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Scaphidiinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Fauna of New Zealand 48, 94 Pp

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Scaphidiinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Fauna of New Zealand 48, 94 Pp INVERTEBRATE SYSTEMATICS ADVISORY GROUP REPRESENTATIVES OF L ANDCARE RESEARCH Dr D. Choquenot Landcare Research Mount Albert Research Centre Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Dr T.K. Crosby and Dr M.-C. Larivière Landcare Research Mount Albert Research Centre Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF U NIVERSITIES Dr R.M. Emberson Ecology and Entomology Group Soil, Plant, and Ecological Sciences Division P.O. Box 84, Lincoln University, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF MUSEUMS Mr R.L. Palma Natural Environment Department Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa P.O. Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF O VERSEAS I NSTITUTIONS Dr M. J. Fletcher Director of the Collections NSW Agricultural Scientific Collections Unit Forest Road, Orange NSW 2800, Australia * * * SERIES EDITOR Dr T. K. Crosby Landcare Research Mount Albert Research Centre Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Fauna of New Zealand Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa Number / Nama 48 Scaphidiinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) Ivan Löbl Muséum d’histoire naturelle, CP 64434, CH-1211 Genève 6, Switzerland [email protected] and Richard A. B. Leschen Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand [email protected] Manaaki W h e n u a PRESS Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand 2003 4 Löbl & Leschen (2003): Scaphidiinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) Dedication Because of the extenisve work by one of us in Nepal and other regions of the Himalayas (Ivan Löbl) and our respect for mountaineering and the quest for knowledge, we dedicate this work to Sir Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tensing to mark the 50th anniversary of their ascent to the summit of Mt Everest in 1953 (new species honouring each of these men are included in the study). We would also like to dedicate this study to those who have inspired us deeply by their science, art, and heroism: Alfred Russel Wallace, for his biogeography and natural history; Charles Michener and John Lawrence, for their comprehensive work on their favourite groups of insects (bees and beetles, respectively); Ernst Shackleton, for his endur- ing expedition to Antarctica; and Jerry Garcia and David Lynch for their contributions to art, music, and culture. Copyright © Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd 2003 No part of this work covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping information retrieval systems, or otherwise) without the written permission of the publisher. Cataloguing in publication LÖBL, IVAN Scaphidiinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) / Ivan Löbl & R. A. B. Leschen – Lincoln, Canterbury, N.Z. : Manaaki Whenua Press, 2003. (Fauna of New Zealand, ISSN 0111–5383 ; no. 48). ISBN 0-478-09353-5 I. Leschen, Richard A. B. II. Title III. Series UDC 595.763.33 Suggested citation: Löbl, L.; Leschen, R. A. B. 2003. Scaphidiinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Fauna of New Zealand 48, 94 pp. Prepared for publication by the series editor using computer-based text processing, layout, and printing at Landcare Research, Mt Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand M~ori text by H. Jacob, Huatau Consultants, Levin. Published by Manaaki Whenua Press, Landcare Research, P.O. Box 40, Lincoln, Canterbury, N.Z. Website: http://www.mwpress.co.nz/ Printed by PrintLink Ltd, Wellington Front cover: Brachynopus scutellaris (Redtenbacher, 1867) (Illustrator: D. W. Helmore). Publication of the Fauna of New Zealand series is the result of a research investment by the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology under contract number C09X0202. Fauna of New Zealand 48 5 POPULAR SUMMARY HE WHAKARAPOPOTOTANGA Class Insecta Order Coleoptera Family Staphylinidae Subfamily Scaphidiinae Scaphidiine beetles The subfamily Scaphidiinae is composed of approxi- Illustration / Whakaahua: Brachynopus scutellaris mately 1400 species worldwide, and until very recently (Redtenbacher, 1867) (Illustrator / Kaiwhakaahua: D. W. was considered a separate family from Staphylinidae (rove Helmore). beetles). All species have a very similar robust body form, most species are black in colour and shiny; but, on ~ § closer inspection, excellent features can be used to distin- Ng P tara Scaphidiine guish the species. All scaphidiines feed on fungus and Huri i te ao, kei te ~hua 1400 ng~ momo o te wh~nau-iti often have very well defined host-use patterns. Some Scaphidiinae. Tae mai ki n~ tata nei, t‘r~ te pÇh‘h‘ he species are found in termite nests of fungus-cultivating wh~nau wehe motuhake ‘nei i ng~ Staphylinidae (ng~ species in Asia and Africa. Some scaphidiines also have p§tara ‘kaewa’). Katoa ng~ momo, he tinana ruarangi, he associations with slime moulds (Myxomycetes), amoe- pango te nuinga, he mÇhinuhinu anÇ. Engari kia ~ta tirohia, boid creatures once classified as fungi, but having bodies ka kitea Çna ~huatanga wh~iti hei ~whina i te tangata ki te that are multinucleate and slither across the soil in search wehewehe i t‘n~ momo, i t‘n~ momo. He kai harore a ng~i of food and for a place to fruit and distribute their spores. scaphidiine, otir~, he motuhake te ~hua o t~ t‘n~, o t~ t‘n~ Their rather interesting body form, morphology, and biol- whakamahi i te harore e nohoia ana e ia. Kitea ai ‘tahi ogy make this group one of the more intrinsically inter- momo i ng~ kÇhanga o ‘tahi pÇpokotea waihanga harore o esting members of Staphylinidae. }hia me }wherika. He hononga Ç ‘tahi scaphidiine ki ng~ A stable classification for the entire world fauna does pãhekaheka h~wareware (ng~i Myxomycetes) — he hanga not exist for Scaphidiinae, but New Zealand is particu- ~hua rite ‘nei ki te amoeba i k§ia he harore i mua atu, engari larly important to its development because it contains ko te tinana, he whai karihi maha, ~, ka manini haere i te some of the most primitive members of the group. In an mata o te oneone ki te kimi kai m~na, ki te kimi w~hi pai effort to make this group more accessible, we revise the r~nei hei tuku i ana pua atua. N~ te ~hua rerek‘ o te hanga New Zealand’s fauna that is composed of 21 endemic and o te tinana, ng~ w~hanga tinana, me te koiora o ‘nei momo, 2 introduced species, 15 of which are described as new. A kua noho koinei t‘tahi o ng~ k~hui Staphylinidae key to the species is provided and diagnoses for the gen- whakam§haro tonu. era include characters diagnostic for larvae. Distribution K~ore anÇ kia takoto he whakarÇpãtanga pãmau mÇ and other biological information is summarised for each ng~ Scaphidiinae katoa puta noa i te ao. Heoi, he w~hi nui species. Cyparium is recorded for the first time in New tonu kei ‘r~ o Aotearoa, i te mea kei konei e noho ana ‘tahi Zealand and is represented by two new species. This is o ng~ momo onamata. Kia m~rama ake ai t~tou ki ng~ particularly significant since this genus is rather primi- momo o konei, kua tirohia anÇ te katoa o t‘nei k~hui iti — tive, is generally tropical, and in this part of the world has e 21 ng~ momo nÇ konei taketake ake, e 2 ng~ r~waho, ~, (continued overleaf) (haere tonu) 6 Löbl & Leschen (2003): Scaphidiinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) been reported only from Java. Our New Zealand species o roto i t‘r~, 15 ng~ momo e k§ia ana he momo hou. Kua are very similar to at least one member found in South takoto anÇ he ara tautohu, ~, kei ng~ kupu wehewehe i ng~ Africa. The endemic genus Brachynopus originally in- puninga ‘tahi kupu wehewehe anÇ i ng~ torongã. Kua cluded one species but is here expanded to include three puta he whakar~popototanga o ng~ w~hi noho o ia momo, additional species. We also describe the genus me ‘tahi atu kÇrero koiora mÇ t‘n~, mÇ t‘n~. K~tahi anÇ a Notonewtonia, which has two members; this genus has Cyparium ka kitea i Aotearoa nei, ~, e rua Çna momo hou. strange fovea-like structures on the hypomeron. Both He mea nui t‘nei i te mea nÇ tua whakarere t‘nei puninga, these genera are very primitive members of the tribe ar~ tÇna tino w~hi noho e mÇhiotia ana ko ng~ whenua Scaphisomatini. The remaining species belong to the wide- p~rãrã, ~, taka mai ki t‘nei w~, ko Java anake te w~hi i spread genera Baeocera and Scaphisoma. The genus t‘nei pito o te ao kua kitea ia i reira. Ko ng~ momo kei Baeocera includes 12 species (10 new) and the species Aotearoa nei, he ~hua rite tonu ki t‘tahi i }wherika ki te Baeocera actuosa, found commonly on slime moulds, Tonga. Ar~ t‘tahi o ng~ puninga tãturu o konei ko and which is the only species of New Zealand scaphidiine Brachynopus te ingoa, i whakaarohia kotahi anÇ tÇna with a subapical gonostyle (a process on the female ovi- momo, engari in~ianei kua kitea ‘tahi atu momo e toru. positor or egg laying structure). The genus Scaphisoma Kei te whakaahuatia anÇ hoki te puninga Notonewtonia includes three species – two introduced and one endemic. me Çna momo e rua e mÇhiotia ana. He mea rerek‘ Ç te While some species are widespread throughout the puninga nei, he hanga ~hua rite ki te m~rua i ng~ taha o te country, other species are more regionally distributed, w~hanga whakamua o te poho. E rua, e rua ‘nei puninga, like a group of species of Baeocera present in the north- nÇ te iwi Scaphisomatini, ka mutu, nÇ tua whakarere. Ko western Nelson portion of the South Island. About half ‘r~ atu momo, nÇ ng~ puninga horahora e k§ia ana ko the New Zealand species are flightless and lack well-de- Baeocera me Scaphisoma.
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