Shakespeare Macbeth
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Synopsis Macbeth, set primarily in Scotland, mixes witchcraft, prophecy, and murder. Three “Weïrd Sisters” appear to Macbeth and his comrade Banquo after a battle and prophesy that Macbeth will be king and that the descendants of Banquo will also reign. When Macbeth arrives at his castle, he and Lady Macbeth plot to assassinate King Duncan, soon to be their guest, so that Macbeth can become king. After Macbeth murders Duncan, the king’s two sons flee, and Macbeth is crowned. Fearing that Banquo’s descendants will, according to the Weïrd Sisters’ predictions, take over the kingdom, Macbeth has Banquo killed. At a royal banquet that evening, Macbeth sees Banquo’s ghost appear covered in blood. Macbeth determines to consult the Weïrd Sisters again. They comfort him with ambiguous promises. Another nobleman, Macduff, rides to England to join Duncan’s older son, Malcolm. Macbeth has Macduff’s wife and children murdered. Malcolm and Macduff lead an army against Macbeth, as Lady Macbeth goes mad and commits suicide. Macbeth confronts Malcolm’s army, trusting in the Weïrd Sisters’ comforting promises. He learns that the promises are tricks, but continues to fight. Macduff kills Macbeth and Malcolm becomes Scotland’s king. Characters in the Play Three Witches, the Weïrd Sisters Scottish Nobles DUNCAN, king of Scotland LENNOX MALCOLM, his elder son ROSS DONALBAIN, Duncan’s younger son ANGUS MACBETH, thane of Glamis MENTEITH LADY MACBETH CAITHNESS SEYTON, attendant to Macbeth Three Murderers in Macbeth’s service SIWARD, commander of the English forces YOUNG SIWARD, Siward’s son both attending upon Lady Macbeth A Captain in Duncan’s army A Doctor An Old Man A Gentlewoman A Doctor at the English court HECATE A Porter Apparitions: an Armed Head, a Bloody Child, a BANQUO, commander, with Macbeth, of Crowned Child, Duncan’s army and eight nonspeaking kings FLEANCE, his son MACDUFF, a Scottish noble Three Messengers, Three Servants, a Lord, a LADY MACDUFF Soldier Their son Attendants, a Sewer, Servants, Lords, Thanes, Soldiers (all nonspeaking) Synopses of Acts I-IV (courtesy of Wikipedia) Act I persuades him to kill the king that very night. He and Lady Macbeth plan to get Duncan's two The play opens amidst thunder and lightning, chamberlains drunk so that they will black out; and the Three Witches decide that their next the next morning they will blame the meeting shall be with Macbeth. In the following chamberlains for the murder. They will be scene, a wounded sergeant reports to King defenseless as they will remember nothing. Duncan of Scotland that his generals—Macbeth, who is the Thane of Glamis, and Banquo—have just defeated the allied forces of Norway and Act II Ireland, who were led by the traitorous Macdonwald, the Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth, While Duncan is asleep, Macbeth stabs him, the King's kinsman, is praised for his bravery despite his doubts and a number of supernatural and fighting prowess. portents, including a hallucination of a bloody dagger. He is so shaken that Lady Macbeth has In the following scene, Macbeth and Banquo to take charge. In accordance with her plan, she discuss the weather and their victory. As they frames Duncan's sleeping servants for the wander onto a heath, the Three Witches enter murder by placing bloody daggers on them. and greet them with prophecies. Though Early the next morning, Lennox, a Scottish Banquo challenges them first, they address nobleman, and Macduff, the loyal Thane of Fife, Macbeth, hailing him as "Thane of Glamis," arrive. A porter opens the gate and Macbeth "Thane of Cawdor," and that he shall "be King leads them to the king's chamber, where hereafter." Macbeth appears to be stunned to Macduff discovers Duncan's body. Macbeth silence. When Banquo asks of his own fortunes, murders the guards to prevent them from the witches respond paradoxically, saying that professing their innocence, but claims he did so he will be less than Macbeth, yet happier, less in a fit of anger over their misdeeds. Duncan's successful, yet more. He will father a line of sons Malcolm and Donalbain flee to England kings though he himself will not be one. While and Ireland, respectively, fearing that whoever the two men wonder at these pronouncements, killed Duncan desires their demise as well. The the witches vanish, and another thane, Ross, rightful heirs' flight makes them suspects and arrives and informs Macbeth of his newly Macbeth assumes the throne as the new King of bestowed title: Thane of Cawdor. The first Scotland as a kinsman of the dead king. Banquo prophecy is thus fulfilled, and Macbeth, reveals this to the audience, and while sceptical previously skeptical, immediately begins to of the new King Macbeth, he remembers the harbour ambitions of becoming king. witches' prophecy about how his own King Duncan welcomes and praises Macbeth descendants would inherit the throne; this and Banquo, and declares that he will spend the makes him suspicious of Macbeth. night at Macbeth's castle at Inverness; he also names his son Malcolm as his heir. Macbeth Act III sends a message ahead to his wife, Lady Macbeth, telling her about the witches' Despite his success, Macbeth, also aware of this prophecies. Lady Macbeth suffers none of her part of the prophecy, remains uneasy. Macbeth husband's uncertainty and wishes him to invites Banquo to a royal banquet, where he murder Duncan in order to obtain kingship. discovers that Banquo and his young son, When Macbeth arrives at Inverness, she Fleance, will be riding out that night. Fearing overrides all of her husband's objections by Banquo's suspicions, Macbeth arranges to have challenging his manhood and successfully him murdered, by hiring two men to kill them, later sending a Third Murderer. The assassins Macbeth's fears at rest. First, they conjure an succeed in killing Banquo, but Fleance escapes. armoured head, which tells him to beware of Macbeth becomes furious: he fears that his Macduff. Second, a bloody child tells him that power remains insecure as long as an heir of no one born of a woman shall be able to harm Banquo remains alive. him. Thirdly, a crowned child holding a tree states that Macbeth will be safe until Great At a banquet, Macbeth invites his lords and Birnam Wood comes to Dunsinane Hill. Lady Macbeth to a night of drinking and Macbeth is relieved and feels secure because he merriment. Banquo's ghost enters and sits in knows that all men are born of women and Macbeth's place. Macbeth raves fearfully, forests cannot move. Macbeth also asks whether startling his guests, as the ghost is only visible to Banquo's sons will ever reign in Scotland: the himself. The others panic at the sight of Macbeth witches conjure a procession of eight crowned raging at an empty chair, until a desperate Lady kings, all similar in appearance to Banquo, and Macbeth tells them that her husband is merely the last carrying a mirror that reflects even more afflicted with a familiar and harmless malady. kings. Macbeth realises that these are all The ghost departs and returns once more, Banquo's descendants having acquired kingship causing the same riotous anger and fear in in numerous countries. After the witches Macbeth. This time, Lady Macbeth tells the lords perform a mad dance and leave, Lennox enters to leave, and they do so. and tells Macbeth that Macduff has fled to England. Macbeth orders Macduff's castle be Act IV seized, and, most cruelly, sends murderers to slaughter Macduff, as well as Macduff's wife Macbeth, disturbed, visits the three witches once and children. Although Macduff is no longer in more and asks them to reveal the truth of their the castle, everyone in Macduff's castle is put to prophecies to him. To answer his questions, they death, including Lady Macduff and their young summon horrible apparitions, each of which son. offers predictions and further prophecies to put ACT 5 Scene 1 Enter a Doctor of Physic and a Waiting-Gentlewoman. DOCTOR I have two nights watched with you but can perceive no truth in your report. When was it she last walked? GENTLEWOMAN Since his Majesty went into the field, I have seen her rise from her bed, throw her nightgown upon her, unlock her closet, take forth paper, fold it, write upon ’t, read it, afterwards seal it, and again return to bed; yet all this while in a most fast sleep. DOCTOR A great perturbation in nature, to receive at once the benefit of sleep and do the effects of watching. In this slumb’ry agitation, besides her walking and other actual performances, what at any time have you heard her say? GENTLEWOMAN That, sir, which I will not report after her. DOCTOR You may to me, and ’tis most meet you should. GENTLEWOMAN Neither to you nor anyone, having no witness to confirm my speech. Enter Lady Macbeth with a taper. Lo you, here she comes. This is her very guise and, upon my life, fast asleep. Observe her; stand close. DOCTOR How came she by that light? GENTLEWOMAN Why, it stood by her. She has light by her continually. ’Tis her command. DOCTOR You see her eyes are open. GENTLEWOMAN Ay, but their sense are shut. DOCTOR What is it she does now? Look how she rubs her hands. GENTLEWOMAN It is an accustomed action with her to seem thus washing her hands. I have known her continue in this a quarter of an hour. LADY MACBETH Yet here’s a spot. DOCTOR Hark, she speaks. I will set down what comes from her, to satisfy my remembrance the more strongly.