The Water Ski Instructor

Level 1 Instructor Self-Study Course

USA Water Ski Headquarters 1251 Holy Cow Rd. Polk City, Florida, 33868-8200 Phone (863) 324-4341 • Fax (863) 325-8259 2 Level 1 Water Ski Instructor Certification Self-Study Course

USA Water Ski Appreciates your interest in its Water Ski Instructor Certification Program. Thanks for investing in the future of the sport of water skiing by becoming a certified water ski instructor.

Instructor certification is a method of educating an individual with consistent teaching methods for water skiing and also recognizing the knowledge and experience of each instructor. USA Water Ski's Instructor Certification Program has been created with guidance and funding from the United States Olympic Committee, and with assistance from the Canadian Water Ski Federation. USA Water Ski only includes tried and tested water ski teaching methods in its water ski instructor certification program. These water ski teaching methods also have been developed with safety and the well-being of a student in mind.

This course booklet includes the self-study, open-book written evaluation that is to be used with the Level 1 Water Ski Instructor Manual. Complete the multiple choice evaluation and return the answer page to USA Water Ski Headquarters. Allow USA Water Ski at least two weeks to grade your written evaluation. If you successfully complete the written evaluation, USA Water Ski will return a copy of your answer page and a Wallet card recognizing your certification as a Level 1 Water Ski Instructor.

You must be an Active member of USA Water Ski to be eligible to earn a Level 1 Water Ski Instructor certification. To maintain the rating, you must also annually renew your Active membership in USA Water Ski. A membership renewal form will automatically be sent to you during the fall of each year. If an individual fails to renew his Active membership for one or more years, the individual must pay a $25 fee to be reinstated as a Level 1 water ski instructor.

Once again, USA Water Ski appreciates your interest in its Water ski Instructor Certification Program.

Good luck with the written evaluation!

3 Level 1 Certification Level 1 is an introduction to the sport of water skiing and the first rung in the ladder of USA Water Ski's Instructor Certification Program. Level 1 introduces techniques for teaching beginning skills for two-ski, one ski, trick skis, the wakeboard, kneeboard and barefoot skiing. Level 1 also addresses water ski safety, beginning boat driving techniques and equipment selection. Level 1 teaching techniques are progressive. Level 1 instructors should encourage students to continue developing their skills at the next level.

Manual & Written Evaluation USA Water Ski's Level 1 Water Ski Instructors Manual is a resource tool for the instructor. The manual provides specific information that will prepare an instructor to: • Teach beginning water ski techniques safely • Select safe and appropriate beginning water ski equipment • Safely operate a towboat while using driving techniques specific to water skiing • Instruct beginning two-ski techniques • Teach beginning one-ski techniques, including various start methods • Instruct beginning tricks skiing, including maneuvers such as 180- and 360 degree turns • Instruct beginning wakeboarding, including wake jumping, basic rotation, grabs and introduction to tricks • Instruct beginning kneeboarding, including maneuvers such as 180- and 360 degree turns • Teach beginning barefooting, including various start methods and teaching techniques

Self-Study Course The purpose of this open-book, written evaluation is to provide individuals with an understanding of the techniques for teaching beginning water ski skills. After completing the evaluation, a participant should be able to plan and conduct a water ski lesson for a beginner.

Assignment Read the Level 1 Manual and then complete the multiple choice questions for that section. Indicate your answers by coloring in the appropriate circle on the level 1 written evaluation answer page. After completing the written evaluation, return the Level 1 Answer Page to USA Water Ski Headquarters to be graded.

Certification Upon successful completion, USA Water Ski will provide a wallet card as proof of Level 1 instructor certification.

Maintaining Level 1 Certification To maintain Level 1 Water Ski Instructor certification, an individual must annually renew his USA Water Ski Active membership. An individual who fails to renew his Active membership will lose his Level 1 Water Ski Instructor rating.

Level 2 Certification To be considered for Level 2 Water Ski Instructor certification, an individual must meet all Level 1 certification requirements.

4 Level 1 Instructor Self-Study Course

Written Evaluation

5 Level One Instructor's Self Study Test

Chapter 1 - Water Skiing Safety

1. Of the 15 Water Skier's Safety codes, which two would you consider the most important? (a) always wear a flotation device and have an observer in the towboat (b) never ski directly in front of another boat and do not ski near docks and pilings (c) always ski during daylight hours and never ski when fatigued (d) all of the above

2. What verbal signals does a skier use to communicate to the driver that he is ready to start? (a) "give it all you have!" (b) "In gear!" "Hit It!" (c) "All Right, I am ready to ski" (d) all of the above

3. Which of the following are considered part of the seven skier hand signals? (a) speed up and slow down signals (b) turn the boat around and OK signals (c) I'm OK after a fall signal (d) all of the above

4. What are the ABC's of basic life support? (a) clear and maintain an adequate airway (b) ensure that the injured skier is breathing (c) check for a pulse to make sure that the skier 's blood is circulating (d) all of the above

5. After a fall, what are the correct safety procedures if a skier is unable to climb into the boat without or with little assistance? (a) passively haul the skier over the side and into the boat (b) leave the skier in the water and go for help (c) float the skier to shore supported in a semi-recumbent position (d) encourage the skier to swim to shore on his own

6. What apparatus should be used to lift an injured skier out of the water? (a) a back board (b) a pair of skis (c) flat plank of wood (d) your arms supporting the skier

7. After reading the Safety Section, what are the most common water ski-related injuries? (a) back and neck (b) bruises, scrapes and rope burn (c) shoulder and arm (d) all of the above

6 Chapter 2 - Boat Driving And Site Safety

1. Who is ultimately responsible for the safety of the skier? (a) instructor (b) skier himself (c) boat driver (d) all of the above

2. What is the ideal ski area? (a) any body of water deep enough for a boat (b) aproximately 2,000 to 2,400 feet in length and 250 to 300 feet wide (c) any body of water as long as a boat can stay 100 feet from shore (d) all of the above

3. Which of the following items should a towboat be equipped with? (a) paddles and bailing can (b) fire extinguisher (c) gas (d) all of the above

4. What are the primary responsibilities of the observer? (a) keeping the driver informed of the skier's progress (b) keeping the driver informed of the skier's path (c) assist the driver with being aware of possible safety hazards (d) all of the above

5. Overlap is what? (a) when the driver looks back and watches the skier take off out of the water (b) when the observer tells the driver how to pull the skier up on the start (c) when the observer watches front and side and the driver watches the skiers start (d) all of the above

6. What are the two acceptable boat patterns used for towing beginner skiers? (a) figure eight pattern and small circle patterns (b) large loop pattern and a dumbbell pattern (c) straight long passes and tight turns on the ends (d) all of the above

7. When picking up a fallen skier, the driver should do what? (a) watch to see if the skier gives the O.K. signal (b) approach the skier at idling speed (c) beware of the winds and currents of the water (d) all of the above

7 8. As a boat driver, what should you do when landing a skier? (a) reduce the boat speed and approach parallel, far enough away so the skier is free from any obstacles. (b) approach at an angle parallel to the dock, allowing enough speed so the skier can glide (c) swing the skier in on a circle whiplike pattern, allowing the skier to speed to dry land (d) all of the above

9. Which keyhole pickup pattern is correct? (a) (b)

Chapter 3 - The Water Ski Instructor

1. Which of the following are important traits that an effective instructor must possess? (a) be sensitive to the feelings and needs of the skiers and respond accordingly (b) know the material to be taught and be effective in detection and correction (c) communicate simply, precisely and effectively with the skier (d) all of the above

2. Which teaching principle should apply to your beginning water ski lesson? (a) tell your student as much information as you can so he feels he has learned something (b) only tell the student information if he asks for it (c) keep your lesson simple while still getting the point across (d) all of the above

3. What is the recommended teaching progression? (a) watch, teach, learn (b) explain, instruct, practice (c) instruct, practice, instruct (d) all of the above

4. Why should positive comments be used? (a) to increase the student's self confidence (b) to increase the student's enjoyment (c) specify correct movements (d) all of the above

5. How should each lesson begin? (a) instruct the student to jump into the water and get ready to ski (b) tell the student what he did wrong last time so he can correct it this time (c) explanation of the technique and dry-land demonstration (d) all of the above 8 6. What are the components of a general lesson plan? (a) tell the student what he will learn and explain the fundamentals (b) have the student try the skill and then immediately correct errors and offer suggestions for improvements (c) ask the student to repeat a technique on dry-land until you are satisfied that he is doing it correctly, then move to the water (d) all of the above

7. How can you determine if you are getting your point across to a student? (a) if the skier looks like he is doing what you said (b) if the skier can repeat back to you what he understands you to have said (c) if the skier says he is ready to give it a try (d) all of the above

8. How would you define positive body language? (a) feeling positive and supportive about a skiers progress (b) telling the student in a firm way what he needs to do (c) showing the student the right way and telling him to do it that way (d) all of the above

9. Which of these major instructor-to-student signals is not correct (a) (b) (c) (d) a,b, and c are correct

10. What is a common concern when teaching beginners? (a) fear of injury (b) fear of falling in the middle of a lake or body of water (c) fear of cold water (d) all of the above

Chapter 4 - Equipment Care

1. To maintain the safety and life of your ski equipment, how should you store your equipment? (a) stand the ski on the tip, to let the water run out of the binding (b) store in a hot area with lots of moisture, this will keep the ski moist (c) leave the ski out in the sun to dry the ski out before storing it (d) none of the above

2. As a certified instructor, what should you check for regularly on the skis (a) make sure the fin is sharp (b) the screws that fasten the binders are tight (c) the skis decals are readable (d) all of the above

9 3. How long is the standard water ski towrope? (a) 40-45 feet (b) 85 feet (c) 75 feet (d) there is no standard

4. If the ski rope becomes tangled and knotted what should you do? (a) undo it immediately (b) leave it in the rope for extra strength (c) replace the rope with a new one (d) none of the above

5. In caring for the PFD, what should be done? (a) rinse after use and keep out of the sun (b) make sure all straps and clasps are working (c) make sure the device is not taking on water (d) all of the above

6. A wet suit will assist the student by? (a) protecting the student from the sun (b) providing flotation (c) keeping the student warm and protecting the body moderately from bruising (d) all of the above

Chapter 5 - The Grip

1. The instructor should explain to the student about the grip because? (a) the proper grip will enhance the skills being taught (b) it does not really matter what grip the skier uses (c) the proper grip will keep the skis tracking straight (d) all of the above

2. The palms down/ over hand grip is used for? (a) beginner skiers (b) wakeboarding, trick skiing and kneeboarding (c) keeping the upper body square (d) all of the above

3. Why is the baseball grip used? (a) making it easier to get up on skis (b) helps the skier hold onto the handle harder (c) enhances the slalom-skiing skills and a better pull when cutting across the wake (d) all of the above

10 Chapter 6 - Two-Ski Techniques

Equipment

1. What type of skis are ideally suited for teaching a beginner? (a) standard pair of combination double skis (b) competition jumping skis (c) competition beveled edged skis (d) any of the above

2. What determines the size of the skis you might choose for an individual student? (a) the ability level of the skier (b) weight of the skier and speed used to pull the skier (c) age of the skier (d) all of the above

3. Typically, how long are adult skis and skis for children? (a) 50-60 inches and 30-40 inches (b) 60-70 inches and 40-50 inches (c) 70-80 inches and 60-70 inches (d) it does not matter how long

Getting Started

1. What should precede your on water lesson? (a) skiing for the student so he knows what it should look like (b) dry land instruction (c) talking the student through the motions while in the water (d) all of the above

2. What are the three basic points to emphasize to a beginner? (a) keep your legs straight, pull up through your body and keep your head up (b) stay relaxed, bend your arms slightly and keep you back straight (c) knees bent, arms straight and head up (d) all of the above

3. In a dry land simulated start, which indicators tell the instructor that the student will succeed on the water? (a) if the student pops up right away to a good skiing position (b) the amount of pull that is required to pull the skier to a skiing position (c) if the student has great skiing position when standing on dryland (d) all of the above

11 4. What "signal" should a first-time beginner be most familiar with? (a) back to the dock (b) speed up and slow down (c) I'm O.K. after a fall (d) all of the above

5. What one word describes the beginning on-water starting position used in a dryland lesson? (a) crunch (b) squat (c) tight (d) cannonball

6. If a skier is falling forward, what is the error and how is it corrected? (a) arms are bent and pulled in- keep the arms straight (b) standing up too quickly and legs are straight - rise up gradually and bend your knees (c) body is too stiff - bend at the waist and knees (d) all of the above

7. If a skier is falling to the side, what is the error and how is it corrected? (a) weight too far back - lean forward (b) legs separate, start position lost- place arms on outside of knees (c) uneven weight distribution - bend both knees equally and stay balanced over the skis (d) all of the above

8. In the first lesson the instructor should be satisfied if the student? (a) gets up and skis (b) crosses the boat wakes (c) puts the skis and PFD on in the water (d) all of the above

Instructor Assisted Starts

1. What are the advantages of the instructor-assisted starts? (a) assists the student in the water and holding the cannon ball position (b) makes the learning experience a positive one (c) offers assistance once in the skiing position (d) all of the above

2. What is the instructor-assisted arm-lock method? (a) placing your hand over the student's elbow so the arm of the student can't bend (b) having the student hold one arm out to you so you can pull him out (c) holding the student just above the elbow to provide stability and help keep the student's arms straight (d) all of the above

12 3. What is the straddle-assist start? (a) instructor skis behind the student assisting the student out of the water (b) the instructor reaches around the student to hold the towrope (c) the instructor uses his thighs and chest to support the student out of the water (d) all of the above

4. Why would an instructor use the straddle method to assist a student? (a) for a smaller student having difficulties with the start (b) to make sure the student gets out of the water on the first try (c) to talk to the student for the whole lesson (d) all of the above

5. Which of the following best describes an advantage and disadvantage of the instructor-in-the- water method? (a) the instructor can provide assistance in the start preparation, but the instructor is left behind if the skier falls after getting up (b) the instructor can see the student close up and help push him out to the water, but the instructor has to swim to the student if he falls (c) the instructor is in the water and can shout instructions, to the student, but the student quickly skis out of voice range (d) all of the above

6. When teaching the straddle method and arm lock method, it is important that the instructor is? (a) able to ski on two skis (b) a strong skier (c) the instructors ability does not matter (d) none of the above

7. What is the most advanced technique in teaching beginners? (a) straddle method (b) instructors in the water method (c) arm lock method (d) ski boom method

8. What is important when teaching young students on connected youth skis? (a) keep the skis connected together at shoulder width apart in distance (b) exercise caution and release the rope from the boat in all falls (c) stop the boat and put it in reverse if the student falls (d) all of the above

9. When would you use the human tow method? (a) when a skier is afraid of the deep water (b) if a skier is too large for the boat to pull up (c) with young and lightweight skiers (d) when the boat is out of gas

13 Learning More Two Ski Maneuvers

1. What one phrase best describes how to teach crossing the wake? (a) gradually move toward the wake and crossover slowly (b) cross the wake quickly and at as sharp an angle as possible (c) turn the body, look at the wake and fly across it fast (d) move toward the wake and cross over slowly with one ski at a time

2. What does "put on the brakes" during a landing mean? (a) place the skis into a snowplow position and push out hard with the heels of both feet (b) drop the handle and freeze into position until you start sinking into the water (c) sit down, or lie down backwards, on the tails of the skies while dragging both hands in the water (d) lean back, hold the handle at shoulder height and look up into the sky

3. When performing a dock start, a skier will fall forward if he transfers his weight too soon or too quickly to the skis with his legs straight. How is this corrected? (a) bend knees and slowly transfer the weight as the boat pulls you up, resisting the pull (b) stand up straight and faster (c) hold the tow rope lower and place weight on the tails of the skis (d) lean back, hold the handle at shoulder height and look up into the sky

4. When performing a dock start, a skier will fall backwards if his legs are too straight and the towrope is held too high. How is this corrected? (a) skier should stand up slowly as the boat begins pulling him off the dock (b) bend knees and hold the rope at waistline height with arms straight (c) bend knees and resist pull (d) all of the above

Chapter 7 - Skiing On One Ski

Getting Started On One Ski

1. What type of slalom ski is suitable for beginner slalom instruction? (a) one ski from a combination pair that's equipped with a rear toe binding (b) any single ski (c) any combination slalom ski (d) all of the above

2. What are the basic criteria used to determine if a person is ready to slalom ski? (a) stable on two skis with good body position (b) able to cross the boat wakes easily (c) skier wants to attempt to slalom (d) all of the above

14 3. Why is a skier's salute used? (a) to determine the skier's balance leg (b) to determine if the skier can stand on one ski (c) to show people in the boat that the skier is ready to slalom ski (d) all of the above

4. What are the major points of the skier's salute? (a) shift all weight to one foot (b) lift the opposite ski out of the water by first lifting the toe up (c) staying in the middle of the wake and keeping head up (d) all of the above

5. Which foot should the skier place forward on a slalom ski? (a) the leg that the skier lifts out of the water on the skier's salute (b) it is up to the skier (c) the foot which the skier feels more stable standing on in the skier's salute (d) all of the above

6. What are the two parts of a usual begginer one-ski lesson? (a) getting up and dropping one ski and then getting up on one ski (b) a skier's salute with one ski and then the other (c) a skier's salute and then dropping one ski (d) all of the above

7. When "dropping a ski", what are the most important points to remember? (a) head up, knees bent, arms slightly bent and shift weight to one ski (b) keep free foot out to the side to act as a stabilizer until well balanced (c) very smoothly lift the heel of the opposite foot out of the binding and point toe (d) all of the above

8. What is the basic one-ski (slalom) body position? (a) head up, knees slightly bent and hips forward (b) back straight and weight distributed between both feet (c) handle in a baseball grip and arms slightly bent (d) all of the above

9. When a skier loses his balance because the ski is wobbly, what is the error and how is it corrected? (a) Error -too little weight on the ski leg Correction-shift all weight to ski leg then drop ski (b) Error- not moving fast enough when dropping ski Correction- drop ski and move fast (c) Error- uneven weight distribution when dropping ski Correction- move smoothly and slowly, shift weight to heels to make ski track better (d) any of the above

15 Learning More One Ski Maneuvers

1. When is a skier ready to turn and cross the wakes on one ski? (a) when the skier can ski on one ski for five minutes (b) when the skier is steady and his back foot is inserted in the rear toe piece (c) when the skier can do a deep water start on one (d) all of the above

2. What grip is used when skiing on one ski? (a) any grip the skier likes (b) overhand grip (c) baseball grip (d) only one hand on the handle to get ready for the slalom course

3. What is the most difficult skill in fundamental water skiing? (a) one ski deep water start (b) crossing the boat wakes without stopping (c) dropping one ski and placing a foot in the rear toe piece (d) two-ski, deep water start

4. What common error causes the most one-ski, deep-water start failures? (a) leaning over and falling to the side (b) leaning back too far and dragging through the water (c) rushing a start and trying to get up too fast (d) all of the above

5. What is the "most critical key" in a one-ski deep water start? (a) as a skier starts to rise, not to push the ski out from his body but rather let the water push it to him (b) stand up as fast as possible to reduce drag from the boat (c) push the ski out in front and stand up slowly (d) lean back as far as possible and resist the boat

6. How does a one-ski deep water start vary from a two-ski start? (a) the skier must stand up faster than he does in a two-ski start (b) the skier must lean farther away from the boat and resist the boat as it pulls him up (c) the skier must stay in a crouch longer until the ski is moving fast enough to support the skier's weight (d) all of the above

7. When performing a dock start, shallow water start or beach start, what are the most significant common factors? (a) a skier resists the pull of the boat with his shoulders and back (b) keeping arms bent, knees bent and head up (c) drag free leg for stability until establishing balance (d) all of the above

16 8. What is the "logical progression" of teaching one-ski slalom skills? (a) learning how to drop a ski, do a deep water start and then how to cross the wakes (b) skier's salute, dropping a ski, placing foot behind on ski, control and turning, deep water start and then a dock or shallow water start. (c) there is no logical progression (d) whatever is easier for the skier

Chapter 8 - Trick Skiing

Getting Started

1. What is essential in teaching tricks? (a) lots of practice and falls (b) dry land training (c) correct starting position on the water (d) all of the above

2. What is the order in which "body position" for beginning trick skiers should be taught? (a) knees bent, ankles bent, back straight, handle waistline level and head up (b) knees bent, back bent slightly, handle pulled into waistline and looking up (c) knees and ankles bent and handle low in a baseball grip, into waistline (d) all of the above

3. Why are trick skis more difficult at first to track and turn? (a) trick skis are smaller and lighter than other skis (b) trick skis are wider than other skis, which requires a skier to keep his legs more apart (c) trick skis do not have fins or rudders (d) all of the above

4. When is a student ready to attempt his first trick? (a) when a skier can do a deep water start and cross the boat wakes (b) when a skier can ski on trick skis for five seconds (c) when the skier can comfortably handle the trick skis in proper body position (d) all of the above

5. What important basic fundamental must be mastered in the first lesson? (a) crossing the wake (b) deep-water start (c) proper body position (d) all of the above

17 Learning Tricks

1. In the side slide, what should you watch for? (a) skis spread slightly for stability (b) leading edge slightly raised (c) rope and handle arm bent at waistline level (d) all of the above

2. What is a common cause to a basic tricks fall? (a) rotating the skis too fast (b) standing up straight (c) leaning away from the boat (d) all of the above

3. When performing a two-ski front-to-back trick, where should the handle be? (a) handle held low with arms out straight (b) handle held close to the body at waistline level (c) handle held close to the body at shoulder level (d) handle held close to the body at eye level

4. When performing a two-ski front-to-back trick, how do you initiate the turn? (a) pull the rope in and turn looking toward the back (b) turn and keep the rope low with arms straight (c) pull in, let go with one hand and lead with the hips (d) all of the above

5. What are the elements of the backward skiing position? (a) knees bent and back straight (b) handle in close to body at small of back (c) slight body lean away from boat and head up (d) all of the above

6. What are common problems associated with basic tricks? (a) looking down (b) ankles and knees too straight (c) arms to straight (d) all of the above

7. When performing a 360-degree turn, what is one technique that is emphasized over and over? (a) turn quickly while looking away from the boat (b) standing up straight while turning (c) maintain proper trick body position (d) all of the above

18 8. When teaching basic tricks, what points must be stressed? (a) smooth pull on the towrope and keep head up (b) bend knees to act as shock absorbers and maintain balance (c) keep towrope close to body and at waistline level (d) all of the above

Chapter 9 - Wakeboarding

Equipment

1. When teaching a beginner wakeboarder does size, weight and design of the board matter? (a) no, all boards are the same (b) yes, it depends on the students weight and ability (c) yes, the larger the board the better (d) yes, the smaller and lighter the board the better

2. The holes on the wakeboard are used to? (a) adjust the rider's binding position to the stance (b) adjust the rider's bindings for the size of the rider (c) fine-tune the bindings to the perfect degree and perfect stance (d) all of the above

3. The general rule to determine the rope length for the rider is? (a) any rope between 30 and 75 feet (b) rope length is not really important (c) if not clearing both wakes shorten the rope, if in the wash of the boat lengthen it (d) all of the above

4. When driving for a beginner wakeboarder what is important to remember? (a) start with a slow gentle pull (b) not to accelerate too fast (c) find the right type of pull for the student (d) all of the above

Getting Started

1. Before getting started on the water it is important to? (a) adjust the bindings for the size and foot forward (b) adjust the bindings to shoulder width apart (c) check screws on the fins and the bindings (d) all of the above

19 2. The key to becoming a strong wakeboarder is? (a) proper wakeboarding body position (b) riding all the time (c) the boat driver (d) all of the above

3. What is the basic deep water start position? (a) board parallel to boat and in front of rider, knees bent into chest, arms around knees and rope over board between feet. (b) tip of board facing the boat, shoulders angled towards the boat and knees bent (c) arms straight, laying flat in the water with the board out in front of rider (d) all of the above

4. What does the rider want to do once the board comes out of the water? (a) let the board rotate to a straight position and feet to a side stance position (b) push the handle into the front hip (c) stay low and stand up slowly (d) all of the above

5. In order to advance, what is essential for the rider to learn? (a) to get lots of air over the wakes (b) proper rope control and edge control (c) to look at the boat at all times (d) all of the above

6. What should the rider do when he wants to cross the wake? (a) use edge control, shift his weight to his heel or toes (b) look in the direction he wants to travel and cut through the wake (c) use rope control keeping the rope tight and low (d) all of the above

7. What is loading the line? (a) pulling the rope in hard and fast to the riders hip (b) when the rider pulls on the rope (c) the set-up towards the wake enabling the rider to launch into the air (d) all of the above

Learning Tricks

1. When learning to turn the board to fakie position what should the driver do? (a) speed up a little (b) slow down a little (c) turn the boat a little in the direction the rider is turning (d) nothing keep the speed the same

20 2. What should the rider do when learning to turn fakie? (a) initiate the turn with his hips and slide his back foot around to the boat (b) keep both hands on the handle and rotate the handle through the lower body (c) turn the wakeboard in a smooth and continuous motion (d) all of the above

3. Once the rider can turn the board to the fakie position what should he learn? (a) the switchstance position (b) continue on to new tricks (c) in the fakie position ride the board and cross the wakes with air (d) all of the above

4. What is one of the most common errors in learning a wake 180? (a) starting the turn to soon (b) not getting enough air (c) keeping the handle in too tight to the body (d) all of the above

5. When learning grabs it is important that the rider? (a) approaches the wake with a good angle and load the line (b) keeps his head and shoulders up (c) pulls up on his lower body through his legs to grab the board (d) all of the above

6. When teaching wakeboarding you want to encourage your student to try? (a) to go for big air (b) to have fun, relax (c) just enjoy the ride (d) all of the above

Chapter 10 - Kneeboard

Getting Started

1. The basic body position for kneeboard is? (a) knees on the board with the heels touching the buttocks (b) weight on the ankles and the back straight (c) arms slightly bent and into the body (d) all of the above

2. Why is the arm and handle position one of the most important aspects of kneeboarding? (a) it keeps the student in the kneeling position on the board (b) it helps the student move the kneeboard (c) it allows the student to keep his back straight and stabilize the kneeboard (d) all of the above

21 3. What is the most important factor when teaching students to kneeboard? (a) they understand how to get up on the board (b) they have the right size of kneeboard (c) the operation of the strap and how to get out of it in case of a fall (d) all of the above

4. What does the student want to do when learning the beach start? (a) get in the kneeboarding position (b) have the board placed on the beach a few feet from the waters edge (c) lean back (d) all of the above

5. From the deep water start position the student is lying on his stomach, what is the key to getting into the kneeboard position? (a) have the student put his weight on his elbows (b) have the student wiggle his legs up on to the board (c) there really is no key, the student just has to get into the kneeboard position (d) have the student pull up on the strap

6. When teaching young children to kneeboard the instructor can assist the student by? (a) holding the kneeboard in waist deep water and balancing the board for the student (b) kneeboard beside the student and offer assistance (c) have the student start in the kneeboarding position (d) all of the above

Learning More

1. What is the key to learning to turn the kneeboard? (a) learning to edge the kneeboard (b) learning to move around on the kneeboard (c) letting the arms out (d) all of the above

2. If the student is falling over backwards while edging the kneeboard, what should he do? (a) put more weight on his heels (b) keep his arms slightly bent as he leans (c) turn his head more in the direction of travel (d) all of the above

3. When learning a side slide it is important to have the student do what? (a) look to the side (b) let go with one hand and turn (c) keep the handle near his hip and arm bent with upper arm near the rib cage (d) all of the above

22 4. In the 180 degree turn the student wants to do what? (a) turn in a fluid motion and turn the board all the way backwards (b) keep his head up looking at the horizon (c) release the handle with the hand in the direction of travel (d) all of the above

5. When riding in the backwards position the student wants to? (a) keep straight through his body (b) lean slightly away form the boat (c) look down (d) all of the above

Chapter 11 - Learning To Barefoot

1. When learning to barefoot it is important to pay close attention to what? (a) safety (b) boat path (c) observer (d) all of the above

2. When barefooting it is recommended that the student wear what? (a) barefoot suit (b) shorties or some type of wetsuit (c) flotation (d) all of the above

Getting Started

1. In barefooting what is the most important position? (a) the head position (b) the foot position (c) the handle position (d) all of the above

2. When teaching a student to barefoot on the boom, the boom should be adjusted to? (a) as high as it can go, so the student can just hang off it (b) so the students hips are just touching the water (c) the height of the boom does not matter (d) keep the boom low so the student does not have to reach too high

3. When learning to barefoot off a kneeboard if the board starts to bounce what is wrong? (a) the boat is going to fast (b) nothing is wrong, it is time for the student to place his feet in the water (c) the student has too much weight on the back of the board and should slide forward (d) the student needs to lean back more

23 4. The instructor should tell the student to do what, when learning to barefoot off the kneeboard? (a) stay in the crouch position (b) stand up fast to get away from the kneeboard (c) wait for the kneeboard to bounce then plant his feet in the water (d) all of the above

5. When stepping off a ski it is best to use what type of ski? (a) a ski with no bindings so the students foot can slide off the ski (b) a flat-bottom ski with loose bindings (c) a fiberglass ski so it floats better (d) any type of ski is O.K.

6. When driving for the step-off start, the driver should accelerate when the student does what? (a) from the deep water start (b) places his foot into the water (c) when the skier tells him to (d) when the student is in barefoot position

7. If the student is getting a lot of spray in his face, what should he do? (a) lean back more and place his weight on his heels (b) keep his back straight and push his hips forward (c) have the student bend his knees more and transfer his weight off his heels (d) when barefooting there is always spray in your face

Chapter 12 - Water Toys

1. What is the most important thing to remember when using water toys? (a) safety first (b) to have fun (c) enjoy the ride (d) all of the above

2. When pulling a water toy the towboat speed should be what? (a) fast, so the student can get a good ride (b) any speed (c) slow (d) any of the above