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Sialkot District IIIBII •#•••• i mm mm mill mm nun HUH mm mm mm nun nun I1 *'. • »•«;•• if*1 mm mm mm mm mill HUH mm mm mm mm mm ••• •!•••• ••• •••••• ••• HUH HUH mm mm mm mm mm mm nun mm mm •••••• • »• • •« • •« ••••«• • •« ••*«•• • •« linn nun nun nun mm nun nun nun mm mm mill mmmm b •• ••• »••••• »••• • *• •* M ••••«• ••••*• • o ••«••• ••Ilia mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm HUH nun • mm i mi • • •••••« •• «••••« •• *••••• !*•• • Mill IM" mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm !••••• ••••»• ac • a ••«•«• •• mn mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm ••• ••I Ml *••*•• •••••A • •I Ml mm mm mm mm mm mm mm •••••• •«•••• •••••• mm mm mm mm mm HUH mm mm •••••a • • *•••«• mm mm nun mm mm mm mm mm mm mm Ml • * Ml «••••« Ml III mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm •••••a •••••» •*•••• mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mill nun «&*•»•• mm mm mm mm mm mm mm • I mm mm mm mm mm *••••• ii ii •i II ii mm mm mm mm nun mm mm mm mm ••«••• •••••• mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm •••a* • •••» •••••a •••••• »•••• •»••• nun HUH mm mm mm mm mm nun mm mm •••••« ••••• Hill mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm •••••• • •»•• •••••• •••••• Hill mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm •••••• • •••• •«•••• Hill nun mm mm mm mm nun iifiti uiiii HUH mm i *••••• •••••a •••*•• Hill HUH mm mm mm mm nun nun mm mm mm i *••••• •••••• •••«*• mil mm mm mm UIIII mm mm mm mm • •••a »•••• »•••• mm nun HUH mm mm i Hill mm mill nun mm HUH i mm mm mm UIIII mm nun mm nun mm i *••••• •••••• •••••• • •••• •••••• ••••*• • •*•• Hill mm mm HUH mm mm mm mm HUH mm mm • •••• Hill mm mm mm mm mm HUH mm mm mm Hill mm mm mm mm mm mm •••••« •••••« HUH mm mm mm HUH mm mm •••••• •••••ft mil mm mm HUH mm mm mm •••••• •••••ft •••••• mil mm nun mm mm mm mm mm «•••• •••in inni UIIII nun mill nun GAZETTEER of the 1920 SANG-E-MEEL PUBLICATIONS 25 - SHAHRA-E-PAKISTAN (LOWER MALL), LAHORE-2 PAKISTAN ' PUNJAB DISTRICT GAZETTEERS, VOLUME XXIII-A. SIALKOT DISTRICT 1920. COMPILED AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE PUNJAB GOVERNMENT. o* T-r-' —r Lahore : PBIKTBD BY TBB SPPBBINTENDENT, GOVEBNHKKT Paramo/ PFNJAB. 1021. • * * • 1990 • Published by: NIAZ AHMAD Sangemeel Publication, Lahore. Printed by: R. R. Printers, Lahore. Price: Rs. 150.00 TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER I.—DESCRIPTIVE. Section ^.-—Physical aspects Name in vernacular : area ... Boundaries • • • Rivers • • # Geology and Botany • • • Fauna t • § Climate • • • Rainfall • • • Section B>—History • • • Mnsalman invasions • >r • Sialkot under the Mughals Invasions of the Duranis Rajput ascendancy established i Rise of Ranjit Singh The Mutiny Section C— Population Density • • • Towns and villages- • • • Growth of population t • t Migration • • • r Age statistics ' • • t Vital statistics • • • Diseases • • • Bkth customs • •1 • 9 Sex statistics • • • • Civil condition • • • Language • • Tribes and castes ft Non-Christian religious societies • > • ft 11 PAGES Ecclesiastical administration and Christian missions 58 Occupations • • • • • • 61 ft ft • 62 Food ft • * • • • 63 Dress ft • • • • 65 Jewels ft • • 66 Houses • * » ft ft • 68 Funerals ft • • • • • ft • • ft ft • 69 Amusements • • • Fairs ft • « • • • 71 Names and titles ft • • « • ib. CHAPTER II.—ECONOMIC— Sectirt* ,4.—Agriculture General conditions • • * • • • 76 Systems of cultivation • • • • • • 77 Agricultural population • • t ••• 84 Prinoipal crops • • • • • * 85 Cultivated area • • t • • • 94 Improvements in seed, implements, etc. • • • ib. * Agricultural banks ... 95 Takavi loans • • • •<•• 97 Breeds bf cattle, etc. ... • t • • •• 98 Irrigation... • •« • • • 101 Section B.—Rents, Wages and Prices Rents • • • • • • 107 • • • • • • Wages ••• ••• 110 Prices ••• • • • ••• ••• 113 Material condition of the people • •• • • • 114 Section C.—Forests and Trees • • • • • • 315 Section D.—Mines and Mineral Resources • • • 121 Section E.—Arts and Manufactures Industries ••« • M • •• # 181 Factory industries • •• • •« • •• U8 Tanneries ... • •• • «*t ib. 7 Section J .—Commerce and Trade • •• • •• 129 HI Section G.—Means of Communication PAGES. • • • Railways ... • • • « • t 130 • • • Roads * • • • 131 Ferries » • t • • • • • • » • t 132 Postal arrangements ... « « • • • • 183 Section H.—Famines • • • • • « # • • • • • 183 HAPTER III.— ADMINISTRATIVE Section A.—Administrative Divisions Constitution of the district and subsequent changes 135 General arrangements • • • — 1S7 List of district officers i • • 9 • • 139 Section B.—Civil and Criminal Justice Civil justice « • • • • • • • • 142 Criminal justice • • • • • • • • t ib. Registration I « • • • • 143 -Section C.—Land Revenue— Village communities and tenures .•. 143 Headmen ... • « • > • • • • # 150 Land revenue under native rule ' • • 151 • Settlements and surveys under British rule 155 The record of rights • # t 159 Revenue assignments ... • • • « • • 162 Suspension scheme • • • • • • ib. •Section D.—Miscellaneous Revenue Excise • • • • • • • • • • • • 162 Stamps • • • t • • • • • 164 Income tax» • • • • • t > • • ib. Section j^.—Local and Municipal Government District Hoard • • • t • • • •» 165 Municipal Government • • • • • t Sialkot • •• • • t ff • * 166 • • • • I t Fasrur • • • I • • 167 Notified Areas • • * • •t «•• 163 IV PAGE* c - 1 Section J .—Public -Works • • » • • • 169 « • • Section £.—Army • • • t • • 170 Normal Garrison • tt 170 War History of the Sialkot district t • • 171 Section H.—Police and Jails t • i Police • • * • • • • • * i9a Criminal tribes • • • • • • • • • 199 Jail • • • • • • 201 Section I.—Education and Literacy • • • t « > Literacy ... » • • 202 Schools and Scholars ... • • t • » t ib. Normal Schools i • « • • • ttt ib. Special Schools t t • *>% * • • « ib. Expenditure « • t ¥ • • • • « 203 Printing Presses • • • • • • ib. Section J.—Medical Hospitals.., « * • • • • • • • • 204 Vaccination • « • • • • • • » ib. Village sanitation • • t • • • • •« ib. Appendix • Notes on certain Towns and Villages t Lists explanatory of Map No. 3, re Rest-houses, Schools, Post Offices, etc. v Map No 1 showing Assessment Circles, etc. ev t Map No. 2 showing Zails and T lianas, etc. XVt Map No. 3 stowing schools, etc, ,., .,. evil • CHAPTER I —Descriptive. SECIION A.—PHYSICAL ASPECTS. THE City of Sialkot, which has given its name to the district* Nwme. is believed by the Brahmans to have been founded by one Raja Sul or Sal6, the uncle of the Pandhavas, whose heroic deeds are recorded in the Mahibharata. After his death, some 5,000 years ago, there is a tradition that the dynasty continued for some 1,500 years and then the country was flooded and remained one vast uninhabited region for 1,000 years. The popular belief is that it was re-founded in the reign of Vikramaditya of Ujjain by R&ja S&livahan or Salban, who built the fort and city and gave the place its present name : he was of Sia caste, mention of which is found to this day, and it is believed that the word means the fort of SAlb^n or Sia. Legend also says that S£liv£han had two sons: one, Puran by name, was killed by the instrumentality of a wicked step-mother, and thrown into a well, still the resort of pilgrims, near Si£lkot; the other, Ras&lu, the great mythical hero of Punjab folk tales, is said to have reigned at Sialkot. Towards the end of his reign Ras£lu became involved in wars with Raja Hudi, popularly stated to have been a Gakkhar chieftain. Being worsted in battle, Ras£lu, as the price of peace, was forced to give his daughter in marriage to his conqueror, who gave the territory he had conquered to Basalu*s adopted son. According to a further legend related to •Mr. Prinsep:— " After the death of R£ja Ras&lu, the country i/5 said to have fallen under the curse of Puran (brother of Ras&lu, who had become a/agtr) for 300 years lying totally devastated from famine and incessant plunder/5 • It has recently been suggested that Sialkot is the site of the ancient town of Sakala or Sagal. The area of the district at the last settlement of 1913-14, AM,. was 1,962 square miles, but since then 193 square miles have been transferred to Gujranwala district, and another 216 square miles will shortly be taken away and added to the Sheikhupura district, leaving 1,553 square miles as the future area of Sialtot. The district is in the Lahore Division and lies between north Boundwi*. latitudes 31° 45' and 33° 62', and east longitudes 74° 14' and 75° 3'. It is bounded on the north by Gujrat district and Jammu 2 CHAPTEB I-A. PHY8ICAL ASPECTS. Bousdariei. State ; on the east by Gurdaspur district ; on the south hy Amritsa and on the west by Sheikhupura and ran wala districts __^^^____. ^^^ ape, with a length of breadtli of 46, lying in the liechoa Doab, between the Chenab river on the north and,the Ravi on the south, and is submontane in character. fine obtained at Si&lkot of the Pir Panj&l range of the Hima iyi on north anei ^^^^•^^^^^B^^^^^B^^^^^^^^B Gtntral con The general aspect of the district is a plain slopin down figuration. from the uplands at the base of the Himalayas to the level coun­ try to the south-west, and the general attitude is 800 feet above sea level. Bounded on the north by the Chenab and on the south by the Ravi, the district is fringed on either side by a line of fresh alluvial soil, above which rise the low banks that form the limits of the river beds. At an average distance of 15 miles from the Ravi, another stream, the Degh, which rises in the J*mmu hills, traverses this district and passes on into the district of Sheikhupura. This, too, has upon either bank a fringe of low alluvial soil. With the exceptions thus noted, the district is practically a level plain throughout. Its north-eastern boundr ary is 20 miles distant from the outer line of the Himalayas, but the foot-hills stop short of the district and its surface is a level plain broken only by the rivers Chenab and Ravi, by the Aik and Degh streams and a few ndldi that are little more than drainage chancels. The general slope as indicated by the lines •of drainage is from north* east to south-west.
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