGI services involvement in Walikale conflict 21 st FARDC Coltan/ -BUSURUNGI minerals. 12 Sector with 3 Cassiterite - brigades -OMATE -RUKARABA -MUBI -WALIKALE CENTER etc. -PINGA -MPETI -NYANGE -MINJENJE Kichanga/Bukombo charcoal exploitation in the -MALEMO Cassiterite/Coltan, 22 nd FARDC Virunga National Park. -IHULA (GOLD) 13 Tourmaline, and Sector with 3 -MERA Gold brigades Marijuana trafficking by truck load and a variety -MULIMBI of minerals mining. -BIRAMBIZO - BISHUSHA (TOURMALINE)

Although Bibatama/Rubaya mines have had a history of being under CNDP control, owner MHI is working to establish control. -BIBATAMA 23 rd FADRC Coltan 14 -RUBAYA Sector with 3 In Rubaya, however, people were reportedly

-HUMULE, etc. brigades fleeing forced labor by the city chief who fines up to US$100 for anyone who objected to working 2 days a week on the roads leading to the mine. Ituri District Ituri special deployment said to be reporting 5th Integrated 15 Gold Ituri District directly to the “Amani Leo” operation brigade commander in Goma. Gold smuggling is mostly done through via Fizi and Baraka to Total listed mines ± 64 Mines Tanzania; via Ruzizi, Lake Kivu, Goma, and Kibumba to Rwanda; via Ishasha, Bunagana, , and Ituri to Uganda. Source: Interviews with FARDC officers and people from the listed sites

Appendix Two: Taxing the trade – Payments on minerals leaving Walikale a. List of miners’ daily payments to FARDC and Public Service Agents’ Checkpoints in and around Bisie mine: Public service Payment (in minerals or Comments money) FARDC 1kg / each 12kgs parcel Mine Mining Police 1kg / each 12kgs parcel Mine Traditional Chief 1kg / each 12kgs parcel Mine Mine Owner 1kg / each 12kgs parcel Mine ANR (Secret Service) 200 Francs At mine entrance and exit with an average of DGM (Migration Service) 1,200 miners a day which roughly US$550 for T2 (Military Secret Service) secret services ANR, DGM, and T2. Mining Department Bisie mines exit with an average of 600 parcels a 3,000 Francs / parcel of 50 SAESSCAM (mining agents) day. That is roughly US$2,000 a day for the kgs Territory mining departments and the territory. 500 Francs /parcel of 50 kgs Bisie exit AIM (Mining middlemen association) 1 $ / parcel of 50 kgs Njingala exit NJINGALA Checkpoints : 2 Checkpoints (entryand exit) with an average of FARDC Checkpoints (2) 400 Francs / person 1,200 miners a days. That is roughly US$1,000 a day. Territory / District 1,500 Francs / parcel of 50 Njingala exit kgs Territory / District 200 Francs / person Njingala entrance b. List of Negociants’ payments on every pack of 1,800 kgs ready to be flown to Goma Service Daily payment Estimate per a month Notes EAD (Provincial) $276.00 US$ 7,176.00 Although some of Transcom 19,500 FC US$ 560.00 these taxes are legal, SAESSCAM $92 US$ 2,392.00 the vast majority of DGI (tax agents) $50 US$ 1,300.00 the revenue is EAD (Sector) $170 US$ 4,424.00 diverted into private PV de chargement 2.000 FC US$ 57.70 hands through parallel Transport authorization 2.000 FC US$ 57.70 tax receipts and the DGRNK 2.000 FC US$ 57.70 lack of an effective ANR (secret service) $5 US$ 130.00 banking system. Police $5 US$ 130.00 Total US$ 16,285.10 Source: Observations from Congolese civil society groups