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BIENNIAL REPORT 2018 – 2019 Das Titelbild Zeigt Die Skizze Eines Möglichen Extrasolaren Planetensystems

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BIENNIAL REPORT 2018 – 2019 Das Titelbild Zeigt Die Skizze Eines Möglichen Extrasolaren Planetensystems BIENNIAL REPORT 2018 – 2019 Das Titelbild zeigt die Skizze eines möglichen extrasolaren Planetensystems. Die Erforschung von Planeten um andere Sterne gehört zu den sich am schnellsten entwickelnden Themengebieten der modernen Astronomie. Ob diese Planeten Leben beherbergen können, hängt von der Stabilität der physikalischen Bedingungen und ihrer Umgebung ab. Am AIP konzentriert sich seit 2018 Katja Poppenhäger auf die Erforschung der gemeinsamen Entwicklung von Planeten und ihren Heimatsternen. Mit ihrem Team untersucht sie verschiedene Aspekte von Planetensystemen, wie die mag­ ne tische Aktivität der Sterne, die Planetenatmosphären und die Entstehung von protoplanetaren Scheiben. The cover shows the sketch of a potential extrasolar planetary system. The study of planets around other stars is one of the most rapidly developing research fields in modern astronomy. Whether those planets might harbour life depends on the environment and stability of its physical conditions. Katja Poppenhäger at AIP has been focusing on the study of the combined evolution of planets and their host stars since 2018. Her team conducts research into several aspects of star­exoplanet systems such as stellar magnetic activity, exoplanetary atmospheres, and the formation of proto­ planetary disks. Der äußerste Planet unseres Sonnensystems, Neptun, aufgenommen mit adaptiver Optik. Ein Team des AIP erprobte im Juni 2018 den neuen Beobachtungsmodus mit dem Instrument MUSE am Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile. Die angewandte Technik unterdrückt die störenden Effekte der Erdatmosphäre besser als je zuvor und erzeugte so ein sehr scharfes Bild von Neptun, der einst im Jahre 1846 an der Berliner Sternwarte, einem Vorgänger- institut des AIP, entdeckt wurde. The outermost planet of our solar system, Neptune, observed with adaptive optics. In June 2018, AIP astronomers tested the new observation mode with the MUSE instrument at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile. The technology suppresses the blurring effects of the Earth’s atmosphere better than ever before and produced this very sharp image of Neptune. The planet was discovered in 1846 at the Berlin Obser- vatory, a predecessor of AIP. (Credit: AIP / P. Weilbacher) Unser Heimatstern, die Sonne, beobachtet vom Weltraum mit dem Solar Dynamics Observatory der NASA. Die ruhige Sonnenkorona zeigt besonders gut sichtbare koronale Schleifen mit Millionen Grad heißem Plasma. Die Sonne ist der einzige Stern, bei dem wir die Struktur und Dynamik auf der Oberfläche auflösen können und spielt daher eine wichtige Rolle für das Verständnis anderer Sterne. Our star, the Sun, observed from space with NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory. The solar quiet corona shows coronal loops containing million-degree hot plasma along the magnetic field lines. The Sun is the only star for which we can resolve the structure and dynamics on the surface and therefore plays an important role in understanding other stars. (Credit: NASA / SDO / A. Diercke) 2 BIENNIAL REPORT 2018 / 2019 SEHR GEEHRTE LESERINNEN UND LESER, LIEBE HIMMELSBEGEISTERTE, DEAR READERS, DEAR SKY ENTHUSIASTS, Matthias Winker, Klaus G. Strassmeier, Matthias Steinmetz Die aktuelle Situation um die COVID­19­Pandemie lässt die Jahre Fachliteratur Eingang, sie haben auch immer wieder Wirkung weit 2018 und 2019 wie eine Ewigkeit zurückliegend erscheinen. Auch in die Öffentlichkeit hinein, in Deutschland und weltweit. Praktisch wenn der vorliegende Bericht die Zeit vor der Pandemie betrifft, wöchentlich wird ein neuer Exoplanet entdeckt. Es existieren nun­ die Erstellung fällt mitten in die Monate des Frühjahrs 2020, in mehr sogar Bilder von Schwarzen Löchern, Mutter Sonne werden dem das öffentliche Leben weitgehend zurückgefahren wurde. Aus­ immer noch Geheimnisse entrissen und große Teleskope und wirkungen davon werden Sie auch an der ein oder anderen Stelle Satelliten dringen immer tiefer in die Weiten des Kosmos vor. Das des Berichts finden – und sei es nur im Format der Gruppenfotos, Leibniz­Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) sieht sich auch die während Homeoffice und Videokonferenzen entstanden sind. als Mittler zwischen astrophysikalischer Spitzenforschung und dem Interesse der breiten Bevölkerung. Dies beschränkt sich Von der Pandemie unbeeinflusst sind jedoch die Objekte des jedoch nicht nur auf die Objekte des Himmels: Für den Bau von Himmels – die Sonne, die Sterne oder entfernte Galaxien. Bilder Teleskopen und ihrer ausgeklügelten Messeinrichtungen benötigen von diesen Objekten finden nicht nur in die wissenschaftliche wir optische Präzisionselemente, bessere Detektoren basierend VORWORT PREFACE 3 auf neuen Materialien und fortgeschrittenen Verfahren zum Umgang are not only used in scientific literature, they also continue to have mit Trillionen von Bytes in vernetzten parallelen Supercomputern. an effect far into the public domain, in Germany and worldwide. Die hierbei entwickelten Methoden finden Anwendung in modernen Nearly every week a new exoplanet is discovered. There are Produkten und Verfahren unserer Technologiegesellschaft bis hin now even pictures of black holes; secrets are still being wrested zur Medizintechnik. from Mother Sun, and large telescopes and satellites continue to explore the vastness of the cosmos. The Leibniz Institute for Der vorliegende Rückblick des AIP auf die Jahre 2018 und 2019 Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP) also sees itself as a mediator between präsentiert aktuelle Fragen aus der modernen Astrophysik, die uns top-level astrophysical research and the interests of the general in Potsdam beschäftigen. Sich diesen Fragen zu stellen, war nur public. However, this is not limited to the objects in the sky: For möglich dank der Unterstützung unserer Förderer aus den Ländern, the construction of telescopes and their sophisticated measuring dem Bund und der EU. Sie zu beantworten gelang dank des un- equipment we need optical precision elements, better detectors ermüdlichen Einsatzes unserer rund 200 Mitarbeiterinnen und Mit- based on new materials and advanced methods for handling trillions arbeiter und der zahlreichen Partnereinrichtungen weltweit. of bytes in networked parallel supercomputers. The methods developed here are becoming an integral part of modern products Lassen Sie sich mit dem Bericht ein wenig von den Wundern des and processes in our technology society, up to and including Himmels verzaubern. Gerne zeigen wir das AIP und seine Forschung medical technology. auch bei einem Besuch in Babelsberg im Rahmen der zahlreichen Formate für die interessierte Öffentlichkeit. The present review of AIP for the years 2018 and 2019 shows the current questions from modern astrophysics that we are dealing with in Potsdam. To face these questions was only possible The current situation regarding the COVID-19 pandemic makes thanks to the support of our funders from the federal states, the the years 2018 and 2019 seem like an eternity ago. Although this federal government and the EU. Any progress we have made report covers the period before the pandemic, it was prepared in in answering them comes thanks to the tireless efforts of our the middle of spring 2020, when public life was largely cut back. approximately 200 employees and numerous partner institutions You will also see the effects of this in one place or anotherin the worldwide. report – if only in the format of the group photos taken during videoconferences while working from home. Let the report enchant you a little with the wonders of the sky. We would also be happy to show AIP and its research to the interest- However, the objects in the sky – the Sun, stars, or distant galax- ed public during a visit to Babelsberg within the framework of our ies – are unaffected by the pandemic. Pictures of these objects numerous events. Prof. Dr. Matthias Steinmetz Matthias Winker Prof. Dr. Klaus G. Strassmeier Wissenschaftlicher Vorstand, Administrativer Vorstand Direktor Forschungsbereich Direktor Forschungsbereich „Kosmische Magnetfelder“ „Extragalaktische Astrophysik“ 4 BIENNIAL REPORT 2018 / 2019 Der AIP-Campus in Potsdam-Babelsberg mit dem Schwarzschildhaus und der Bibliothek. The AIP campus in Potsdam-Babelsberg with the Schwarzschildhaus and the library. (Credit: AIP) Das Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) ist eine By statute, the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP) Stiftung des bürgerlichen Rechts und betreibt wissenschaftliche is a civil law foundation created for the purpose of conducting Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Astrophysik. Das Forschungsprofil scientific research in the area of astrophysics.The research des AIP umfasst Themen der Astronomie und Astrophysik, die profile of AIP covers topics in astronomy and astrophysics von der Sonnenphysik bis zur Entwicklung des Kosmos reichen. ranging from solar physics to the evolution of the cosmos. Diese Forschung ist in den zentralen Forschungs bereichen Its research is organised into two central research areas: Kosmische Magnetfelder und Extragalaktische Astrophysik orga- Cosmic Magnetic Fields and Extragalactic Astrophysics. These nisiert. Die beiden Forschungsbe reiche werden durch den Be- two research areas are complemented by the area Develop- reich Entwicklung von Forschungstechnologie und -infrastruktur ment of Research Technology and Infrastructure. Its aim is to ergänzt, der zukünftige astronomische Instrumentierungen, design and develop the future astronomical instrumentation, Datenanalysewerkzeuge und Rechendienste entwirft und ent- data analysis tools, and computing services needed to fulfil
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