Migration Pattern of Industrial Workers in Bekasi Regency Sony Nugratama Hijrawadia,1, Adriana a Department of Geography Education Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi, Indonesia 1 [email protected] Informasi Artikel A B S T R A K Sejarah artikel Kabupaten Bekasi yang terletak di pheryphery kota Jakarta dan Bekasi, Diterima : 12 Agustus 2019 telah mengalami perkembangan wilayah yang signifikan. Sebagai Revisi : 10 September 2019 kawasan industri, Kabupaten Bekasi sangat menarik bagi calon pekerja. Dipublikasikan : 3 Oktober 2019 Masalah kependudukan yang perlu diperhatikan adalah masalah Kata kunci: ketenagakerjaan. Seiring dengan meningkatnya populasi, jumlah pekerja Tenaga Kerja juga meningkat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi Migrasi Musiman secara geografis daerah asal tenaga kerja industri di Kabupaten Bekasi Industri yang paling dominan, untuk mengetahui karakteristik tenaga kerja sektor Kabupaten Bekasi industri berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan dan kompetensi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survei, dan juga melakukan wawancara kepada pemangku kepentingan yaitu pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Bekasi. A B S T R A C T Keywords: Bekasi Regency, which is located in the periphery cities of Jakarta and Labor Bekasi, has experienced significant regional development. As an industrial Seasonal Migration area, Bekasi Regency is very attractive to prospective workers. The Industry population problem that needs attention is the employment issue. As the Bekasi Regency population increases, the number of workers also increases. The purpose of this study is to geographically identify the area of origin of industrial labor in the Bekasi District which is the most dominant, to find out the characteristics of the industrial sector workforce based on their level of education and competence. This research used a quantitative descriptive method with a survey approach, and also conducted interviews with stakeholders, namely the local government of Bekasi Regency. Introduction favorable but continue to increase due to capital The more developed an area will be of interest to accumulation and technological progress. (Harris migrants who make a positive contribution to & Todaro, 1970) increasing socio-economic accessibility, on the One issue of concern to policymakers is the contrary, the more an area lags behind in the impact of economic growth on employment. A economic aspect, it can be used as an incentive higher growing economy is expected to absorb for residents to move to other regions, especially more labor. (Tjiptoherijanto, 2016) states that at specific age groups to look for opportunities employment elasticity, namely the relationship of work. Understanding rural-urban migration is the economic growth (as seen from GDP growth) and background of this paper to find out how much employment. This indicator of labor elasticity influence migration has. measures the change in labor as a result of At first, economists saw migration as a changes in GDP. So it can be assumed, if the positive thing in development. Internal migration economy grows 1%, how much additional labor (migration between regions of a country) is will be created. considered a natural process that will channel In the development of manpower, which is surplus labor in rural areas to the industrial sector contained in Law Number 13 of 2003 and in cities with higher absorption. This process is Government Regulation Number 15 of 2007 and seen as more socially positive because it allows a Government Regulation Number 78 of 2015 shift in human resources from places where therein is written a Procedure for Obtaining marginal social products are zero to other Manpower Information, Arrangement, and locations where marginal products are not only Implementation of Workforce Planning. The law SPATIAL Journal of Geograhy | 25 provides mandates for the government and position because it is close to Jakarta. To obtain a regional governments to compile and determine reasonably positive impact, the construction of an macro labor planning. industrial area to support activities in Jakarta. But Workforce planning is intended to be used in other areas, this condition does not occur. as a basis and reference in the formulation of This can indicate symptoms that small and policies, strategies, and implementation of medium cities have less role in economic sustainable employment development programs. activities when compared to large cities. Indeed Workforce planning is compiled based on urban economic activity in Indonesia is still very employment information compiled covering: much dominated by big cities. Industrial and population and labor, employment opportunities, service activities in these cities, which are job training, labor productivity, industrial increasingly oriented towards the global relations, working environment conditions, as economy, have stimulated the physical and socio- well as wages and labor welfare. Bekasi Regency economic development of the city, but further as one of the buffer zones of Jakarta, needs to weakened their linkages with the local economy, have planning related to human resources. especially the rural economy. The most obvious The unemployment rate in Bekasi Regency impact is the increase in labor demand, which in based on the 2018 Statistics Agency data reached turn dramatically drives the rate of movement of 172 thousand, this condition is in contrast the population from rural to urban areas. This because 7 industrial areas in the Bekasi Regency study aims to identify the origin of the most should be able to absorb the unemployed dominant industrial workers in the Bekasi District; population of Bekasi Regency. However, the besides that, it is also to obtain information reality is that the population in Bekasi Regency is relating to the characteristics of workers in the not yet fully absorbed by the industry. The industrial sector with educational backgrounds presence of the industry in the Bekasi Regency is and competencies. an attractive factor for residents living outside Bekasi Regency. Method The driving and pulling factors for To analyze and discuss the problems raised on population movements to other regions are the subject matter, the authors use quantitative usually very conditional and casualties. Different methods. The analysis of this method is regional / country characteristics show a positive descriptive, but based on quantitative analysis, it relationship with population movement or means that the discussion is more directed at the migration. Imbalance of environmental factors, decomposition and description of the conditions disruption of security and according to Todaro of the research object based on secondary data (1990), more than 90 percent with economic obtained from related agencies. reasons is a driving force and a very significant attraction for migrant migration. The research sample was obtained by a Research conducted by (Aprianoor & simple random sampling of the local population Muktiali, 2015) shows that in West Java Province, of productive age, as well as workers who there is still an imbalance between regions. This is migrated out of the Bekasi Regency. Information due to the unequal population. Also, the from respondents was then cross-tabulated with characteristics that exist in West Java Province are secondary data (Bekasi District Census data for also different both in economics, demographics 2017 - 2018 obtained from the Bekasi Regency and natural resources. This regional imbalance Regional Development Planning Agency will have an impact on the development in the (BAPPEDA) and other fundamental data such as region itself. Bekasi Regency has a strategic the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), and the Education Office. SPATIAL Journal of Geograhy | 26 Hijrawadi SN | Vol 19 Issue 1 2019 because the opportunities are more open than in Results and Discussion the area of origin, wages are relatively more Industrial Workers Sector by Region of Origin significant compared to working in the area of The existence of industry in the Bekasi origin, as well as the level of education. From the Regency is an attraction for residents both from data obtained (Figure 1) shows that labor Bekasi Regency and outside the Bekasi Regency originating from the area of West Java Province area. The fierce competition for prospective still dominates, then followed by workers coming workers from Bekasi Regency and outside the from Central Java Province. In addition to the region becomes a challenge for the local factors mentioned earlier, a distance factor is also government of the Bekasi Regency. Synergy and an option especially for workers who come from collaboration between sectors are needed, such West Java Province. What's more with the as the Education Officer and the Manpower increasingly connected toll road. Make it easy for Office. The Education Office and the Manpower workers to return to their hometown at any time Office must jointly develop a curriculum that is according to holidays. needed by industry. Based on data on workforce placement obtained from the Bekasi Regency Empowerment and Transmigration Office in the 2014 - 2018 period, there were 39,680 registered workers placed in various industries in the Bekasi District, from the amount of data considered complete and not multiplying. Data in the period 2016 - 2018 totaled 18,000 registered workers and had been placed in the company. From this data, Figure 1. Distribution of Labor by Province information can be obtained