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EPA Handbook: Optical and Remote Sensing for Measurement and Monitoring of Emissions Flux of Gases and Particulate Matter
EPA Handbook: Optical and Remote Sensing for Measurement and Monitoring of Emissions Flux of Gases and Particulate Matter EPA 454/B-18-008 August 2018 EPA Handbook: Optical and Remote Sensing for Measurement and Monitoring of Emissions Flux of Gases and Particulate Matter U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Air Quality Assessment Division Research Triangle Park, NC EPA Handbook: Optical and Remote Sensing for Measurement and Monitoring of Emissions Flux of Gases and Particulate Matter 9/1/2018 Informational Document This informational document describes the emerging technologies that can measure and/or identify pollutants using state of the science techniques Forward Optical Remote Sensing (ORS) technologies have been available since the late 1980s. In the early days of this technology, there were many who saw the potential of these new instruments for environmental measurements and how this technology could be integrated into emissions and ambient air monitoring for the measurement of flux. However, the monitoring community did not embrace ORS as quickly as anticipated. Several factors contributing to delayed ORS use were: • Cost: The cost of these instruments made it prohibitive to purchase, operate and maintain. • Utility: Since these instruments were perceived as “black boxes.” Many instrument specialists were wary of how they worked and how the instruments generated the values. • Ease of use: Many of the early instruments required a well-trained spectroscopist who would have to spend a large amount of time to setup, operate, collect, validate and verify the data. • Data Utilization: Results from path integrated units were different from point source data which presented challenges for data use and interpretation. -
Preparation and Purification of Atmospherically Relevant Α
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4241–4254, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4241-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Technical note: Preparation and purification of atmospherically relevant α-hydroxynitrate esters of monoterpenes Elena Ali McKnight, Nicole P. Kretekos, Demi Owusu, and Rebecca Lyn LaLonde Chemistry Department, Reed College, Portland, OR 97202, USA Correspondence: Rebecca Lyn LaLonde ([email protected]) Received: 31 July 2019 – Discussion started: 6 August 2019 Revised: 8 December 2019 – Accepted: 20 January 2020 – Published: 9 April 2020 Abstract. Organic nitrate esters are key products of terpene oxidation in the atmosphere. We report here the preparation and purification of nine nitrate esters derived from (C)-3- carene, limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene and perillic alcohol. The availability of these compounds will enable detailed investigations into the structure–reactivity relationships of aerosol formation and processing and will allow individual investigations into aqueous-phase reactions of organic nitrate esters. Figure 1. Two hydroxynitrate esters with available spectral data. Relative stereochemistry is undefined. 1 Introduction derived ON is difficult, particularly due to partitioning into the aerosol phase in which hydrolysis and other reactivity Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions ac- can occur (Bleier and Elrod, 2013; Rindelaub et al., 2014, count for ∼ 88 % of non-methane VOC emissions. Of the to- 2015; Romonosky et al., 2015; Thomas et al., 2016). Hydrol- tal BVOC estimated by the Model of Emission of Gases and ysis reactions of nitrate esters of isoprene have been stud- Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1), isoprene is ied directly (Jacobs et al., 2014) and the hydrolysis of ON estimated to comprise half, and methanol, ethanol, acetalde- has been studied in bulk (Baker and Easty, 1950). -
Volatile Organic Compound Production in Synechococcus WH8102
Volatile Organic Compound Production in Synechococcus WH8102 by Duncan Ocel A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Honors Baccalaureate of Science in Chemistry and Botany (Honors Scholar) Presented May 21, 2018 Commencement June 2018 2 3 AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Duncan Ocel for the degree of Honors Baccalaureate of Science in Chemistry and Botany presented on May 21, 2018. Title: Volatile Organic Compound Production in Synechococcus WH8102. Abstract approved:_____________________________________________________ Kimberly Halsey High-resolution mass spectrometry was used to measure a range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in real time as they were produced by the ubiquitous marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus WH8102 during a 24-hour light/dark cycle. Ethenone, acetaldehyde, ethanol, isoprene, acetic acid, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), acetone, phenol, and several as-yet unidentified compounds were measured in higher concentration in live cultures than in azide-killed cultures or sterile artificial seawater. Several compounds were found in higher concentration in the daylight part of the diel cycle than in the night, suggesting VOCs are produced during active photosynthesis. Key Words: phytoplankton, volatile organic compounds, Synechococcus, acetaldehyde, dimethyl sulfide Corresponding e-mail address: [email protected] 4 ©Copyright by Duncan Ocel May 21,2018 All Rights Reserved 5 Volatile Organic Compound Production in Synechococcus WH8102 by Duncan Ocel A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Honors Baccalaureate of Science in Chemistry and Botany (Honors Scholar) Presented May 21, 2018 Commencement June 2018 6 Honors Baccalaureate of Science in Chemistry and Botany project of Duncan Ocel presented on May 21, 2018. -
Epidemiological Investigation on FMD Outbreaks in Republic
Epidemiological investigation on FMD outbreaks in Republic of Korea Wooseog Jeong Ph.D. Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency What is FMD in South Korea? Economical impact Million $ 250.0 200.0 150.0 100.0 50.0 - Mar-01 May-02 Jan-10 Apr-10 Nov-10 Jul-14 Dec-14 Ring Vaccination Stamping out Nationwide Vaccination Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency 2 2. FMD outbreaks in South Korea ▪ FMD Outbreaks from 2000 to 2011 in South Korea 2010 2014 2016 2017 2000 2002 Jan. Apr. Nov. Jul Dec 3.24. – 5. 1.2. – ’10.11.28 – ’14.12.3.~ 1.11~13. 4.8. – 5.6. 7.23~8.6 2.5 ~ 2.13.(O) Period 4.15. 2. – 6.23. 1.29 ’11. 4.21. ’15.4.28 2.17~3.29 (29 days) (15 days) 2.8 (A) (23 days) (53 days) (28 days) (145 days) (147 days) (147 days) No. of 8(O) 15 16 6 11 153 3 185 21 Reports 1(A) 2(O) Province 3 2 1 4 11 2 7 3 1(A) O O (MESA, Virus O (Pan O (SEA O O O (Pan Asia A O (SEA O1) Ind2001) Type Asia O1) O1) (SEA) (SEA) (Mya 98) O1) A (Asia/Sea97) (O) 1,113 182 162 395 55 herds 6,241 herds 172,798 herds 19 herds herds herds 2,009 herds 33,073 herds Culling 5,956 3 Million herds Cases 2,216 160,155 49,874 3 Cases 26 Cases Cases Cases 196 Cases (A) 100 herds Cases Cases Cases 1 Case Animal and Plant Ring Quarantine Agency Vaccinati Nationwide Nationwide Nationwide Nationwide Nationwide Vaccinati None None None on Vaccination Vaccination Vaccination Vaccination Vaccination on 3 2. -
Air Liquide Korea Carries out Facility Improvement at a Community Child Center in Cheonan
PRESS RELEASE Seoul, 28 May 2015 Air Liquide Korea carries out facility improvement at a Community Child Center in Cheonan On May 27, Air Liquide Korea, the world leader in gases, technologies and services for Industry and Health, carried out a ‘Safe Day’ program at a community child center located in Dongnam-gu, Cheonan as a part of its ‘Act for Clean and Safe Community’ efforts. During the day-long Safe Day, employees from Air Liquide Korea’s Cheonan facility participated in renovating the center as well as sharing recreational time with the children, including making helium balloons. This year’s Safe Day focused on the safety of the children, including safety instructor and company volunteers teaching the youngsters about safety in everyday life. The volunteers focused on sharing safety rules at playgrounds and homes. Air Liquide Korea also inspected several other community child centers in Cheonan to assess their gas, electrical equipment, and fire safety equipment and selected the community child center for immediate improvements and repairs. This is the second Safe Day hosted by the company during 2015, following an earlier Safe Day held in Seoul. Christopher Clark, CEO of Air Liquide Korea, commented: “Following on from last year, Air Liquide Korea is proud to continue supporting community child centers by improving their facilities. It is a pleasure for us to join hands in improving the environment, welfare and safety of the children – as well as sharing safety knowledge -- at this community center.” The Safe Day program is a social contribution activity carried out since 2014 by Air Liquide Korea in collaboration with the Korea Association of the Community Child Centers. -