A summaryof bandedNorth Americanbirds encounteredin Europe ]ohn V. Dennis

Introduction

NorthAmerican furnishing European recoveries Greenland's birds being included in both the A.O.U. or encountersare chiefly arctic or northern checklist area (1957)and, for instance,in Vaurie's "The from Greenland and . Greenland alone has Birds of the Palearctic Fauna" (1959). As a rule of supplied 560 European encounters.The Queen Eliza- thumb, the birds on the western side of the island are beth Islands,lying to the west of Greenland,have also derived from, and migrateto, ; thoseon furnished a sizable number of European encounters, the easternside have their affinitieswith Europe.Thus, including63 sightingsof marked (Branta bern/- althoughmost of the European recoveriesof "North clal. American" birds have come from Greenland, it is arguablewhether they are truly New World birds. Banding operations south of the Great Lakes, USA, have furnished only four European encounters.The Iceland,clearly regardedas a part of Europe,is only southernmost North American banded encounter- 440 km (275 mi) away from Greenland; Scotlandand ed in Europe was a SandwichTern (Sternasandvicen- Ireland are about1800 km (1100mi) away.Birds making sis/banded at Cape Lookout,North Carolina. the flight from Greenland to western Europe have Excluding Brant and birds banded in Greenland, the island "steppingstones" available: Iceland, and then- total number of European encountersof North Ameri- 440 km (275 mi) east of Iceland -- the Faeroe Islands. canbirds through1979 stands at 50.These birds, repre- From the Faeroes it is only 300 km (185 mi) to the senting23 species,were encounteredover a wide geo- ShetlandIslands or 320 km (200 mi) to the Orkney graphical area stretchingfrom Iceland and the British Islands off the northern coast of Scotland. Isles to southernEurope, Morocco, and the Azores. Only one passerine,a Snow Bunting (Plectrophenax Southof Greenlandthe distancesare muchgreater. For nivalis) encounteredat sea off Iceland,is represented. example,a bird flyingin a northeasterlydirection from It is believed that mostNorth Americanspecies reach- the New Jerseycoast would have to fly approximately ing Europe crossthe Atlantic Ocean at higher latitudes. 5150km (3200mi) over open ocean in order to reach Ireland. To reach the Azores, which lie due east of the Discussion New Jerseycoast, a bird would have to fly approxi- mately 3700km (2300mi) and then would have about It seemsstrange that of the millions ofbirds banded in another1600 km (1000mi) to Portugal. North America only a small percentagehas been en- counteredin Europe. The explanationlies in geogra- Although distances and directions deter most North phy, weather, and migrationpatterns. American birds (aside from those in Greenland and Greenland,which has producedmost of the European nearby arctic islands)from reachingEurope, there are encounters,is the largestisland in the world, with an many sightrecords each year and bandingre-encoun- area of about 840,000sq mi (200,000,000hectares) and ters are slowly accumulating.Greenland speciesthat all but its coastalstrips are permanently coveredwith have contributedmost heavily to the trans-Atlanticflow glaciers.It is generally consideredas part of North includethe Pink-footedGoose ( brachyrhynchus), America; it lies about 770 km (480mi) to the northeast BarnacleGoose (Branta leucopsis), Arctic Tern (Sterna of the Labrador coastand 320km (200mi) from Baffin paradisaea),Lapland Longspur (Calcarius lapponicus) and Snow Bunting,as well as the Greenland races of Island at their closestpoints. At its northwestcorner it is separatedfrom EllesmereIsland in northermostCan- White-frontedGoose (Anser albiforns), the Northern ada by only a narrow channel. Wheatear (Oenantheoenanthe), and CommonRedpoll (Carduelisflammea). Other far northern speciesthat Faunally,however, Greenland is really Holarcticrather nest,in somecases, quite far west of Greenlandand yet than Palearctic(related to Europe) or Nearctic (related contribute significantlyto the eastward migration to to North America). This dichotomy is reflected by Europe in the fall, are the light-bellied race of the

Page88 North AmericanBird Bander Vol. 6, No. 3 Brant, the Red Knot (Calidriscanutus), and the Ruddy counters(not detailedhere) that supportthis conten- Turnstone (Arenaria interpres). tion.

Asidefrom theseregular migrants there are a numberof EasternGreenland has supplied272 of the encounters other species-- especiallywaterfowl, shorebirds, and listed in this paper, while westernGreenland has 288 gulls-- that appearalong European shores often enough encounters;13 of these were Arctic Terns encountered to suggestthe possibilitythat theyare not merelystrays. in Africa (see Table 2). The strongeast-west faunal Accordingto Gooder(1974), the averagenumber of Surf division of Greenland is clearly seen in banding re- Scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) sighted in British encounters.There are no recordsof eastslope encoun- waterseach year is about100. He alsoreports significant ters from the American continent or its waters, but the yearly numbersof AmericanWigeon (Arias americana), west slopehas suppliedNorth America and its waters the American race of the Green-winged Teal (Arias with no fewer than 365 encounters. Most numerous of creccacarolinensis), Blue-winged Teal (Ariasdiscors), these:the Thick-billedMurre (Uria lornvia),264; Snow and Ring-neckedDucks (Aythya collaris). Bunting,34; King Eider (Somateriaspectabilis), 23; and The numbers of North American shorebirdsthat ap- Northern Fulmar (Fulmarusglacialis), 15. Only a west pear alongthe coastsof Britain eachyear are equally slopeGreenland species figure importantly in European impressive.While the Buff-breastedSandpiper (Tryn- encounters: White-fronted , 240; Arctic Tern, 19 gitessubruficollis) leads all othersin sightings,signifi- (includes13 from Africa); and Northern Wheatear, 10. cant numbers of Lesser Yellowlegs (Tringa fiavipes), Wilson'sPhalaropes (Steganopus tricolor), Long-billed It is interestingthat the westslope has furnishedall 10 Dowitchers(Limnodromus scolopaceus), White-rumped of the Wheatear encounters.According to Snow {1971), Sandpipers(Caldris fuscicollis),Pectoral Sandpipers the Greenland and Labrador races of the Wheatear ' (Calidris melanotos),and Purple Sandpipers(Calidris winter largely in African savannahsfrom Senegalto maritima) are also recorded.The Purple Sandpiper Nigeria, Gongo,and Zambia. Here they are joined by breeds in Iceland and Scandinavia as well but Robert members of the same speciesthat breed in Europe. Hudson{pets. comm.) stated that there seemsto be a Transientsfrom North America have suppliedencoun- trans-Atlanticmovement involving the birds from Gana- ter records while en route through parts of western da also. He stated that there are two east-to-west en- Europe.

Table 1. Foreign encounters of birds banded in East Greenland Germany France Iceland Britain Norway Belgium Spain FaeroesIreland USSR DenmarkNetbids Portugal Total Red-throated Loon 2 2 (Gaviastemlata) 65 170 2 1 1 239 (Brantaleucopsis) Pink-footedgoose 5 5 (Anserbrachyrhynchus) Common Eider 1 1 (Somateria mollissime) KingEider 1 1 (Somateriaspectabilis) RingedPlover 1 1 2 (Charadrius hiaticula) RuddyTurnstone 2 1 3 (Arenariainterpres) Dunlin 6 6 (Calidrisalpine) IvoryGull 2 2 (Pagophilaeburnea) Thick-billed Murre 1 1 (Uria lornvia) SnowBunting 1 7 2 10 (Plectrophenaxnivalis) Total 68 180 9 6 1 8 272

Jul.-Sep. 198• NorthAmerican Bird Bander Page89 SnowBuntings banded on the westslope of Greenland groundsin Ireland, with stopsin Iceland en route. have been encounteredonly in Canada and United Sightingsor encountersof marked birds have been States;Snow Buntingsbanded on the east slope have obtainedfrom England,the Channel Islands,France, been trans-Atlanticencounters only. The main winter- and the Netherlands.Preliminary reports on the Brant ing groundof the east Greenlandbirds appearsto be marking operationshave been supplied by Maltby- the steppesof the SovietUnion/7 encounters}. Prevettet al (1975)and Rutfledge(1977); a fuller analy- sisis beingprepared by the CanadianWildlife Service. Canada'sQueen ElizabethIslands, including Ellesmere and Bathurst, that lie to the west and northwest of Many shorebirdshave been banded in the Queen Greenland, have furnished a sizable number of Euro- Elizabeth Islands and these, togetherwith the Arctic pean encounters.By far the largestnumber 163}have Tern, have supplied8 additionalEuropean encounters been suppliedby nestingBrant. The placingof painted (Table 3). Labrador has produced6 European encoun- aluminum neck-collarson capturedbirds has permitted ters, Newfoundland 1, the Maritime Provinces (and the easyidentification of thesegeese when they appear adjacentregions) 24, and the Great Lakesregion 7. Only elsewhere.Results to date show that thesenortherly- 4 Europeanencounters have been suppliedby birds nestinglight-bellied Brant move chiefly to wintering banded in states south of the Great Lakes.

Table 2. Foreign encounters of birds banded in West Greenland Britain GermanyFrance USA Iceland Ireland NorwayBelgium Spain CanadaFaerees Chanls Denmark Nethlds Portu9al Africa Total Red-throated Loon 1 1 1 3 (GavJastellata) Northern Fulmar 15 2 17 (Fulmarusglacialis) White-fronted Goose 3 21 218 1 243 (Anseralbiforms) Oldsquaw 2 1 1 4 (Clangulahyemalis) KingEider 23 23 (Somateriaspectabilis) RingedPlover 1 1 (Charadriushiaticula) RuddyTurnstone 1 1 2 (Arenariainterpres) Iceland Gull 1 2 2 1 6 (Larusglaucoides) Black-leggedKittiwake 10 1 1 2 14 (Rissatriactyla) Arctic Tern 2 3 1 2 13 21 (Sternaparadisaea) Thick-billed Murre 264 264 (Uria lornvia) Dovekie 3 3 (Allealle) Black Guillemot 2 2 (Cepphusgrylle) Northern Wheatear 4 1 5 10 (Oenantheoenanthe) SnowBunting 34 34 (Plectrophenaxnivalis) Total 359 24 230 4 3 14 13 647

Note: Therewere singleencounters in Canadaof CommonEider (Somateria mollissima), Peregrine Falcon(Falco peregrinus), Parasitic Jaeger (Stercorarius parasiticus), Razorbill (Alca torda), AtlanticPuffin (Fratercula arcfica), and Lapland Longspur (Calcarus lapponicus).

Page90 North American Bird Bander Vol. 6, No. 3 Analysis not necessarilychannelled by way of Iceland (8% of encounters)and the afore-mentionedisland "stepping Forthe sake of brevity, I have confined encounters of stones".This argument is negatedto someextent by the Greenlandbirds to the simple listingsin Tables I & 2. predominantlyarctic or northernorigin of mostspecies In view of the papersalready published or in prepara- reachingEurope in anynumbers. The likely conclusion tion, I am alsoomitting any further referenceto Euro- is that most birds from North America do take the pean Brant encounters.This leaves50 encountersof 23 shorter,more northerlyroute, and move on to the speciesbanded in Canadaor U.S.A.; for further treat- continentwithout lingering in the British Isles.Excep- ment, see Table 3. tionshave to be madefor speciessuch as the Barnacle Goose,Pink-footed Goose, and Brant that have special Virtually all Europeanencounters through 1979 in birds banded in North America are believed to have been winteringgrounds within the BritishIsles. accountedfor in this paper. An earlier summary of Distribution of encounters of North American birds, North American banded birds encounteredin Europe limited to those banded in Canada and the U.S.A. and was written by M.T. Cooke(1945). Very few encounters excludingthe Brant from Canada: Iceland, 4; Shetland existed at this earlier time. Since then, short notices Islands,1; Scotland,2; England,8; Wales,1; Ireland,5; concerningsuch encounters have appearedfrom time WestGermany, 1; Denmark,1; Netherlands,1; France, to time in ornithologicaljournals on both sidesof the 8;Spain, 9; Portugal, 2; Morocco, 1; Azores, 6 -- a totalof Atlantic Ocean.Although this is not a detailedanalysis, 50 birds. I have attempted to bring togetherall European en- counters,published or unpublished,in thispaper. A specialacknowledgement and comments Several records,whose accuracyI doubted,have been I amgreatly indebted toRobert Hudson ofthe British rejected. Among these was a Glaucous-wingedGull Trust for Ornithologyfor his help in the early stagesof (Larusglaucescens) banded as a juvenile on Vancouver this project. Among his contributionsare the data in Island, British Columbia, in July 1969 and reportedly Tables 1 & 2 which he extracted from the Danish encountered at Lake Zurich, Switzerland in November journal Dansk OrnithologiskForenings Tiddskrift. Mr. 1969.Although the band was returned, the encounter Hudson reviewed the encounterdata presentedhere, locationwas so far removedfrom the normal range of lookingat it, so to speak,from the standpointof some- thisgull that the recordwas opento question.Both the one on the receivingend. I would like to share someof bander and finder failed to respondto letters of in- Mr. Hudson's comments. quiry. In a somewhatdifferent category were the en- counterreports of 9, supposedlyNorth Americanband- He was surprised that only two Northern Fulmars ed, Leach's Storm Petrels (Oceanodromaleucorhoa) banded on our side of the North Atlantic have been found dead at Prestwich,Scotland in July1967. It was encounteredin Europeanwaters. He pointed out that discoveredthat these birds had been transportedto no fewer than 30 British banded Fulmars have been Scotlandas part of a homin• experiment. encountered in waters off Newfoundland. Leach'sStorm Petrel No. 311-03136was not part of the Accordingto Hudson,the two Greater Shearwateren- experimentaltransplant project. This bird was banded countersin waters between Englandand Ireland, one as a nestlingon 15 August1962 on Gull Island, Witless in October and one in November, conform to the Bay,Newfoundland. On 9 Januaryit wasfound dead in known pattern of this South Atlantic breeder; it arrives PuntaUmbria, Huelva Province,Spain. first off the Atlantic coasts of the U.S.A. and Canada and then after molting,spreads across to the European Distribution of encounters side later in the season. Fromthe encounters listed in Table 3, it willbe seen In regard to the Leach's Storm Petrel encounterfrom that records are scatteredover a wide geographical the southwestcoast of Spain, Hudson,citing Cramp & Simmons(1977), stated that many of thesepetrels cross area. If migrantsas well as straysfrom North America the Atlantic in the fall to spend the winter off the coast made their way chiefly throughthe British Isles (with of West Africa. He comparedthis movementto that of manystopping off), thispart of Europecould be expec- the Arctic Tern in the same waters. ted to furnish a large percentageof the records.This doesnot prove to be true. Although34% of the encoun- Hudson'scomment regarding the encounterof a North- ters do fall within the British Isles, another 58% is ern Ganneton thenorth coast of Spain:"... interesting distributed through the continentof Europe and the as the first suggestionof possiblecontact between the Azores with one encounter in Morocco. This wide New World and Old Worldpopulations. The lack of sub- distribution could be interpreted to mean that birds speciesin North Atlantic Gannetsmay indicatesome in from North America arrive on a broad front and are terchange(gene flow), thoughmore probablya

Jul.--Sep.1981 North AmericanBird Bander Page91 uniformity of ecologicaland environmentalconditions The three Ring-billed Gull (Larus delawarensis)en- for the specieson both sidesof the ocean." countersfrom relatively southern latitudes (two from Hudson noted that the Little Blue Heron encountered in Spain, one from the Azores) seem like accidentsto Hudson. He points out that there has been an appreci- the Azores representsa new speciesrecord for the able number of sightingsof this speciesin the British westernPalearctic. He pointedout that therehave been Isles, althoughthere have been no bandingre-encoun- 5 trans-Atlanticencounters of the Grey Heron (Ardea ters. cinerea)and 2 of the Little Egret(Egretta garzetta). All were in the Caribbeanregion. He believes that occa- Other Acknowledgements sional individualsof both speciesmigrating between Europe and West Africa are drifted westwardby the I am indebted to the staff of the Bird BandingLaborato- winds at low latitudes. ry, particularly M. Kathleen Klimkiewicz, Patuxent, Maryland for a great deal of help in preparing this Hudson was not surprised at the number of Blue- paper. I am also grateful to the many banderswho wingedTeal encounters.He pointedout that this spe- consentedto my usingtheir records.I am particularly ciesdisperses widely on its migration,some birds even indebted to A.D. Smith and W. R. Whitman of the movingsouth of the Equatorin SouthAmerica. He does Canadian Wildlife Service, Sackville, New Brunswick, not think that this speciesnecessarily crosses the Atlan- without whose cooperationI would not have most of tic any farther south than other of the North American the waterfowl encounters listed in Table 3. Mr. Smith that reach Europe. The distribution of en- wrote me that as of 7 May 1979 he and Dr. Whitman counter records (with no fewer than 6 from southern had 15 Old World encounters,including a Blue-winged Europe and I from just acrossthe Straitsof Gibraltar in Teal from Morocco (see Table 31. An additionalen- Morocco) reflects a strong southerly movement once countersince that letter is a Smith-bandedBlue-winged thisspecies reaches Europe. Teal encounteredin France. It is noteworthy that 16 out In a separate paper Hudson (1977) reported that a of 21 of the waterfowl encounters' from the Old World SemipalmatedPlover (Charadriussemipalmatus) re- can be attributed to the activities of the Sackville office covered in the Azores was a "first" for the western of the Canadian Wildlife Service. Palearctic.There hasbeen a later recordfor England-- Another team, whose cooperationis greatly appreci- a bird seen in the Isles of Scilly in October 1978.The ated, is composedof S.D. MacDonald,director of the Red Knots and Ruddy Turnstonesbreeding in Green- High Arctic ResearchStation and David F. Parmeleeof land and northeasternArctic Canadaapparently winter the University of Minnesota.Their bandingoperations mainly (if not entirely} in the Old World. This is seen at Ellesmereand BathurstIslands initially resultedin a both in encounterrecords of banded birds in Europe Ruddy Turnstoneencounter from Portugal,and an and return recordsof banded birds from the breeding Ellesmere encounter of a turnstone banded in South grounds. Devon,England (Parmelee and MacDonald1960). More That only 6 Arctic Terns from West Greenland and 4 recent encountersfrom the same banding operations include a Red Knot, bandedby Parmelee and encoun- from other parts of North America have been encoun- tered in Denmark and 2 Red Knotsbanded by MacDon- tered in Europe suggeststo Hudson that this species ald and both encountered in France. makesa diagonalcrossing of the openAtlantic, thereby largely by-passingEuropean waters. Salomonson(1967} The above examplesare given not only to express also came to this conclusionbased upon the relatively gratitudebut to pointout the hard workand dedication large numberof Arctic Terns encounteredin Africa (13 thatgoes into mostbanding programs that yield trans- from West Greenland but figuresfor the rest of North Atlantic encounters.Space does not allow properrecog- America were not obtainedby Dennis}. The Common nition of the many banders whose hard work has Tern encounterfrom the Azores has been questioned producedsimilar encounters.• because it could be a misidentified Arctic Tern. But, as Hudsonpointed out, an undoubtedNorthern American CommonTern has been found in West Africa (Raynor Literature cited 1970).Hudson regards the singleencounters of Caspian Tern and SandwichTern in Europe as atypical. He A.O.U. List, 33rdsupplement. 1976. The Au/• 93:875-879 pointedout, however,that neitherbird is separablein Cooke, M.T. 1945. Transoceanic recoveries of banded the field from its Europeancounterpart and therefore birds.Bird-Banding, 16:123-129. the true statusof thesespecies as possiblevagrants is Cramp, $. & K.E.L. Simons. 1977. The birds of the unknown. The Sandwich Tern encounter, he states, westernPalearctic. Vol. 1, Oxford,England. constitutesthe only western Palearctic record of the Gooder, J. 1974. The bird watcher's book. David & race Sterna sandvicensisacufiavidus. Charles,Newton-Abbot, England.

Page 92 North American Bird Bander Vol. 6, No. 3 Hudson,R. 1977.Semipalmated Plover in the Azores. Salomonson,F. 1967.Migratory movements of the Arc- Bull. Brit. Orn. Club. 97:135. tic Tern Sterna paradisaea Pontoppidan) in the Maltby-Prevett,L.S., H. Boyd & J.D. Heyland. 1975. SouthernOcean. Kong. Danske Videnskab.Selskab Observationsin Iceland and northwestEurope of • •Bio.Medd., 24(1)1:42. Brant from the , N.W.T. Snow, D.W. 1971. The status of birds in Britain and Canada.Bird-Banding, 46:155-161. Ireland. BlackwellScientific Pub. Parmelee, D.T. & S.D. MacDonald. 1960. The birds of Vaurie, C. 1959. The Birds of the Palearctic Fauna. west-centralEllesmere Island and adjacentareas. London,Witherby. National Museum of CanadaBulletin, No. 169. Raynor, G.S. 1970. An African recovery of a North P.O. Box 116, Princess Anne, MD 21853 AmericanCommon Tern. Bird-Banding,41:310-311. (Ed. note: The term "encounter," rather than "recov- Rutfledge,R.F. 1977.Further observationsin Ireland of ery," is usedthroughout the abovearticle in accordance Brent (sic) Geese (Branta bernicla) banded in the with the B.B.L.'spreference. See North American Bird Canadian Arctic Islands. Irish Birds, 1:65-67. BandingManual Vol. 1, Part4, pp 12-13.)

Table3. Birdsbanded on the NorthAmerican continent. Encounters in or nearEurope

Northern Fulmar (Fulmarusglacialis) 726-57048:Banded: Adult. At seaoff Labrador, Canada. 7 May 1970 Encountered:Captured and released, Heimaey (Vestmannaeyjar), Iceland. 15 March 1972 408567:Banded: Adult. At seaoff Labrador, Canada. 2 July 1970 Encountered:Details unknown. Great Saltee (Wexford) Ireland. 31 May 1975 406943:Banded: Adult. At seaoff Labrador, Canada. 4 April1966 Encountered:Details unknown. Insel Wangerrooge, OstFriesische Inseln, West Germany. 27January 1967

Greater Shearwater(Puffinus gravis) 626-32638:Banded: Adult. Bay of Fundy,New Brunswick,Canada. 22 July 1965 Encountered:Details unknown. Labadie Bank, St. George'sChannel between England and Ireland (closerto Ireland). 14 November1967 756-12207:Banded: Adult. Bay of Fundy,Canada. 18 July 1972 Encountered:Caught, 15 miles s. of BishopLight (Isles of Scilly),England. October 1973

Leach'sStorm Petrel (Oceanodromaleucorhoa) 311-03136:Banded: Immature. Witless Bay, Newfoundland, Canada. 15 August 1962 Encountered:Details unknown. Punta Umbria (Hue]va}, Spain. 9 January1963

NorthernGannet (Morus bassanus) 508-00379:Banded: Immature. Bonaventure Island, Quebec, Canada. 9 September1967 Encountered:Caught in fishinggear, Cabo de Penas, Oviedo, Spain. 30 November 1970

Little Blue Heron (Floridacaerulea) 676-94140:Banded: Immature. Margate, New Jersey,USA. 28 June 1964 Encountered:Details unknown.Santa Cruz, Flores,Azores. 28 November1964

Jul.--Sep.1981 NorthAmerican Bird Bander Page93 Mallard [Anas platyrhynchosl 1027-01598:Banded: Immature. SaginawBay, Lake Huron, Michigan. USA. 19 August1975 Encountered:Shot. Akranes, Borgarfjardar, Iceland. 3 January1978

Black Duck fAnasrubipes) 1027-68721:Banded: Immature.Grand Lake, New Brunswick,Canada. 27 July1976 Encountered:Shot. Vendays, Gironde, France. 12 October1976

Common Pintail (Anas acura) 486-20729: Banded: Immature. Tinker Harbour,Labrador, Canada. 19 August1948 Encountered:Shot. Near StokeGabriel, Devon, England. 15 September1948 506-65268: Banded: Immature.Tinker Harbour,Labrador, Canada. 7 September1951 Encountered:Shot. Mudeford, Christchurch, Hampshire, England. 25 September1951 726-67477: Banded:Immature. Mount Stewart,Prince Edward Island, Canada. 18 August 1969 Encountered:Shot. Ballysadare Bay, Sligo,Ireland. 29 January1974

Green-wingedTeal (Anascrecca) 544-90483:Banded: Immature. Queenstown, New Brunswick,Canada. 22 August1970 Encountered:Shot. St. Mary's, Isles of Scilly, England.2 January1971 544-86731:Banded: Immature. Murray Harbour,Prince Edward Island, Canada. 1.6 August 1970 Encountered:Shot. Heimaey (Vestmannaeyjar),Iceland. 17 April 1979

Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors) 715-56315:Banded: Immature.Sackville, New Brunswick,Canada. 26 July1971 Encountered: Shot. Aaro (Jutland],Denmark. 25 August1972 715-56317: Banded: Immature. Sackville,New Brunswick,Canada. 26 July1971 Encountered; Shot. Marriesham(Suffolk], England. 10 October1971 805-51609: Banded: Immature. Queenstown,New Brunswick,Canada. 1 August1977 Encountered: Shot. Mortagne(Gironde], France. 30 September1977 805-51593: Banded: Immature. Queenstown,New Brunswick,Canada. 29 July1977 Encountered: Shot. La Junquera(Gerona], Spain. 23 October1977 715-50610: Banded: Immature. Springhill,Nova Scotia,Canada. 1 August1969 Encountered: Shot. Alicante,Spain. 18 September1969 815-16860: Banded: Immature. Springhill,Nova Scotia,Canada. 14 August1978 Encountered: Shot. Torre de Moncorvo(Tras osMontes], Portugal. 29 October1978 715-68364: Banded: Immature. Charlottetown,Prince Edward Island, Canada. 28 August1973 Encountered: Shot. Ebro Delta (Tarragona],Spain. 6 January1974. 715-56804: Banded: Immature. Mount Stewart,Prince Edward Island,Canada. 12 September1971 Encountered: Shot. SantaPola (Alicante],Spain. 31 October1971 725-65472: Banded: Immature. Mount Stewart,Prince Edward Island,Canada. 1 September1970 Encountered: Shot. Tetuan, Morocco. 10 October 1970 675-67630: Banded: Immature. Oshawa,Ontario, Canada.20 September1971 Encountered: Shot. Terceira, Azores. 22 November 1971

Page94 NorthAmerican Bird Bander Vol. 6 No. 3 American Wigeon (Anasamericana) 665-58773:Banded: Immature. Grand Lake, New Brunswick,œ;anada. 5 August1966 Encountered:Shot. Loch of Mails, Sumburgh,Shetland, Scotland. 7 October1966 696-43358:Banded: Immature. Grand Lake, New Brunswick,Canada. 29 August1968 Encountered:Shot. Banna, Tralee, Kerry, Ireland. 12 October1968 856-61413:Banded: Immature. Murray Harbour,Prince Edward Island,Canada. 30 August1977 Encountered:Shot. Tuam, Galway,Ireland. 8 October1977

Ring-neckedDuck (Aythyacollaris) 726-58049:Banded: Immature. Sackville, New Brunswick,Canada. 7 September1967 Encountered:Shot. Llangorse (Brecon), Wales. 26 December1967

American Coot (Fulicaamericana) 616-41882:Banded: Age unknown. Oshawa, Ontario, Canada. 30 August 1971 Encountered:Caught and released.Lajes, Flores, Azores. 25 October1971

SemipalmatedPlover (Charadrius semipalmatus) 1041-84883:Banded: Adult. Madeleine Islands, Quebec, Canada. 24 July 1972 Encountered:Caught by hand.Santa Maria, Azores. 23 September 1972

RuddyTurnstone (Arenaria interpres) 502-75249:Banded: Immature. Eureka, , N.W.T., Canada. 5 July1955 Encountered:Shot. Esposende, Minho, Portugal. 11 September1955 1013-60607:Banded: Adult. Alert, Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Canada. June 1974 Encountered:Caught and released. Walney Island (Cumbria), England. 29 October 1977

Red Knot(Calidris canutus) 502-75260:Banded: Immature. Eureka, Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Canada. 9 July1955 Encountered:Caught and released. St. Kilda (Western Isles), Scotland. 22 August 1961. Reencounter: Sameplace -- 5 September1961 762-30120:Banded: Adult. Alert, Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Canada. 8 June1974 Encountered:Trapped and released. Friskney (Lincoln), England. 18 August 1974 623-17194:Banded: Immature. Bathhurst Island, Canada. 15 July 1976 Encountered:Shot. Ile de Re (CharenteMaritime), France. 16 October 1977 1013-60208:Banded: Immature. Bathhurst Island, Canada. 20 July 1976 Encountered:Shot. Dunkerque (Nord), France. 27 August 1976 963-88633:Banded: Immature. Bathhurst Island, Canada. 14 July 1977 Encountered:Obtained. St. Michel En l'Herm (La Rochelle), France. 11 November 1979

Herring Gull (Larusargentams) 366.48130:Banded: Immature. Kent Island, New Brunswick, Canada. 13 August 1936 Encountered:Came aboard ship at sea. 300 miles (480 km) NW of Cape Finisterre, Spain. November 1937

Jul.-Sep.1981 NorthAmerican Bird Bander Page95 Ring-billed Gull (Larusdelawarensis) 416-69469: Banded: Immature.Georgian Bay, Lake Huron, Ontario,Canada. 10 June1945 Encountered:Shot. Horta, Fayal, Azores.4 November 1945 495-61393: Banded: Immature.Ossineke, Lake Huron, Michigan,USA. 14 June1950 Encountered:Caught in fishingnet. Vigo,Pontevedra, Spain. 18 January1951 575-00956: Banded:Immature. Hillier, Lake Ontario,Ontario, Canada. 27 June1964 Encountered:Captured. Barbate, Cadiz, Spain. 20 January1965

Common Tern (Svernahirundo) 563-68717:Banded: Immature.Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA. 3 July1956 Encountered:Captured and released.Baia de Sao Lourenco,Santa Maria, Azores.October 1964

Arctic Tern (Sternaparadisaea) 483-27338: Banded:Immature. Machias Seal Island, Bay of Fundy,New Brunswick,Canada. 18 July 1948 Encountered:Found dead. Kylesku Ferry, Sutherland, Scotland. September 1948 33-54279: Banded:Immah•re. Machias Seal Island, Bay of Fundy,New Brunswick,Canada. 20 July1935 Encountered:Captured. St. Nazaire,Loire Aftantique,France. 8 October1935 548656: Banded:Immature. Turnevik Bay, Labrador,Canada. 22 June1927 Encountered: Recovered.La Rochelle, Charente Maritime, France. I October 1927 813-10873: Banded:Immature. , N.W.T., Canada.7 August1967 Encountered:Found dead. Baie de Bourgneuf,Vendee, France. 4 October1967

SandwichTern (Sternasandvicensis) 1363-15540:Banded: Immature. Cape Lookout, North Carolina,USA. 23June 1978 Encountered:Found dead. Veerse Meet, Zeeland, Netherlands. 23 December 1978

Caspian Tern (Sterna caspia) 566280:Banded: Immature. Beaver Island, Lake Michigan,Michigan, USA. 14 July1927 Encountered:Found dead. Whitby, North Yorkshire,England. August 1939

Snow Bunting (Plectrophenaxnivalis) 411-07510:Banded: Adult. Millbrook,Dutchess County, New York, USA. 20 January1941 Encountered:Landed on ship at sea.20 miles [32km) off Iceland.18 April 1941 The SnowBunting is presumedto have belonged to oneof the Greenlandpopulations, since Iceland is oc- cupiedby a mainlyresident subspecies, insulae. West Greenland Snow Buntings winter in NorthAmeric- a, EastGreenland birds in Russia;presumably, the bird in questionbelonged to theWest Greenland pop- ulation.

Page 96 North American Bird Bander Vol. 6, No. 3