Unwarranted Influence Chronicling the Rise of US Government Dependence on Conflict

December 2007 Brian Bogart M.A. Candidate Advanced Strategies for Peace & Diversity, University of Oregon IntelligentFuture.org

Colleges and Universities with Department of Defense Prime Contracts Source: Statistical Information Analysis Division, Department of Defense (FY2000 through FY2006 CASE Multi-year Educational Nonprofits Prime Contracts, ST25 Multi-year States and Territories Prime Contracts, and ST26 Multi-year Foreign Country Prime Contracts)

Summary

When President Dwight Eisenhower gave his prophetic January 1961 farewell speech warning of the growth of “unwarranted influence” on universities and government by the defense industry, relatively few universities had Department of Defense contracts. As of December 2006, 1,107 universities had DoD contracts, including 161 in 33 other countries.

The 900% growth of Department of Defense research and development, test and evaluation (RDTE defense-applied research) prime contracts as reported from fiscal years 2000 through 2006 caps a 60-year trend of expanding ties between the defense industry and institutes of higher education.

Although the number of assistance contracts remained largely constant during this period, a 900% rise in RDTE defense-applied research contracts and total dollars to universities occurred. Total dollar amounts awarded to schools rose from $4.4 billion in 2000 to $46.7 billion in 2006. The total number of DoD RDTE defense-applied research contracts to schools rose from 5,887 in 2000 to 52,667 in 2006 (table below).

DoD Defense-Applied Research (RDTE) and Assistance Prime Contracts for Educational Nonprofits

F Y R DTE Contracts A ssistance Contracts T OTAL Contracts T OTAL Dollars 2000 5,887 6,866 12,753 4,449,065,114 2001 6,419 9,069 15,488 5,963,956,131 2002 8,872 9,502 18,374 6,725,869,753 2003 9,774 9,458 19,232 7,607,121,978 2004 14,718 8,270 22,988 8,222,404,943 2005 20,081 8,356 28,437 9,929,441,308 2006 52,667 9,821 62,488 46,748,542,346

The following is a comprehensive listing of educational institutions with Department of Defense prime contracts for fiscal years 2000 through 2006 divided into three categories:

Category 1: US colleges and universities with DoD prime contracts for RDTE defense-applied research (533)

Category 2: US colleges and universities with DoD prime contracts for assistance (413)

Category 3: Colleges and universities with DoD prime contracts outside the US (161)

Total: 1,107 A table of US school totals by state, combining Category 1 and Category 2, appears at the end of this list. * * *

Category 1: US colleges and universities with DoD RDTE defense-applied research prime contracts (533)

Alaska (4) Alaska Pacific University Anchorage Community College University of Alaska, Anchorage University of Alaska, Fairbanks Alabama (10) Alabama A&M University Auburn University, Auburn Oakwood College Troy State University Tuskegee University University of Alabama University of Alabama, Birmingham University of Alabama, Huntsville University of North Alabama University of South Alabama Arizona (8) Arizona State University, Main Campus Arizona State University, West Campus Navajo Community College Northern Arizona University Pima County Community College District Prescott College South Mountain Community College University of Arizona Arkansas (5) Arkansas State University Arkansas Tech University University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences University of Arkansas, Little Rock University of Central Arkansas California (48) California Institute of Technology California State Polytechnic University, Dominguez Hills California State Polytechnic University, Pomona California State Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo California State University, Bakersfield California State University, Chico California State University, Fullerton California State University, Long Beach California State University, Los Angeles California State University, Northridge Chapman University Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science Contra Costa College D-Q University Harvey Mudd College Humboldt State University Loma Linda University Monterey Institute of International Studies Monterey Peninsula College Mount St. Mary’s College National Hispanic University Naval Postgraduate School Northern California Institute of Research and Education Pitzer College Point Loma Nazarene College Rio Hondo College St. Mary’s College of California San Diego State University San Francisco State University San Jose State University Santa Clara University Scripps College Southwestern College Stanford University University of California, Berkeley University of California, Davis University of California, Irvine University of California, Los Angeles University of California, Riverside University of California, San Diego University of California, San Francisco University of California, Santa Barbara University of California, Santa Cruz University of Redlands University of San Diego University of San Francisco University of Southern California West Hills Community College Colorado (8) Adams State College Colorado School of Mines Colorado State University University of Colorado, Boulder University of Colorado, Colorado Springs University of Colorado, Denver University of Colorado Health Sciences Center University of Denver Connecticut (9) Connecticut College Hartford Graduate Center St. Alphonsus College University of Connecticut University of Connecticut Health Center University of Hartford Wesleyan University Western Connecticut State University Yale University Delaware (2) Delaware State University University of Delaware Florida (18) Barry University Bethune-Cookman College Edward Waters College Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Florida A&M University Florida Atlantic University Florida Institute of Technology Florida International University Florida State University Nova Southeastern University St. Petersburg Junior College Tampa College University of Central Florida University of Florida University of Miami University of North Florida University of South Florida University of West Florida Georgia (19) Albany State College Armstrong State College Berry College Clark Atlanta University Emory University Fort Valley State College Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Southern University Georgia State University Medical College of Georgia Mercer University Morehouse College Morehouse College of Medicine Morris Brown College Paine College Savannah State University Spelman College University of Georgia Valdosta State University Hawaii (1) University of Hawaii, Manoa Idaho (3) Boise State University Idaho State University University of Idaho Illinois (16) Chicago State University City Colleges of Chicago Columbia College, Chicago De Paul University Finch University of Health Sciences/Chicago Medical School Illinois Institute of Technology Loyola University of Chicago Northern Illinois University Northwestern University, Chicago Northwestern University, Evanston Rush University Southern Illinois University, Carbondale University of Chicago University of Illinois, Chicago University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Western Illinois University Indiana (9) Ball State University Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis Purdue University, Lafayette Purdue University, North Central Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology University of Indianapolis University of Notre Dame Valparaiso University Iowa (3) Iowa State University University of Iowa University of Northern Iowa Kansas (8) Donnelly College Emporia State University Haskell Indian Nations University Kansas State University Pittsburg State University University of Kansas University of Kansas Medical Center Wichita State University Kentucky (4) Kentucky State University Louisville Technical Institute Morehead State University University of Kentucky Louisiana (14) Grambling State University Louisiana State University and A&M College, Baton Rouge Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport Louisiana Tech University Northeast Louisiana University Southern University and A&M College Southern University at New Orleans Tulane University University of Louisiana, Lafayette University of Louisville University of New Orleans University of Southwestern Louisiana Xavier University Maine (3) University of Maine University of New England University of Southern Maine Maryland (17) Anne Arundel Community College Bowie State University Coppins State College Harford Community College Johns Hopkins University Loyola College Morgan State University Towson State University Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences University of Baltimore University of Maryland, Baltimore University of Maryland, Baltimore County University of Maryland, Biotechnology Institute University of Maryland, Center for Environmental Science University of Maryland, College Park University of Maryland, Eastern Shore University of Maryland, University College Massachusetts (19) Boston College Boston University Brandeis University Clark University Five Colleges, Inc. Hampshire College Harvard University Lasell College Massachusetts Institute of Technology Northeastern University Smith College Tufts University University of Massachusetts, Amherst University of Massachusetts, Boston University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth University of Massachusetts, Lowell University of Massachusetts, Worcester Williams College Worcester Polytechnic Institute Michigan (13) Bay Mills Community College Calvin College Central Michigan University Eastern Michigan University Ferris State University Hope College Lawrence Technological University Michigan State University Michigan Technological University Oakland University University of Michigan Wayne State University Western Michigan University Minnesota (7) College of St. Benedict Crown College Macalester College Minnesota Community College System St. Cloud State University University of Minnesota, Duluth University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Mississippi (5) Alcorn State University Jackson State University Mississippi State University University of Mississippi University of Southern Mississippi Missouri (9) Lincoln University St. Louis University Southwest Missouri State University University of Health Sciences University of Missouri, Columbia University of Missouri, Kansas City University of Missouri, Rolla University of Missouri, St. Louis Washington University, St. Louis Montana (10) Blackfeet Community College Fort Belknap College Fort Peck Community College Little Big Horn College Montana State University, Billings Montana State University, Bozeman Montana Tech of the University of Montana Salish Kootenai College Stone Child College University of Montana Nebraska (4) Creighton University Nebraska Indian Community College University of Nebraska, Lincoln University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha New Hampshire (2) Dartmouth College University of New Hampshire New Jersey (10) Institute for Advanced Study Jersey City State College Monmouth College Montclair State University New Jersey Institute of Technology Princeton University Rowan College of New Jersey Rutgers, New Jersey State University Stevens Institute of Technology University of Medicine and Dentistry New Mexico (5) Albuquerque Technical-Vocational Institute Community College New Mexico Highlands University New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology New Mexico State University University of New Mexico New York (47) Albany College of Pharmacy Albany Medical College Alfred University Appalachian State University City University of New York, Brooklyn College City University of New York, City College City University of New York, Hunter College City University of New York, New York City City University of New York, Queens College City University of New York, Staten Island Community College Clarkson University Columbia University Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art Cornell University Daemen College Fordham University Hamilton College Hofstra University Iona College Mercy College Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York Institute of Technology New York Medical College New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University New York University North Shore University Hospital Pace University Polytech Institute of New York, Graduate Center Polytechnic University Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Rochester Institute of Technology Rockefeller University St. Vladimir’s Orthodox Theological Seminary State University of New York, Albany State University of New York, Binghamton State University of New York, Buffalo State College State University of New York, College of Optometry State University of New York, College of Technology at Alfred State University of New York, Health Science Center at Brooklyn State University of New York, Stony Brook State University of New York, University at Buffalo Syracuse University United States Military Academy University of Buffalo Research Center (CALSPAN) University of Rochester Utica College of Syracuse University Yeshiva University Nevada (3) University and Community College System of Nevada University of Nevada, Las Vegas University of Nevada, Reno North Carolina (20) Barber-Scotia College College of Charleston Duke University East Carolina University Elizabeth City State University Fayetteville State University Johnson C. Smith University North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University North Carolina Central University North Carolina State University Queens University Shaw University University of North Carolina, Asheville University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill University of North Carolina, Charlotte University of North Carolina, Greensboro University of North Carolina, Wilmington Wake Forest University Western Carolina University Winston-Salem State University North Dakota (7) Fort Bethold Community College North Dakota State College of Science North Dakota State University Sitting Bull College Standing Rock College Turtle Mountain Community College University of North Dakota Ohio (16) Bowling Green State University Case Western Reserve University Central State University John Carroll University Kent State University Medical College of Ohio Miami University Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine Ohio State University Ohio University University of Akron University of Cincinnati University of Dayton University of Toledo Wright State University Youngstown State University Oklahoma (6) Cameron University Northeastern State University Oklahoma State University, Tulsa University of Oklahoma University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center University of Tulsa Oregon (7) Lewis and Clark College Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology Oregon Health Sciences University Oregon State University Portland State University Reed College University of Oregon Pennsylvania (22) Carnegie-Mellon University Drexel University Franklin and Marshall College Harrisburg Area Community College Lafayette College Lehigh University Lincoln University Medical College of Pennsylvania, Hahnemann University (merged w/Drexel in 2002, separate contracts) Mercyhurst College Millersville University of Pennsylvania Pennsylvania College of Optometry Pennsylvania State University Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science St. Francis University St. Joseph’s University Temple University Thomas Jefferson University University of Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh University of Scranton Villanova University West Chester University Rhode Island (3) Brown University Roger Williams University University of Rhode Island South Carolina (6) Claflin University Clemson University College of Charleston Medical University of South Carolina South Carolina State University University of South Carolina South Dakota (5) Oglala Lakota College Sisseton-Wahpeton Community College South Dakota School of Mines and Technology South Dakota State University University of South Dakota Tennessee (10) East Tennessee State University Fisk University Meharry Medical College Rhodes College Tennessee State University Tennessee Technological University University of Memphis University of Tennessee, Chattanooga University of Tennessee, Knoxville Vanderbilt University Texas (46) Baylor College of Medicine Baylor University Houston Community College Huston-Tillotson University Lamar University Laredo Community College Our Lady of the Lake University Prairie View A&M University Rice University St. Edward’s University St. Mary’s University Sam Houston State University Southern Methodist University Southwest Texas State University Stephen F. Austin State University Tarleton State University Texas A&M International University, Laredo Texas A&M University, College Station Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Brownsville Texas A&M University, Kingsville Texas Christian University Texas College Texas Tech University Texas Tech University Health Science Center Texas Wesleyan University Trinity University University of Houston University of Houston-Downtown University of North Texas University of Texas, Arlington University of Texas, Austin University of Texas, Brownsville University of Texas, Dallas University of Texas, El Paso University of Texas, Graduate School of Biomedical Science University of Texas, Health Science Center, Houston University of Texas, Health Science Center, San Antonio University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center University of Texas Medical School, Galveston University of Texas, Medical Branch at Galveston University of Texas, San Antonio University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center University of Texas, Southwestern Medical School University of Texas-Pan American University of the Incarnate Word Utah (3) Brigham Young University University of Utah Utah State University Vermont (1) University of Vermont Virginia (14) Christopher Newport University College of William and Mary Eastern Virginia Medical School George Mason University Hampton University James Madison University Medical College of Hampton Roads Norfolk State University Old Dominion University University of Richmond University of Virginia Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University Virginia State University Washington (8) Central Washington University Eastern Washington University Howard University Northwest Indian College University of Washington Washington State University Western Washington University Whitman College Washington DC (6) American University Catholic University of America George Washington University Georgetown University Southeastern University Trinity College West Virginia (2) Marshall University West Virginia University Wisconsin (7) College of Menominee Nations Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwa Community College Marquette University Medical College of Wisconsin University of Wisconsin, La Crosse University of Wisconsin, Madison University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wyoming (1) University of Wyoming

* * *

Category 2: US colleges and universities with DoD assistance prime contracts (413)

Alaska (0) Alabama (13) Auburn University, Montgomery Birmingham Southern College Bishop State Community College Drake University Enterprise State Junior College Faulkner University Gadsden State Community College J F Drake State Technical College Jacksonville State University Marion Military Institute Miles College Samford University Stillman College Arizona (2) Arizona Western College Cochise College Arkansas (8) American College Hendrix College John Brown University Lyon College Ouachita Baptist University Philander Smith College Shorter College University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff California (25) Azusa Pacific University Biola University California State University, Fresno California State University, Sacramento California State University, San Bernardino California State University, Stanislaus California Western School of Law College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Concordia University Fuller Theological Seminary La Sierra University Loyola Marymount University Master’s College and Seminary Menlo College National Technical Schools, Los Angeles Pacific Graduate School of Psychology Pepperdine University Riverside Community College San Diego Community College District San Diego Mesa College Sonoma State University Southern California College University of La Verne University of the Pacific, Stockton Whittier College Colorado (6) Colorado Tech Keystone Center Metropolitan State College of Denver Pikes Peak Community College Regis University University of Northern Colorado Connecticut (4) Central Connecticut State University Quinnipiac College Sacred Heart University University of New Haven Delaware (2) Delaware Technical and Community Colleges Wilmington College Florida (13) Brevard Community College Clearwater Christian College Florida Community College at Jacksonville Florida Keys Community College Florida Memorial College Florida Southern College Jacksonville University Miami-Dade Community College Pensacola Junior College Rollins College St. Leo College Stetson University University of Tampa Georgia (8) American College for Applied Arts Clayton State University Columbus College Georgia Military College Georgia Southwestern College Kennesaw State College North Georgia College Oglethorpe University Hawaii (5) Chaminade University of Honolulu Hawaii Pacific University Heald Business College Honolulu Community College Leeward Community College Idaho (1) Buena Vista College Illinois (15) Adler School of Professional Psychology Benedictine College Black Hawk College Illinois Benedictine College Illinois College of Optometry Kendall College Lewis University McKendree College Midwestern University Robert Morris College Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville Trinity Christian College, Palos Heights Trinity College, Deerfield University of Evansville Wheaton College Indiana (7) Butler University De Pauw University Indiana State University Taylor University University of Southern Indiana Vincennes University Wabash College Iowa (20) American Institute of Business Clarke College Coe College Des Moines Area Community College Eastern Iowa Community College District Faith Baptist Bible College and Seminary Graceland College Grand View College Hamilton Business College Hamilton Technical College Kirkwood Community College Morningside College Mount Mercy College St. Ambrose University Simpson College University of Dubuque University of Osteopathic Medicine and Health Science Upper Iowa University Western Iowa Tech Community College Vennard College Kansas (5) Barton County Community College Benedictine College Johnson County Community College University of St. Mary Washburn University of Topeka Kentucky (10) Bellarmine College Berea College Centre College Eastern Kentucky University Georgetown College Midway College Northern Kentucky University Pikeville College Spaulding University Western Kentucky University Louisiana (6) Delgado Community College Dillard University Louisiana State University, Shreveport Loyola University, New Orleans Northwest State University Nunez Community College Maine (3) Colby College St. Joseph’s College Thomas College Maryland (5) Charles County Community College Mount St. Mary’s College St. Mary’s College of Maryland Salisbury State University Villa Julie College Massachusetts (18) Babson College Bentley College Berklee College of Music Bridgewater State College Merrimack College Mount Holyoke College New England College of Optometry Nichols College Radcliffe College Regis College Simmons College Springfield College Stonehill College Suffolk University Wellesley College Wentworth Institute of Technology Western New England College Worcester State College Michigan (7) Alma College Cornerstone College and Grand Rapids Baptist Seminary Macomb Community College Northern Michigan University Oakland Community College Schoolcraft College University of Detroit, Mercy Minnesota (10) Bethel College and Seminary College of St. Scholastica Concordia College, Moorhead Hamline University Mankato State University Moorhead State University St. John’s University, Collegeville St. Mary’s College of Minnesota University of Minnesota, Crookston University of St. Thomas Mississippi (4) Coahoma Community College Mississippi College Mississippi University for Women University of Mississippi Medical Center Missouri (14) Central Missouri State University Cleveland Chiropractic College of Kansas City Culver-Stockton College Harris Stowe State College Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine Lindenwood College Missouri Southern State College Missouri Western State University Northwest Missouri State University Park College Rockhurst College Southeast Missouri State University Southwest Baptist University Webster University Montana (2) Carroll College Rocky Mountain College Nebraska (2) University of Nebraska, Omaha Wayne State College New Hampshire (3) Daniel Webster College McIntosh College Rivier College New Jersey (6) Centenary College Cumberland County College Fairleigh Dickinson University Princeton Theological Seminary Seton Hall University Thomas Edison State College New Mexico (4) Eastern New Mexico University New Mexico Military Institute San Juan College Santa Fe Community College New York (28) Albany Law School of Union University Canisius College City University of New York, Bernard M. Baruch College City University of New York, Hostos Community College City University of New York, John Jay College of Criminal Justice D’Youville College Hudson Valley Community College Ithaca College Jefferson Community College Le Moyne College Long Island University Manhattan College Marist College Mount St. Mary College New York College of Osteopathic Medicine Niagara University Roberts Wesleyan College St. John Fisher College St. John’s University St. Lawrence University Sarah Lawrence College Siena College (Loudonville) State University of New York, College at Potsdam State University of New York, Health Science Center at Stony Brook State University of New York, Health Science Center at Syracuse Touro College Union College Vassar College Nevada (0) North Carolina (13) Belmont Abbey College Bennett College Campbell University Carteret Community College Catawba College Coastal Carolina Community College Elon College Fayetteville Technical Community College Greensboro College Methodist College Montgomery Community College Pfeiffer College St. Augustine’s College North Dakota (2) Bismarck State College United Tribes Technical College Ohio (13) Capital University Cedarville College Cleveland State University College of Mount St. Joseph Denison University Heidelberg College Hocking Technical College Mount Union College Ohio Northern University Ohio Wesleyan University Tiffin University University of Findlay Xavier University Oklahoma (11) Eastern Oklahoma State College Great Plains Area Vo-Tech School Langston University Oklahoma Baptist University Oklahoma Christian University of Science and Arts Oklahoma State University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Tulsa Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma City Rose State College Southern Nazarene University Southwestern Oklahoma State University University of Central Oklahoma Oregon (4) Mount Angel Seminary Pacific University University of Portland Willamette University Pennsylvania (24) Allentown College, St. Francis De Sales Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania Bucks County Community College California University of Pennsylvania Carlow College Cedar Crest College Community College of Allegheny County Dickinson College Drexel University College of Medicine (Medical College of Pennsylvania) Duquesne University Gannon University King’s College La Salle University Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine Lebanon Valley College Lycoming College Marywood College Northampton County Area Community College Pennsylvania State University, Hershey Medical Center Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine Outdoor Odyssey Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania Widener University Wilkes University Rhode Island (4) Bryant College Johnson and Wales University Rhode Island College Salve Regina University South Carolina (13) Benedict College Central Carolina Technical College Central Wesleyan College Charleston Southern University Citadel Military College of South Carolina Converse College Denmark Technical College Erskine College North Greenville College Trident Technical College University of South Carolina at Spartanburg Voorhees College Winthrop University South Dakota (2) Black Hills State University Sioux Falls College Tennessee (9) Belmont University Carson-Newman College Christian Brothers University David Lipscomb University Middle Tennessee State University Nashville State Technical Institute Pellissippi State Technical Community College Southern College of Optometry Trevecca Nazarene College Texas (19) Alamo Community College District Angelina College Angelo State University Austin Community College Austin Peay State University Baylor College of Dentistry Central Texas College Dallas Baptist University Del Mar College El Paso Community College Midwestern State University San Antonio College Texas A&M University, Bryan Branch Texas Southmost College Texas Wesleyan University Texas Woman’s University University of Dallas University of North Texas, Health Science Center, Ft. Worth Wayland Baptist University Utah (4) Salt Lake Community College Southern Utah University Utah Valley State College Weber State University Vermont (2) Middlebury College Norwich University Virginia (11) Averett College ECPI College of Technology Liberty University Mary Baldwin College Marymount University Regent University Shenandoah University Southwest Virginia Community College Tidewater Community College Virginia Community College System Virginia Military Institute Washington (8) Green River Community College Olympic College Pacific Lutheran University Pierce College St. Martin’s College Seattle University Tacoma Community College Whitworth College Washington DC (3) Gallaudet University Strayer College University of DC West Virginia (7) Alderson-Broaddus College Bluefield State College College of West Virginia Glenville State College University of Charleston West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine West Virginia State College Wisconsin (8) Beloit College Carroll College Edgewood College Madison Area Technical College Marian College of Fond Du Lac Milwaukee School of Engineering University of Wisconsin, Green Bay University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point Wyoming (0)

* * *

Category 3: Colleges and universities with DoD prime contracts outside the US (161)

Afghanistan (1) Central Texas College District Australia (19) Australian National University Flinders University of South Australia La Trobe University Monash University Queensland University of Technology RMIT University (formerly Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology) RMIT also includes: Emily McPherson College Phillip Institute of Technology Melbourne College of Printing and Graphic Art Melbourne Institute of Textiles University of Adelaide University of Adelaide Club Inc. University of Melbourne University of New South Wales University of Queensland University of South Australia University of Sydney University of Tasmania University of Technology, Sydney Belgium (2) Universite Libre de Bruxelles University of Missouri System Bulgaria (2) Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Institute of Metal Science, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Canada (5) British Columbia Institute of Technology Governors of the University of Canada McGill University Trent University University of Toronto Chile (1) Catholic University of Chile China (1) University of Sichuan Biomedical Laboratory, Chengdu Czech Republic (4) Charles University, Prague Czech Technical University in Prague Institute of Physics Palacky University, Olomouc France (1) University of Nice Germany (9) American College of Health Care Central Texas College District Institute for Geophysics, University of Stuttgart Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich University of Heidelberg Medical School University of Northern Iowa University of South Florida University of Texas at Austin USDA Graduate School Ghana (1) University of Ghana Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research Greece (2) National Observatory of Athens Technological Education Institute Guam (1) University of Guam India (3) Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Indian Institute of Science University of Pune Indonesia (1) University of Udayana Ireland (1) Dublin City University Italy (7) Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation University of Bari University of Catania University of Catania Political Science Faculty University of Maryland University of Messina University of Parma Kuwait (1) American School of Kuwait Japan (25) Central Texas College District Chitose Institute of Science and Technology Ehime University Hokkaido University Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Kanazawa Institute of Technology Kichijoji Language School Kyoto University Meijo University Miyagi Music School Nagaoka University of Technology Nagoya University Osaka University Suzuka University of Medical Science Tohoku Gakuin University Tohoku Institute of Technology Tohoku University Tokyo Institute of Technology Troy State University System University of Northern Iowa University of Oklahoma University of Tokushima University of Tokyo University of Tsukuba Yokohama National University New Zealand (2) University of Canterbury University of Otago Puerto Rico (12) Caribbean School Inc. Caribbean University Central University of the Caribbean Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Bayamon Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico Ponce School of Medicine University of Puerto Rico, Humacao University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras University of Turabo Russia (1) Moscow State University (MGU) Singapore (2) Nanyang Technological University National University of Singapore South Africa (1) University of Pretoria South Korea (23) Ajou University Central Texas College Central Texas College District Chungbuk National University Cooper Institute Dongguk University Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Hanyang University Inha University Kookmin University Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Korea University Institute of (incomplete listing) Pohang University of Science and Technology Seoul National University Soongsil University University of Maryland University of Maryland University System University of Northern Iowa University of Oklahoma University of Science and Technology USDA Graduate School Woosong University Yonsei University Sweden (2) Lund University Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Switzerland (1) University of Bern Taiwan (10) Chung Yuan Christian University National Central University National Cheng Kung University National Chiao Tung University National Chung Cheng University National Dong Hwa University National Sun Yat-Sen University National Taipei University of Technology National Taiwan University National Tsing Hua University Tajikistan (1) National Taiwan University Thailand (2) Chulalongkorn University Suranaree University of Technology United Kingdom (15) Academy of Sciences Bedford College Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine King’s College London Learning Tree International Study Abroad in England Swansea University University College London University of Cambridge University of Hull University of Lancaster University of Leeds University of Liverpool University of Sheffield University of Southampton Vietnam: (1) Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City Virgin Islands (US): (1) University of the Virgin Islands

Category 1: 533 (US) Category 2: 413 (US) Category 3: 161 (in 33 countries) ______Total: 1,107

State and DC Totals

Alaska: 4/0 (4) Alabama: 10/13 (23) Arizona: 8/2 (10) Arkansas: 5/8 (13) California: 48/25 (73) Colorado: 8/6 (14) Connecticut: 9/4 (13) Delaware: 2/2 (4) Florida: 18/13 (31) Georgia: 19/8 (27) Hawaii: 1/5 (6) Idaho: 3/1 (4) Illinois: 16/15 (31) Indiana: 9/7 (16) Iowa: 3/20 (23) Kansas: 8/5 (13) Kentucky: 4/10 (14) Louisiana: 14/6 (20) Maine: 3/3 (6) Maryland: 17/5 (22) Massachusetts: 19/18 (37) Michigan: 13/7 (20) Minnesota: 7/10 (17) Mississippi: 5/4 (9) Missouri: 9/14 (23) Montana: 10/2 (12) Nebraska: 4/2 (6) New Hampshire: 2/3 (5) New Jersey: 10/6 (16) New Mexico: 5/4 (9) New York: 47/28 (75) Nevada: 3/0 (3) North Carolina: 20/13 (33) North Dakota: 7/2 (9) Ohio: 16/13 (29) Oklahoma: 6/11 (17) Oregon: 7/4 (11) Pennsylvania: 22/24 (46) Rhode Island: 3/4 (7) South Carolina: 6/13 (19) South Dakota: 5/2 (7) Tennessee: 10/9 (19) Texas: 46/19 (65) Utah: 3/4 (7) Vermont: 1/2 (3) Virginia: 14/11 (25) Washington: 8/8 (16) Washington DC: 6/3 (9) West Virginia: 2/7 (9) Wisconsin: 7/8 (15) Wyoming: 1/0 (1)

Category 1: 533 Category 2: 413 ______Total US: 946

Brian Bogart is a defense statistics analyst and a University of Oregon Diversity Scholar and Peace Studies graduate student. His thesis project juxtaposes 60-year trends in what President Dwight Eisenhower termed the “unwarranted influence” by the defense industry on government with today’s need for policies that defend a future threatened by climate change.

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