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Wheat, Rye and Triticale Genetic Resources

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Wheat, Rye and Triticale Genetic Resources GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR THE EX SITU CONSERVATION WITH ENHANCED ACCESS TO WHEAT, RYE AND TRITICALE GENETIC RESOURCES September 2007 International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF MEXICO 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCLAIMER....................................................................................................................................................... 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................................................................................... 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................................... 4 1. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................... 4 1. OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTED OUTPUTS OF THE GLOBAL EX SITU CONSERVATION STRATEGY FOR WHEAT , RYE AND TRITICALE GENETIC RESOURCES .................................................................................................................. 4 1.1 Objective.................................................................................................................................................. 4 1.2 Expected Outputs..................................................................................................................................... 5 2. A MODEL GLOBAL GENETIC CONSERVATION SYSTEM.................................................................. 5 3. MAJOR STEPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STRATEGY ........................................................... 6 4. WHEAT EX SITU CONSERVATION STRATEGY..................................................................................... 7 4.1 THE WHEAT GENE POOL ............................................................................................................................... 8 4.1.1 Triticum species.................................................................................................................................... 8 4.1.2 Aegilops species.................................................................................................................................... 9 4.1.3 Perennial Triticeae species ................................................................................................................ 10 4.1.4 Defined or Precise Genetic Stocks ..................................................................................................... 12 4.2 CONSERVATION PRIORITIES ........................................................................................................................ 12 4.3 GLOBAL WHEAT GERMPLASM COLLECTIONS ............................................................................................. 13 4.4 EXISTING NETWORKS RELEVANT TO WHEAT GENETIC RESOURCE COLLECTIONS ...................................... 15 4.5 SURVEYS OF COLLECTIONS AND THEIR CLIENTS ......................................................................................... 17 4.5.1 Curators of major national and international wheat germplasm collections..................................... 17 4.5.2 Clients of wheat germplasm collections including breeders, molecular geneticists and wheat researchers .................................................................................................................................................. 18 4.5.3 Survey of Specialised Collections of Wild Relatives........................................................................... 19 4.5.4 Survey of Specialised Genetic Stock Collections................................................................................ 19 4.6 MAJOR WHEAT COLLECTIONS OF A GLOBAL NETWORK OF GENETIC RESOURCES ..................................... 20 4.7 IMPLEMENTING THE GLOBAL NETWORK OF WHEAT GENETIC RESOURCE COLLECTIONS ........................... 21 4.8 CAPACITY BUILDING TO EXPAND THE GLOBAL NETWORK .......................................................................... 22 4.8.1 Policy and legal issues ....................................................................................................................... 22 4.8.2 Conservation standards...................................................................................................................... 23 4.8.3 Regeneration of Accessions................................................................................................................ 23 4.8.4 Safety Duplication .............................................................................................................................. 24 4.9 INFORMATION MANAGEMENT IN THE GLOBAL NETWORK .......................................................................... 25 4.10 RATIONALISING EXISTING COLLECTIONS .................................................................................................. 25 4.11 IDENTIFYING AND RECTIFYING GAPS IN EXISTING COLLECTIONS ............................................................. 26 5. RYE EX SITU CONSERVATION STRATEGY ......................................................................................... 27 5.1 RYE EVOLUTION AND TAXONOMY .............................................................................................................. 27 5.2 MAJOR RYE COLLECTIONS .......................................................................................................................... 28 5.3 EXISTING NETWORKS OF RYE COLLECTIONS .............................................................................................. 29 5.4 ESTABLISHING A GLOBAL NETWORK OF RYE COLLECTIONS ....................................................................... 29 6. TRITICALE CONSERVATION STRATEGY............................................................................................ 30 6.1 TRITICALE GENETIC RESOURCES ................................................................................................................ 30 6.2 MAJOR TRITICALE COLLECTIONS ................................................................................................................ 31 6.3 EXISTING NETWORKS OF TRITICALE COLLECTIONS .................................................................................... 31 6.4 ESTABLISHING A GLOBAL NETWORK OF TRITICALE COLLECTIONS ............................................................. 31 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................................... 32 APPENDIX I: ADVISORY GROUP , GLOBAL WHEAT , RYE AND TRITICALE CONSERVATION STRATEGY ........... 34 APPENDIX II: THE QUESTIONNAIRE USED TO SURVEY THE CURATORS /MANAGERS OF MAJOR GLOBAL COLLECTIONS OF WHEAT , RYE AND TRITICALE ................................................................................................. 35 APPENDIX III: QUESTIONNAIRE USED TO SURVEY USERS OF GLOBAL WHEAT , RYE AND TRITICALE COLLECTIONS .................................................................................................................................................... 40 APPENDIX IV: QUESTIONNAIRE USED TO SURVEY COLLECTIONS OF PRECISE GENETIC STOCKS ..................... 43 2 APPENDIX V: SUMMARY OF RESPONSES TO GENEBANK CURATORS /MANAGERS AND CLIENTS /USERS SURVEYS .......................................................................................................................................................................... 44 APPENDIX VI: SURVEY RESULTS OF WHEAT GENETIC STOCKS COLLECTIONS ................................................ 50 APPENDIX VII A: INTERNET AND LOCAL SURVEYS OF SELECTED WHEAT COLLECTIONS CONTAINING WILD TRITICUM ACCESSIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 52 APPENDIX VIII: GLOBAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY WORKSHOP JUNE 2006 - PROGRAMME ...................... 54 APPENDIX IX: GLOBAL COLLECTIONS OF WHEAT , RYE AND TRITICALE AND RELATED SPECIES GERMPLASM 56 APPENDIX X: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................... 62 DISCLAIMER This document has been developed by the crop experts. The objective of this document is to provide a framework for the efficient and effective ex situ conservation of the globally important collections of wheat, rye and triticale. The Global Crop Diversity Trust (the Trust) provided support towards this initiative and considers this document as a critical framework for guiding the allocation of its resources. However the Trust does not take responsibilities for the relevance, accuracy or completeness of the information in this document and does not commit to funding any of the priorities identified. This strategy document is expected to continue evolving and being updated as and when information becomes available. The Trust therefore acknowledges this version dated 20 September 2007. In case of specific questions and/or comments, please direct them to the strategy coordinator mentioned in the document. Acknowledgement The authors wish to acknowledge the tremendous and enthusiastic interest, support, constructive criticism and willingness to cooperate offered by wheat researchers worldwide in preparation of this strategy, and its anticipated implementation. Incalculable lifetimes of farmers, scientists, curators, processors, bakers and families have been devoted to the betterment of wheat, rye and triticale.
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