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Ansofaxine Hydrochloride Cognitive Impairment

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Ansofaxine Hydrochloride Cognitive Impairment Back to the Future of Psychopharmacology Archives of Psychiatry Research 2021;57:99-102 DOI:10.20471/may.2020.57.01.09 Received October 25, 2020, accepted November 10, 2020 Ansofaxine Hydrochloride cognitive impairment. The listed symptom- atology could be reduced by enhancing the dopamine neurotransmission. Additionally, Ansofaxine hydrochloride (LY03005; the onset of therapeutic action is delayed by LPM570065) is a triple reuptake inhibitor several weeks, which as well acts as a limita- that inhibits serotonin, dopamine and nor- tion in therapeutic efficacy [5]. epinephrine reuptake. This novel triple reup- In a study by Zhang and associates, anso- take inhibitor is a carboxylic acid ester pro- faxine was shown to penetrate the rat stria- drug of desvenlafaxine. It is currently under tum, then convert into desvenlafaxine and development by Luye Pharma Group for manifest elevated total exposure collated with the treatment of major depressive disorder the administration of desvenlafaxine. Bet- - a frequent and heterogeneous disorder in- ter penetration could be explained by slight duced by a complex pattern of genetic, epi- solubility in water and enhanced lipophilicity genetic, developmental, and environmental towards desvenlafaxine, which help desvenla- factors [1-3]. faxine to overcome obstacles of drug deliv- Pathophysiology of depression has been ery in vivo. Acute and chronic administration researched for decades with the aim of pro- of oral suspension of ansofaxine increases ducing adequate pharmacotherapy. Today’s the serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine conventional antidepressants, such as selec- concentration more than the relative admin- tive serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s) istration of desvenlafaxine. Desvenlafaxine and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake has in vitro IC50 values of 53 nM and 538 inhibitors (SNRI’s) involve inhibiting sero- nM for inhibition of serotonin and norepi- tonin and noradrenaline uptake from the nephrine reuptake, while ansofaxine has in synapse. Those mechanisms of action are vitro IC50 values of 723 nM, 763 nM, and congruent with the monoamine hypothesis 491 nM for serotonin, norepinephrine, and of depression [4]. The aforementioned mol- dopamine reuptake inhibition. Ansofaxine ecules are known to be effective, but they demonstrated better antidepressant-like ac- typically have been plagued by anhedonia, tivity in the forced swim test (used to measure sexual dysfunction and inability to improve the depression-like behaviour in rats) after 100 Figure 1. The chemical structure of LPM570065. acute and chronic administration compared Luye Pharma Group commenced anso- with desvenlafaxine. Ansofaxine also attenu- faxine hydrochloride extended release Phase ated the harmful effects of the excessive ac- I healthy volunteer study in Japan at the end tivation of inhibitory 5-HT1A autoreceptors of 2019 [1]. Apart from Japan, the Group is induced by desvenlafaxine. Those effects are executing LY03005 Phase II clinical trial in linked to the fact that it takes several weeks China for Ansofaxine Hydrochloride extend- to produce the antidepressant effect for pa- ed release tablets [6]. As of March 2020, the tients treated with a SSRI or SNRI. Namely, U.S. Food and Drug administration (FDA) the acute elevation of serotonin levels pro- has accepted the filing of a New Drug Ap- duced by SSRI and SNRI activates 5-HT1A plication for LY03005 [7]. autoreceptors and leads to restrained firing All in all, LY03005 is anticipated to aid rates in serotonergic neurons. It is important the preservation of patients’ sexual function, to emphasize that, compared with desvenla- to manifest a better safety profile with more faxine, ansofaxine also might contribute to rapid onset and higher efficacy, consequently the enhancing of dopamine neurochemical providing better options in treatment [8]. Re- activity which could lead to aforementioned search so far indicates that this new molecule reduction of anhedonia, sexual dysfunction could be a promising candidate for depres- and cognitive impairment. Enhancing do- sion treatment because of its comprehensive paminergic neurotransmission could as well targeting of the monoamine system. counter the repercussions on 5-HT1A autore- ceptors. In all probability, the elevation of ex- Assistant Professor Vjekoslav Peitl, MD, PhD tracellular dopamine levels could activate D 2 Darko Vlahović, MD receptors which would then lead to indirect attenuation of the excessive activation of in- hibitory 5-HT1A autoreceptors [3]. Archives of Psychiatry Research 2021;57:99-102 Back to the Future of Psychopharmacology 101 References 5. Stahl SM. Stahlovi temelji psihofarmakologije. Jas- 1. Marketscreener. Luye Pharma: Voluntary An- trebarsko: Naklada Slap; 2017. nouncement – Ansofaxine Hydrochloride extended 6. Reuters. Brief Luye pharma updates on develop- st release tablets commenced (LY03005) commenced ment [Internet]. 2020 [cited November 1 2020]. phase I healthy volunteer study in Japan [Internet]. Available from: https://br.reuters.com/article/ 2020 [cited November 1st 2020]. Available from: brief-luye-pharma-updates-on-development/ https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/ brief-luye-pharma-updates-on-development-of- LUYE-PHARMA-GROUP-LTD-16860092/ ansofaxine-hydrochloride-extended-release-tab- news/Luye-Pharma-VOLUNTARY-AN- lets-idINFWN1PI0OU NOUNCEMENT-ANSOFAXINE-HYDRO- 7. Luye Pharma. NDA Filing for Luye Pharma’s An- CHLORIDE-EXTENDED-RELEASE-TAB- tidepressant Drug LY03005 Accepted by the U.S. LETS-LY03005-C-29718982/ FDA [Internet]. 2020 [cited November 1st 2020]. 2. Hasler G, Drevets WC, Manji HK, Charney DS. Available from: https://www.luye.cn/lvye_en/ Discovering endophenotypes for major depres- view.php?id=1809 sion. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2004;29:1765-81. 8. Luye pharma. Luye Pharma’s Investigational Drug 3. Zhang R, Li X, Shi Y, Shao Y, Sun K, Wang A, et Ansofaxine Hydrochloride Extended Release al. The effects of LPM570065, a novel triple reup- Tablets to Start Clinical Trials in Japan [Internet]. st take inhibitor, on extracellular serotonin, dopa- 2020 [cited November 1 2020]. Available from: mine and norepinephrine levels in rats. PLoS One. https://www.luye.cn/lvye_en/view.php?id=1757 2014;9:e91775. 4. Belmaker R, Agam G. Major depressive disorder. New Engl J Med. 2008;358:55-68. Ansofaxine hydrochloride Archives of Psychiatry Research 2021;57:99-102 .
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