INDUSTRIAL 140/ SPRING E S 20(J7 THT BULLTTIN OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCHATOLOGY FREE TO MEMBERS OF AIA

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British Archaeological Awards o World Heritage mining lands,cape. Danish Museums French mills o Essex Housing o Potteries gloom o letters . regiional news o publications The British Archaeological Awards

AIA fhe 2006 Btitish Archaeological Awards were Perhaps as expected, and especially as the presented on Monday 6 Novenber at the Custard presentations were beinq held within it, the Factoty, Digbeth, Birmingham, by well-know winner was the Custard Factory, Digbeth (see // INDUSTRIAL televkion pe5onality Ptofessor Mick Aston, who News 139, pp 13-14).Ihe effect that the re'use of hinself cones fron the West Midlands. He was the custard Factory has produced on its locality is ARCHAEOLOGY wearing his faniliar striped jersey, and there is just the kind of rejuvenation of a distri(t, givrng now a Mick Aston Prcsentation Awad. Here are historic buildings long'term sustainability NEWS 14O brief descriptions ol the winners and some through an ability to generate wealth, that the Spring 2OO7 runners-up ol inmediate interest to industrial judges look for The Award Certificate was archaeologists. fhanks are due to Professor David received on behalf of the Custard tactory by Beth Breeze for a good deal of the information, and Massey. For previous winners of our AIA Award Andrew and Rob Selkirk ofCurrent Archaeology see lA News 137 page 6. ll Heft€y Road Balh BA2 20R for naking available the photographs. tor theYoung Archaeologist of the YearAward, this time the study of buildinqs was the theme and 5.hool ol Ar.hae.ogy ind Anr efl ll nor), Unirre6rty of buildings investigated included The London Eye, L€l(esler, Le.e(er LE1 7RH Robert Carr the Globe Theatre, the home of Newcastle United Mike Eone football team, windmillt watermills, a working Sunny5 de, Avor) a ose. K€yfrhnm, Br nol BSll 2Ut This time industrial archaeology was even more in men's club, a freemasons' hall, an air(raft hange[ 8arry fooo evidence than two years ago in Belfast (iA iveuys a Second World War gun emplacement, and a 9 Kenferty Pnr[, Petercu ter, Ab€rdeer] ABl4 0LE ,32, pp 10-'11). As the industrial age recedes into former NatWest Bank which was physically moved the past, more and more industrialarchaeology is loader become Send Ripley History 8nr.e N€dlt-" on a low to & 7 C cncnt C 05. Wantallc, oxlordsh rc OXl2 7tD creeping into awards other than our own AIA Society's museum. Ihe winner of the 8-12 age Award.A larqe number ofAwards were presented individual group was Rachel Taylor from Dr Dav d 6wyf produced N.nl y te rn, t inliyfi ltoad Pen y Croes, at the 2006 Ceremony and further details will be Cambridge, who an excellent report on Caernidor tt54 6LY lound in Current Archaeolog./. lnformation is also Morley l\4emorial Primary School. available on the internet. Kirsty Wark the television presenter was the .19 Bre.dr t.ne.5ha11-"sb!1. Dor5el5P7 8lt For our own AIA Award there was a shortlist judge for the 13-16 age individual group. The Afliliated so.ieties oflicer of three entries. The University of Lincoln has shortlisted entries included work on a Welsh converted the 1907 Great Centrdl Railway grain- miner's cottagq Royston & Distri(t l\4useum, and I Quccf t Kccp, Clarcf.c Paradc soLrthsca Po5INX Conference Secr€tary storage warehouse, Brayford Pool, into its Central the Castle Climbing Centre, Stoke Newington, Library This brick building spent the second half London, whi(h was [ormerly a beam-engine 2,1 Belmofi Road, !xbrd!Je, Nliddle5ei UBE IRE ofthe twentieth century as a builder's warehouse, house for the l\,4etropolitan Water Board. The Endange,ed Sites Oflicer Dr M kc Ncvc falling into disrepair in 1998. The lormal opening winner was Yvette Taylor from for her Un vslly ol l\rldn.he(er Archaeo oly Uf 1, Un v€rs ty oi of the new library took pla(e in 2004 and the Orlord Road Man.hesler [4]l !PL slandard conversion received praise Librarian'\4rn.henet and Ar.hivist of the high from the Royal lnstitution of Chartered Surveyors. c/o lClvl, ronbrdge,Ieford, Shroptr reltg 7DQ ln the early years oI last century at Great Publicty Officer Maytham in Kent, the architect Edwin Lutyens lordthan Br !]95 46 Arrov6m lh Dr vc, Storehou!. GLl0 2QR designed a water tower to supply the grand Recording Awads Ofl'.er house, Great Maytham Hall, which he was DrVclona Beru.ha,np I Pa6of:!e (orn, P.Eonaqe Cres.enl,W. k €, building nearby for H. L Tennant. The water tower 5helle d 56 581 had a rectangular concrete tank at the top and sales oflicer the whole structure was to have been clad with

Eirf Coltige Erdqe Sire€t Er dqnorth WV15 6AF weatherboarding to resemble the windmills of the locality. But, the cladding never took place D.vrd A derlon (Nerilage tink) and in recent years local residents have regarded Dr Roben c.rr (BAAlvards) the decaying structure as an eyesore worthy of Dr Pi! Co I n5 {Pirtnerrhrps) demolition. However Denise & Bruno Del Tufo employed the architect Derek Briscoe to convert E--"..-; r--E D.vrd tyne (Conreryarion Award) the tower into a remarkable dwelling house for \t [4 chael Me5senger themselves. The story of the conversion was the Dr Mles oq ethorpe 1I CCIH) Paul Sauher {E.FA IH) subject of a television programme in the series tr .Liiir Grand Designs, broadcast on on 26 l I Honorary vke Presidents April2006.The water tank itself is ofconsiderable str Ne Co5sons lohf l'lune Stuarl B 5rfith r structural interest as it is an early reinforced -r lamcs Crrdii.r. AA Off.e, t.hool ol Ar.haeology and concrete design. Louis Gustave [,4ouchel (1852, F rl-E Afoent hBrory, UniveErty oI Lei.ener. Le.-oner Ltl TRll 1908) the agenl in Britain for Fran(ois Io:0116 252 5317. Fax 0ll6 252 5005 Hennebique (1843-19241 was involved and a large archive of drawings is still in existence. The !r!']'r. drn a arcraeo oglorg.Lrk conversion was carried out carefully to save most of the original work which is still in situ and COVER PICTURE therefore preserved for luture study. This entry The new house al Grcat Maytham, convefted really rs in the spirit of the AIA Award - saving a fion a watet 22,500HP Burneist$ & Wain diesel engine at toweti wat shoftlisted fot the AIA Award. fhe winner wds structure previously regarded as unsavable and Copenhagen kee page 6) the Custdrd Factory where the 2006 awards Grenony was Photo: lan Alitchell was a close runner up to the following entry. held Photo:R)Mtar

2 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEoLoGY NEWs 140 work on Ashton Windmill. Kirsty particularly redesigned the redevelopment, so that by using the Museum of tondon. over 3,000 people took enjoyed reading Yvette's story about a day in the steel beams to bridge the structure of the part and the subterranean remains of four life of miller Tom Wilkins, which she thought was glassworks, piles which were driven did not spoil nineteenth century terraced houses were a lovely way to explain how the mill works. the archaeology. Ihis has been preserved for the uncovered. These had been damaged during Among the shortlisted entries in the schools and future beneath a new of{ice building. ln Worcester World War ll when an unexploded bomb went otf groups category was a report by the North the llour mill has been turned into a block of killing the bomb disposal team at work on it. This Wiltshire YAC branch on the Type 28A Anti-Tank desirable flats after meticulous recording. project was the subje(t of a television Gun Emplacement at Lydiard Green. The winners Geological exploration beneath the Nonh programme. were Amber Class, Christian Mallord Primary Sea in the search for oil and gas has produced a Runner-up for the Heritage in Britain Award 5chool, Gloucestershire, for their information mass of seismic data. Prospectors are not was a project by the Hampshire and lsle of Wight booklet about their school. interested in the first two metres down and Trust for Maritime Archaeology for the The Press Award now embraces radio as well evidence for these shallow depths was put aside establishment of heritage trails, in this case for as newspapers and an interesting entry came as worthless. However ProfessorVince Gaffney of historic wre(k sites in the Solent. The Alum Bay from the USA. Henry Teitlebaum of Dow Jones Birmingham has made use oI this treasure trove Dive Trail accesses the remains ol HMS Pomone lnternational wrote in the Wall Street Journal of evidence, collected over decades, to produce wrecked off the Needles in 18ll and lying in 20 about the problems of balancing ancient and remarkable detailed maps oI a preserved but feet of water. There are underwater interpretive modern in the redevelopment of London. A ioint almost unknown submerged Mesolithic booklets and handlines around the wreck lor winner was Win Scutt and World Archaeology landscape, the size of Wales. British divers, augmented by on-shore exhibitions and News on BBC Radio Five Alive. This Up All Night archaeologists are now exploring the rivers, briefings. programme gives over'15 minutes to archaeology streams, lakes and coastlines of a European The Silver Trowel Award for the project or every Tuesday and has broadcast more than 50 country unseen for 8,000 years. This work person showing the best initiative went to lohn hours worth in the last five years. lt is claimed the received a runners-up award. Barnatt for his single-handed effort in bringing programme reaches over a million listeners who A winner of a Pitt RiversAward was the study the archaeology of the Peak District to as wide a are awake at 3.30 am to hear it. Don't we rise by the Norfolk Historic Buildings Group of public as possible. Among several of his early nowadays. buildings in the village of New Buckenham. publications is a review of the lead industry and The Current Archaeology Developer Funded Following a five year plan f3,000 was spent on the future of its archaeology. He is also Award included two industrial archaeology dendrochronology and the excellent published conservation otficer for the Peak District Mines projects and in fact the majority of developer report covers the largest collection of vernacular Historical Society. John spoke on Archaeological funded work is devoted to eighteenth and houses in Norfolk to have been studied by Recording lJnderground at the Friday Seminar in nineteenth century sites. Two outstanding dendrochronological sampling. This work is of Nottingham before our Derbyshrre conferen

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INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 140 3 'Cornish Mining' designated World Heritage Site fhe announcenent on 14 )uly 2006 that the and West Devon Mining Landscape [Cornish Mining] had been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site was the culmination of thrce yeas' work and a just reward for the huge eflort put in by over 70 organisations to prepare the nost complex bid evet submitted for a site by our govenment.

Graham Thorne

Cornish lMining is now one of 830 World Heritage Sites of which 644 are cultural, 162 natural, and 24 mixed. There are 24 Sites in the United Kingdom ranging from Stonehenge and Avebury Giants'Causeway via Georgian Bath to industrial sites such as Blaenavon, lronbridge, New Lanark and Saltaire. The Cornish lVining site covers mining landscapes which evolved at the time when hard-rock mining was at its zenith, driving both technological innovation and social change. Clill top a\pnk.aldnet at Rotallack lrline, West Cornwall Some 175 areas worldwide have been identified as having known Cornish mining connections, notably in America, Mexico, Australia, Spain and Camborne and Redruth, Gwennap, 5t. Agnes and visitors per annum could be generated. elsewhere. Caradon as well as the mining ports of Hayle and The bid identified five major relevant The bid document summarises the Charlestown, plus the Tamar Valley and Tavistock. attractions within the ten sites: Morwellham significance of the area thus: 'fhe Cornwall and Desiqnation does not in itself brinq finance or Quay, Geevor and levant N4ines, (ornish Engines West Devon Mining landscape was ttansfomed tangible benefits to the area. lt will, however, and Dis(overy Centre at Pool, Poldark Mine and during the period 1700-1914 by early industtial bring huge opportunities to improve the economy Godolphin House and Estate. ln all, 41 sites or developnent that made a key contribution to the of one of Britain's poorest counties. lt should also auractions were identified in support of the evolution of an indust alised economy and ensure that due regard is given to Cornwall's subTission. There is also the possibility of a major society in the United Kingdom, and throughout industrial heritage and prevent further losses ne!,,i 'Gateway' to the World Heritage Site based the world. lts outstanding sutvival, in a cohetent through demolition or neglect. lt should also at the former Robinson's Shaft of South Crofty 5eties oI highly dtttitulive cullual land>capes, is encourage year round sustainable tourism as l\y'ine. testimony to this achievement.' Cornwall is put on the world map. There is A further benefit of the bid is the enormous The Site as designated is made up of ten evidence from otherWorld Heritage Sites that this amount oI information collected in support of the distinct areas. They are the mining areas of 5t. status brings in visitors and money; indeed submission, and much of this can be found on the lust, Tregonning and Trewavas, Wendron, current estimates are that an increase of 60,000 project website at www.cornish'mining.org.uk.

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t-fln , r'l i, fhe early twentieth century Ptifte of Wdles engine house, Phoenix United Aline East Cornwall Phota: Peter Stanier Edst Poolwhin engine in the heaft ofthe Camborne nining distrid

4 INDUSTR\AL ARcHAEoLocY NEWS 140 protecting, conserving and enhancing the universal value of the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape World Heritage Site it will reinforce cultural distinctiveness, and become a E-- significant driver for economic regeneration and l social inclusion.' M Appreciation of Cornwall's industrial heritage and a determination, in the words oI the Federation ol0ld Cornwall societies to 'gather up i.':.r the fragments that nothing be lost', may be said to have begun with the small band of John H.Trounson, Tregonning Hooper, Treve Holman and othert who in 1935 formed a committee which saved the iconic Harvey built winding engine at Levant Mine. From their ef{orts came the cornish Engines Preservation Society, later the Trevithick Society. The 70 odd years since then have seen horrendous losses of industrial archaeology in Cornwall as well as periods of great progress. How proud those early pioneers would be to see Cornish Mininq take its place on the world stage in 2006. There have already been various activities in Coppehouse Duk at Hayle wat onae busy shipping oret to South Wales. ltt walb are nade fron slag blocks Cornwall seeking to build upon the designation, Photo: Petet Stanier some organised by members of the newly formed Cornish Mining Attractions [,4arketing The partnership set up to advance the bid should Pendeen Community Heritage. which runs Geevor Association, CMAI\.4A. Twelve large hoardings also facilitate a more co ordinated approach to Mine, Bill Lakin, said,'this will make it easier to were unveiled at Paddington Station in November Cornwall's heritage in the future. deliver [our plans] because what we won't have hiqhlightinq si\ facets of Cornwall's mining News of the designation was greeted with to do is prove to funding bodies that Cornish historyThey willstay in place for four months and ioy in cornwall, for example the local West Brton mining heritage is something of intrinsic worth.' could potentially be seen by l5 million travellers. paper in Truro bearing the headline'Camborne While World Heritage Site status is Cornish MPs, representatives of the Department and Redruth can claim to have same status as Taj enormously welcome and will provide a huge oI Culture, Media & sport and representatives Mahal'. Bid manager, Nick Johnson said,'lt is a boost to the designated area, it is important to from the Heritage site areas attended. Among the pat on the back for Cornwall... lt could be a remember that the N4ining Area is not starting claims made are that Cornish miners introduced platform for regeneration, as all other World from nowhere.The bid document states that, from football to l\.4exico (surely rugby is more likely), Heritage Sites have prospered since gaining the 1998 to 2005, capital expenditure by public and how half the population of South Australia was title. . . The bid has brouqht together for the first charitable trust owners on properties in the Cornish in the 1860s and how the prolits from time our spectacular mine sites, mineral harbours nominated site areas amounted to f34.2 million. Cornish mining helped fund the introduction of such as Portreath and lvorwellham, terraces of The bid has also included a ten year management new exotic plants such as rhododendrons. miners'cottages and lvethodist Chapels as well plan for the World Herildqe Site wilh lhi5 vi5ion camellias, tree ferns and palms into British a5 great houses and gardens.' Chairman of statement for the future: 'We believe that by gardens. A Surfeit of Mills fo cone across a nillone has not heatd of belore visited. lt is a typical four-sweep mill with a is a pleasant surprke. fo come across a group of cylindrical tower and a cap turned by a long tail. three is unusual. to come across a connercially Apparently it was built in about 1700. lt has a working Norse Mill definitely cones into the website - look it up on Google and one can get it highly unlikely category. Especially when all five translated into English. nills are inside a l0 kn circle in the Dordogne A few kilometres south lies the small town of region of France. Castelnau-lvlontratier. On a ridqe above the town there is a line of three windmills, all with Chris lrwin cylindrical towers similar to that at Boisse. They are about 200 metres apart and the two end When visiting friends near Cahors recently I came towers still have their caps and sails. I have found across an English-language guide book which little about them except that one is in private mentioned a watermill 'with a 13ft water-wheel'. ownership and has been restored since 1963 with There was little more about it but it did give a the aid oI national and European grants. The telephone number. This turned out to be that of northernmost mill would never be able to work the owner who was happy for us to come over again in spite of its having sails because the that afternoon as he would be grinding wheat. town's header reservoirs have been built on 0n the way we (alled at the Moulin de either side. Boisse, an isolated windmill now maintained by ln the valley of the Barquelonne between the the Friends of the Mills of Boisse and Canton. lt is tr,^,io communities lies the watermill. As we drove just in workinq order and grinds on open days and for up to the farm the farmer was coming out of Moulin de Eoisse, kept in working order lor special events special event5 though it was not open when we the house and he took us over to the mill, a low Photo: Chtis lMin

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS I40 5 building on the banks of the stream. lnside there were two sets of stones and a bolter. The machinerywasvery basic and lcould see no room for a conventional drive from the guide book's \ '13ft water wheel'. The farmer told our friend, who speaks good French, that the wheels were i.: driven by 'turbines' underneath the mill. lJnfortunately they were under an arch, beside the attached sawmill, and in complete darkness. .L ___ 5o I poked the camera underneath with the flash F set and hoped forthe best.Thanks to the wonders \ of modern technology we were soon looking at a .1 .t picture of a pair oI horizontal waterwheelsl FZ Now il may be that thesp are (ommon in h "{,.' J France - I can only say that in some 50 years of @ poking around industrial backwaters I have never before seen a working 'Norse' rnill. To be stri(tly accurate the wheels were not working that day as -i the stream, like so many others, had completely dried up in the summer's drought. As this happened mo5t years the larmer had added an electri( drive to one shaft so that he (an keep his fhe niddle and south ni s dt Caslelnau-Montratier customers happy, but whenever there i5 water he prefers the wheel drive because it costs nothingl As can be seen from the picture the present paddles are made of metal and surrounded by a I \ simple case to guide the water.This appears to be merely sheet metal and neitherthe casing northe ,11 paddles seem to be shaped in any way as turbine I blades are. Apparently they were installed in the early years of the last century. No doubt a proper turbine would be more efficient but as the present set-up provides ample power for the work there seem to be no reason to replace them. The fall in the river at the mill is about 3.5 metret I no doubt the source of the erroneous information / about a 13ft wheel. Ihe mill apparently dates from the thirteenth century, though presumably little original remain5. Alongside is a small saw mill, once also water-powered but fitted with new machinery in the first half of the twentieth century and now driven by electricity. The farm and mill have been owned by the lvloles family since 1917. They also f r own a working dovecote in the farmyard outside I the mill the whole scene looking, apart from the fwin horizontal wheels at the Moulin de Erousse tractors, as it must have done centuries ago.

Two lndustrial Museums in Denmark

On a forcign holiday, finding the local indunrial largest diesel engine in the world, generating 15 new mezzanine floor and three storey exhibition nuseums can be very rewatding. lt ceftainly gets megawatts of power (equivalent to 22,500 gallery constructed within the building. The you away fron the othertourists, to snallet towns horsepower). The engine is an 8-cylinder double exhibitions cover two main themes, the history of and less salubrious pafts of the big cities. 0n a acting two-stroke diesel, 25 metres long and 12 Burmeister & Wain which began as a small forge holiday in Dennark in 2006, the authos found metres high, weighing 1,400 tonnes. lt was in 1843, and the significance of the large diesel two excellent sites in the Copenhagen area. construded by the Danish company Burmeister & engine in shipping and power generation. A large Wain, who specialised in very large diesels for amount of archive film material has been lan Mitchell and Mary Graham ships and power generation. The engine ran digitised and made available for viewing through regularly until the 1970s and was retained on interactive terminals. Almost everything is ln Copenhaqen itsell we found a brand-new standby until 2004. labelled and sub-titled in English as well as museum called DieselHouse. This is located on a When it was no longer required for electricity Danish. lt would be quite easy to spend a whole power station site a couple of miles south of generation, the building and engine were bought day browsing through this material. Copenhagen city centre. The museum is the by MAN, the German company that took over lust a lew snippets that we learned were: engine house built in 1932 to accommodate an Burmeister & Wain in the 1980s, and now enormous diesel engine used for eledric power dominate the world market for large diesels. The . B&W built the engines Ior the world's first generation. For more than 30 years this was the building has been beautifully refurbished, and a ocean going diesel powered ship in 1912,

6 tNDUSTRtAL ARCHAEoLoGY NEWs t40 and this was inspected by Winston money at a caf6 or shop. There is a good web site powder up until 1965, and its historical Churchill who recognised it as a very (in English) at wwwdieselhouse.dk. 5ignificance was already recognised at that date. important development for the future of The second museum we found was in the The layout of the site is as it was established shipping. small town of Frederickvaerk, which is about an n lhe eighteenth century, but the surviving hour's journey by train no(h west of buildings and machinery are oI various dates, . B&W manufactured at a number of Copenhagen. This town was set up to exploit the with examples of waterwheel, turbine and ditferent sites in and around Copenhagen, water power available from a canal which was electrically powered equipment. With well spa(ed and materials were transported between dug in 1717 to drain water from Arreso lake into small buildings and a watercourse running them by barge. the Roskilde Flord.Thefirst industrywas a cannon through it, the site has a very rural feel, and on foundry and this was followed a . Today diesel engines are still designed by in 1758 with 0ur visit we were able to watch a heron fishinq in gunpowder works. l\4AN in Copenhagen, but manufa(ture is the tailrace from the wateru,/heel. A number of the buildinqs from this period undertaken by licenseet mainly in the Far Some but not all of the interpretative preserved. East. have been A cannon foundry building material is English, and there is a web-site at from c1760 has been convened into a gallery www.indmus.dk. This is only in Danish, but the As well as the new exhibition galleries, space performance space and tourist information information on opening hours and location is has been found on the floor around the main centre, and a storehouse for ammunitions and easy enough to understand. The site is highly engine to erecl some examples of smaller engines arms beside the canal is now the town museum recommended to those who have attended AIA manufactured by B&W, including their first ever (closed in 2006 due to flood damage). However, visits to gunpowder sites on desolate hillsides diesel datlng from I 904. The only disappointment the main attraction is the Krudtvaerksmuseet and dense woodland, but have never seen in-situ in the visit was that we were unable to see the (gunpowder museum). this is the gunpowder examples of the machinery these places used to giant engine running; this only takes place once a works, made up of a number of small buildings contain. month. strung out alonq the canal. Whilst the layout is According to information on a web site DieselHouse is clearly an exercise in similar to gunpowder sites in the UK, (wwwindustrikulturoT.dk) 2007 is going to be a corporate sponsorship, rather than a commercial Friedrickvaerk is remarkable for the survival of Year of lndustrial Culture in Denmark, so this or volunteer operation, and this can been sepn in some of the original machinery and the closeness might be a good year for AIA members to visit the high quality building work, and free to the town centre. The reason for the survival is these two sites, and no doubt also find some admission and (offee, but no chance to spend that the works continued to produce black more, equally interesting, ones.

,4t E ? { I !fi'-*rr I 7 c!: :.- / F ! L *. t '{ I -li! I rI. r.tlr ! , t j il 'v J ',,Lt fwo views ofthe 22,500HP Eurnestet & Wain dieselengine which is the.entrepie@ of the DieselHouse nuseum, Copenhagcn I I IT I ii t_ L )\a tr t/ f- v \l -rir_- E*J J \al , r:* * r,r - --L- l t;- l, * '{ Y ,-7r r3$rl,l ,'\ f;{ r! Lefebrc swing coning nathine ol 1854 at the Fredetickvaerk aunpowdet Mill Museun A view down the watercourse dlong whirh the Fredeti.ksvae Gunpowder Mill is laid out Photo: lan Mitclell Photo: lan Mitchell

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 140 7 AIA Awards f500 Reward 'I he AIA offers the lollowing awards: The DO ROTH EA The AIA in conjunction with Essat Award: two prizcs of{200 each , AWARD Dorothca Resloralions I-td. ofl'er Publications Awards: three prizes off200 each for Conservation an annual award of !5(X) and a Fieldwork and Recording Arvard: nain award ol f500, lnitiative AIA handsome Plaque to the projecl Award off300 and Student Awarrl off200 rhe hesl of lhal vears enviet Dorothea Award for Conservation: one award off500 --/ Thc information awards leaflet can be ob(ained liom James Gardiner. In bc cligihlt li)r errlrr projc(t\ nru\t hc (r,nccrncd prinrirril) irldustriirl. AIA Office. School ofArchacology and Ancient Hislory, University of \rilh lhr crlll\rr\rtion r,l r sitr or ol).iect ol ngricllltnrll (r' dr,nrcslic rr(hxeol{)gi(xl interest. Leicester. Leicester LEI 7RH. Fax: Telephone: 0l l6 252 5117. 0l l6 252 5005. Email: aia(a)le.ac.uk Initial expression of intent to submit a detailed applicalion is achicvcd by completion of a simple Questionnaire, which can be obtained tiom lhc awitrd co-ordinator. David Lyne. l0 Somerville Ro d, l-eicester, LE-l 2ET. Phone/fax 0l16 29 19 706. e-mail [email protected], AIA Visit to l-atvia who will also ensure that you receive a full copy of the rules and award infomation. 14 - 20 llflI.ay 2OO7 A water punrping station with compound engines made in Riga by Entry for an Award is madc by complctirlS the questionnaire. Felzer & Co. still in working condition. will be one ofthe highlighh lbllowcd by a detailed submission at a time decided by yourselves. ofthis first venture by AIA into the Baltics. Riga itselfhas Dedieval Applications received before the end of April 2007 should be in warehouses. beautit'ul art nouveau buildirgs and an unusual celtral time to be considcrcd for the award for thal ycar. Applications nrarket built from tirst world war Zcppclin lungars. Thc canal oflhe rcccivcd aficr this date n1ay have to be delbrred until the tbllowing naval port of Lirpaja. which we rvill also bc visiting. is sparned by a swing bridge. still in usc. designed and built by a cornpany rylit-span The winner will be notiflcd in timc to arrangc lbr rcpresentation at lronr St Petersburg. There are inryressive lbrtilirations. Just a sample lhe AIA confercncc in August, at which two placcs, one oI which is good yourselfon ofthe nrany things to be secn. Put the mailing list to (omplimenlary. q ill he resened. lor the presentlti,rn. receive details when they are ready by expressing-INll an intercst to Paul Susscx 7l)Y cmail Saulter. 80 Udimore Road. Ryc, or DF.,I_AY. paul(alia-tours.dcmon.co.uk DO \OT ENI'ER't'ODAY! AIA

Pnnutting the stud! ond appretiatiotr of induslrial arthaeologt' ANNOUNCING THE THREE FIELDWORK AND RECORDING AWARDS FOR 2OO7

The AIA Fieldwork Award scheme exists to encourage recording ofthe physical remains ofthe industrial peri0d to high archaeological standards. The awards are open to both amateur and professional field workers, and have been operating successfully lor over a decade.

Work submitted may already have been published or, ilnol, entrants may be encouraged to publish.

As well as the Main Award there is also the Initiative Award lor innovativc proj0cts, e.g. those Iiom local societies. To cncouragc the futurc industrial archacologists, thcrc is also a Student Category.

THE CLOSING DATE FOR ENTRIES IS 31ST MARCH 2()()7

Successful Entries will be notified in July The successful authors will be invited to attend the AIA annual conference in Preston to collect their award in August

Further details from: Fieldwork and Recording Awards, AIA Liaison Officer, School ofArchaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, Leicester LEI 7RH

8 1NDUSTRIAL ARcHAEoLoGy NEWS t4o NEWS

Essex lndustrial Housing at Parkeston near Harwich and the 'model' towns established by Thematic Survey visionaries [rancis Crinall at Silver DOROTHtrA During 2006 the lTth thematic End (Crittall Windows), Braintree historic comparative survey of and by Tomas Bata at East Tilbury industrial monuments in Essex was RESTORATIONS (Bata shoes). ln addition to modern finally completed by the Historic housing tailored for individual Environment Branch (HER) of Essex statug these model estates offered LTD County Council. tollowing on lrom religious, educational and themes such as malting, textiles, recreational facilities tor the Incorporalirrg Flrncsl Hole (l,.nginetrs) of Sussrr hospitals and breweries, this latest employees and their tamilies. Ihe survey con(entrates on the flip side oI this provision was that ( o\ 1R/t('l,tts l,\/r a(r.\.\t'l./..1,\ts l,\ I lIl-. provision of purpose-built workers employees were ever aware that ill ( ( ) \ \ t, Rv|tT I ( ).\ ( ) I.' H IS1 ( ) R I ( V t:1'A t.| ( ) R h. housing by lndustry to attract and discipline or confrontational l, r( /rr\/,t{} .1,\'D wL\t)i\.v t..R v .t.5 retain a loyal workforce. The behaviour at work or within the information gathered during this community could lead to losinq Rr((nl (oll1.ircl\ irrclurle tlesignr IoI irn lnrosphcric exercise will be used to enhance the more than just their employment. railrrlrT. irrxl il r-el)licn strnm i)(onrrli\(. rc\torirtion ol HER by providing detailed records of Both the inteMar estates are noted lfi( lcnil \rulllllrrus. r'epair and gilrlin:.: ol the.\lbclt each site, plus comparative for the use o, the modernist \ltrrrori:rl hr'onrr rltcoration. (orr\( rr:rlior) \r()rk otl as5essments oI their significan(e ar(hitecture, those houses oI the recommendations their lirlhiniu. Liorr. Sirnr I)areil lnd Loeorttolion. itnd erttt and for Bata estate built to a standard future management. Ih(' r(slorxlion ol an hldruulie trrt:rl:rkluel construction module of 6m square Most ol the sites were built and modelled on the first planned or following on from period during a industrial town founded by Bata in ( )\er ll)0 rrlitn ycars er|.ricrt,.L of industrial growth that occurred Zlin, Czechoslovakia. other around the mid nineteenth century examples of innovative housinq although earlier examples of \rtt'thtt tt \\ot-kr: \!\\ l{oad, Uhrlcl lj r,i,r.. \ .L \r{i.Lli,,rl includes the Clockhouse Way Estate ( eiqhteenth and early nineteenth lr..lr rr\Nlr l(i( onl.L!L: t)avc IlL,rl,,si, r in Braintree, a prede(essor to Silver lri rlr,i,r r.ill l:r\ rll66llTrlirl century housing survive at l\4istley End, which boasts some of the Quay, Waltham Abbey Gunpowder earliest concrete block llat-rooled Southtt rt \\olk:: Itir, r'ldc Businc.. l']rrl \r \ rrr. I(,,.Lrl r l\4ills and Whitbread's chalk quanies built houses in the country and the \n rr. ]'.,rL ljri.rt,l ItS-l 1l:l). ('()rl,r.L (i(,, \\.r lr. in Purfleet. At the opposite end of 50 later nineteenth to early Irl rlrll-rL)-lilr- Fl\ r(lll- t)--lr,-l the spectrum the water industry twentieth century terraces of providinq continued housinq into concrete cottages built by iron 1950s, while an entire estate of founders Bentall in Heybridge. Association, in Great Yeldham and estates can still be recognised housing was built during the '1960s Most of the housing has Lawford. lnfluenced by the work of although many ol the houses and te(hnicians working the for at associations with traditional Essex the Carnegie Trust UK and founded particularly the outbuildings used Armament Research & Development industries such as brick making, in 1934 by Government, both for horticulture and animal rearing €stablishment (ARDE) in Waltham malting and brewing but it also estates were made up of small have been altered. lt was lound Abbey. encompassed a broad range of holdings which along with another that survival of housing associated Arguably the most interesting general manufacturing and light 23 tSA estates across the country with the various industries was period occuned during the later engineering industries. Two sites were established to provide a new relatively high as much of the interwar nineteenth century and which were not diredly associated beginning for unemployed workers housing has passed into private period with the founding of entire with an established industry were from the depressed north. Today the ownership or was absorbed into planned towns, such as those built those of the tand Settlement original landscape of the two larger developments. only in a few by the Great Eastern Railway (GER)

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.I

I ru F I rt a I---r t\ I ,e, ,rbnnfl .til1# t- " ll

lndust al housiog oo the Cittal's ettale al Silvet Steet in Silver End, Cresing, Eraintee Housing in Eala Avehue, East fiftruty Photo: Adan Gan4ood

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 140 9 NEWS cases was the housing lost and in most instances the housing survived r- but the industrial complex had long since been demolished. Only in a few instances, namely Wilkins' Preserves in Tiptree and the various utility sites, does this relationship l persist. ,/ Fortunately tisting and I Conservation Area status protection covers iust over 40% of all the industrial housing identiried, however, the vast majority of this number are concentrated within just two large planned developments (i.e. Silver End and East Tilbury) l leaving the remaining (56%) I \ undesignated. Based on the ''a/ assessments made, two sites (16 fi ffiT l,l Ii individual buildings) will be Salt Peppet & yinegat calcinig boftle Entrance to the Spde Wo*t proposed for listing and six new - ove$ at fenton Photo: B I M Ca Conservation Areas plus five extensions existing Conservation to Even though many industrial just the Earlaston factory It is not just the ponery workers recommended. Areas will also be premises looked rather derelict, The North Staffordshire pottery themselves who are suffering. Many Also by drawing attention to those walking about and peering through industry sulfered 1,150 supporting industries supplied the considered buildings not worthy of broken windows plenty of work was redundancies in 2006 including 540 needs of the poftery manufacturers statutory protection it is hoped their still in evidence and it seemed that jobs at Wedgewood, 220 at mug- and skilled people such as precision Iuture may be secured by inclusion almost everywhere, inside buildings maker Tams and 195 at bathroom toolmakers are now finding work in future Village Design Statementt were piles of ubiquitous white manufadurer Trryf ords. Announcing hard to come by. Ihe famous .lCB Local Development Documents or china. Longton and Burslem were redundancies shortly belore works on the A50 between Stoke Development Master Plans. particularly rich in this kind of Chri5tmas has become something of and Uttoxeter provides employment The next two thematic surveys a(tivity but in what Arnold Bennett an unlortunate Potteries tradition. Ior many people from sloke-on- ol industrial sites and monuments would call the'Five Towns' (not six), Now the great firm of spode have Trent but this is something oI an (Nos, '18 19) Essex start & in will there was much generally to excite announced they will be cutting their exception and the Potteries are fast during 2007 and willencompass the the visitor interested in the present- workforce, from 400 to 200.At sister becominq a depressed area. topics of watermills (including tide day manufacture oI china and firm Royal Worcester, in Worcester, As it was, rates of pay for mills and steam mills) and the porcelain. Nearly all the bottle kilns production ceased in October. For pottery workers were low by British railways. At present both are in the might have gone but more modern well over 200 years Spode's have ttandards but these wages are still preparation stages but to date c.60 kilns indoors were apparently doing been at their present address and high compared with those of the Far extant mills have been identilied for plenty of work. their factory is the oldest ponery East. Stoke Iirms have had pottery survey. Unfortunately this is no longer works in England, still and china made in the tar East in Although most mills are already the case and many of the great manufacturing on the same site. places like lndonesia, Malaysia and listed the assessment will address names have been bought up, their There are plans for housing, a Ihailand but there seems to be no issues loss, such as rate of wares no longer in production. ln shopping complex, heritage site and local expertise therq and according redundancy, change use, how of Longton, Aynsley is still in business museum here. lt is understood some to Stoke-on-Trent workers the to many have been converted and there are some stoke ceramic buildings are listed and the whoie quality is unacceptably bad. Eritish- residential, light industry and other and ponery lirms at work, but many factory could be declared a made classic pottery is too uses, how many retain technology Iewer than Iive years ago. Small art conServation area. expensive lor most people and they and the loss mill! sin(e the oI potteries employing only a handlul Spode's were one of the great buy cheaper ware, made in other milling. advent ol roller tollowing of people are producing exciting aristocrats oI the industry along places. on from historic assessments oI two new designS popular with younger with Royal Doulton and Robeft Caff disused branch lines, the Flitch Way peoplq and these wares also appeal Wedgewood. Josiah Spode (2003) and the Saffron Walden to collectors, but large-scale established his first pottery works in Branch Line (2005) the next railway Communities left out of production is almost at an end. 1767 producing cream and blue survey, will take on the entire Since Staffordshire Tableware painted earthenware. Being local planning decisions network but due to the sheer size of collapsed in December 2000 there successful he became rich enough strong and prosperous the subject will tackle it on a llne by have been more than 6,000 job to atford a larger factory in Stoke connunities, the government's line basis. losses in the ponery industry and where the firm has been ever since. Local Government White Paper Adan Garwood more than 50 companies have At the end of the eighteenth century places a a new duty on Local closed since 1996. ln rhat year he perfected fine bone china, Authorities to ensure the Gloom in the Potteries Wedgewood employed 4,000 and ensuring Spode's success Ior two participation of third sector An industrial archaeologist visiting Royal Doulton had 3,000 employees hundred years. After the dealh of organisations in developing lhe Potteries around Stoke-on-Trent in North Staffs. Royal Doulton was Josiah Spode ll in 1827 the lirm was cohesive communities and in No(h Staffordshire at the end of bought byWedgewood in December bought byWilliam Copeland and the responsive services. Heritage Link last century would have been 2004. Wedgewood still employ Copeland Iamily have been involved points out that people already heartened to see so much 2,000 people but is likely to shut its in the management of the business spend thousands oI hours traditional industry still in business. Tus(an work5 in Longton, leaving for five generations. responding to local government

10 INDUSTRLAL ARcHAEoLoGy NEws t40 NEWS consultations about local planning national heritage groups in England issues on d€velopment and the local to promote the central role of the environment. voluntary movement and to make Ihis is the subject of Heritage their voice heard (ollectively and TJTE]R]ITAGE Link's report, Making Consultation coherently. Contact: Kate Pugh, ENCIINEER]INC MatteL Womoling community Secretary Heritage Link, 89 Albert involvement in local planning Embankment, London SE1 7TP Tel: Preseruing Our Heritage For Future Generattotls authority decisions. The report 020 7820 7796, Fax 020 7820 8620, shows heritage groups are confident email [email protected] Our dedicoted 35 strong teom provide play positive in their ability to a role Heritage Link Heritoge in the planning process and that turnkey solutions in the including their participation (an make a real lnternational Mechonicol Engineering quality difference to the of de(isions importance Arc hitecturol Metolwork and the future environmenl. lt also of reveals serious shortcomings in local Pontcysyllte Aqueduct Timber Engineering (onsultations and the need for local Tellord and lessop's great 200 year community qroups to make their old canal aqueduct is 127 Ieet (39 Technicol Consulting voices more effective. metres) high and over 1,000 leet Conservotion Workshops ll constructive participation is to long. lt is still the highest ever built. be realised through thisWhite Paper, Tom Rolt's pioneering journeys up Receni proiech : 2@l/2m2 the issues arising Irom planning the Llangollen Canal to the restorotion of world's oldest working consultation experience need to be aqueduct were one oI the events sleom engine addressed. Heritage tink calls on that led to the establishment of the iil.n I 5m iimber woterwheel construction local government to invest in and international waterways restoration "*E"t improve consultation standards and movement. rfz newcomen engine technicol osessment pradice to exploit the weallh of There will be a conference at design & build of lorgest cost iron skucture expertise, experience, local the Ramada Plaza Hotel, Wrexham, r4? erected in lhe losl80 yeors ,;: t' knowledge and (ivic pride that on 10-12 June 2007, in the year of ': make national and localgroups such the 250th anniversary oI the great 22-24 Cotmyle Avenue, Gldsgout. Scollond, G32 6HJ a valuable resource. engineer Thomas Tellordt birth. This fel +Oo44 111 76i 0007 Fox +0044 lll 763 05Ei With this white Paper, Iurther will review the research done since [email protected] om ww w.he logeengineering.com land use planning retorms in the the aqueduct's bicentenary in 2005 ln.orporatinS Wall.r Ma.Fnrl.nc & ComPany Ltd offing and the Heritage Protection examining the (ase lor World White Paper this winter, the pros Heritage Nomination of the and cons of public participation Llangollen Canal and its innovative lnternational Committee for the the first Conference of the new UK have never been more topical. aqueducts and engineering. This Conservation of the lndustrial Board of TICCIH, held in association Numerous Government statements event will be held on and around Heritage (TlCClH) and The with the lnstitution of Civil suggest a commitment to the the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and the lnternational Committee for the Engineers' Telford's 250 anniversary concept but Heritage Link's research adjoining heavily engineered Conservation of Monuments and celebrations and as a preliminary gathered through nearly 200 local Llangollen Canal with its lunnels Sites (|CoMoS) will form the event for the 2007 lnternational groups indicates serious concerns and innovative aqueducts taking the background for this event. Canals Conference in liverpool that local planning authorities lack waterway through the picturesque organised by Wrexham hosted by the lnland Waterways the statf, skillt capacity and hills and mountains of the Welsh Borough Council and the Royal Asso(iation. Ihis will be the launch experience to deal effectively with borderland. The context of the commission on the Ancient and conference lor the nomination of Government expectations Ior World Heritage canals study of The Historical lvlonuments in Wales as the Pontcysyllte and Chirk community involvement. Target5 ror AqueducB and the adjoining 8 mile handling planning appli(ations and length of canal for nomination as a listed building (onsent applications World Heritage Site. Chairing the are driving the speed of decision Sessions and giving talks will be making but not necessarily their Eusebi Casanellet President of qualiry Ihe potential benefits of TICCIH; Gordon l,4asterton, consultation are less than optimal President of the lnstitution of Civil because the capa(ity and resources Engineers; 5ir Neil Cossons, oI heritage groups often lag behind I Honorary President of TICCIH; stuart their aspirations. Smith, Secretary of TICCIH; John Heritage tink's Chairman, \ Hume, Chairman RCAHM5; Peter Anthea Case, says: 'The country is 1 Wakelin, Secretary RCAHMW Barrie Iortunate in having a lively and l Trinder; Miles Oglethorpe; David enthusiastic network of community I Gwyn; David Edwards-May, Ron groups to stand up for our heritage titzgerald, .lohn Rodger, Chris and the local environment. Heritage Pound, Stephen Hughes, Peter Birch Link urges central and local and Susan Fielding. lhere will be government to involve them more in boattrips and walks along the canal the planning decisions that affect all and over the aqueducts. A variety of our lives.' accommodation and charges are from Heritage tink (w!vw.heritagelink, The world-fanout Ponta'tty te Aqueduct will be the centrepiece of an intenational available. Further details org.uk) was set up in 2002 by confercnce in lune Photo: Petet Stanie, kay.rickard@wrexham. gov.uk .

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 140 11 NEWS

Back to back houses - f400m. Flats, shops and a leisure complex are planned and a f90m ud another award Ft regeneration project has been lhe restored back to back houses in approved by Wandsworth Council. central Birmingham won the prestigious 8AA Heritage in Britain Award in 2004. Recently a bronze King Edward's open day n rGl plaque was presented to this The King Edward Mine lvluseum just innovative scheme by Sir to the south of Camborne in -i Christopher Audland, honorary Cornwall, is holding its open Day on president oI Europa Nostra. The Sunday 29 April 2007, with lree back to ba(ks, the last such entry Well signposted, it is located remaining courtyard in Birmingham, on the famous Flat Lode in the new ieu have won a European Union Prize World Heritage Sile area. Ihe for Cultural Heritage - Europa museum houses almost unique tin ' idr ---' Nostra Award. processing plant, including the only \_1 b tollowing the slum (learance oI set ofworking Californian Stamps in last century back to back houses are Europe and one ol only tlvo Cornish E now very rare in most cities and not roundframes left in the world.These, that many people know what they and lhe 1907 horizontal steam { \ are. they often think of terraced winding engine, now relocated ba(k housing which is commonplace.Ihe on the origlnal foundations will all (ourtyard and three back to back be working at different times during houses at 50-54lnge Street and 55- the day. Additional attractions 63 Hurst Street, Birmingham B5 include the Great Flat Lode Pasty were preserved and opened to the Race, music from the Helston School public in .luly 2004. Built 1802-31 lazz orchestra, entertainment for they are li5ted grade ll. children, vintage vehicles, static Knowledgeable local guides lead displays and food. See the website: first-rate visits round the premises wwwkin gedwardmine.co.uk and can be highly recommended. Ihe houses included in these visits I National Gas Museum are restored to the periods 18401 Shakitg lable and rcund hane in tlrc tin protesting nilk, King Edwad Mine 1870s and 1930s. You also see the Trust communal washhouse and a toilet. The National Gas lvluseum Trust was Waterways, places as Telephone 012'l 666 7671 to book a formed in 1997 to safeguard the gas U5 bridge restoration in far apart as 6lou(ester, Birmingham, West tour. lt is also possible to stay industry's collection of histori( The old US 80 Bridge (Gillespie Dam the overnight here in three houses artefactt many of which had been Bridge) located on the Gila Rive[ Midlands, Manchester and London. Ihe save our Waterways campaign restored to different periods - a real on display in museums run by the southwest ol Phoenix, Arizona, is fears job heritage experience. former regions of British Gas. One of owned by the Maricopa County the cuts will result in losses Robett Can these museums, the John Doran Department of Transportation and affect the maintenance of the Museum in teicester, is still in (MCDOT), lhe local government canal system. Much oI what has been achieved in the last few years operation, but much ol the agency is planning to restore it and From steel to be jeopardy. Meanwhile, a colledion is currently in store at the is preparing consultation documents will in planned watercress Science Museum's site at for the Arizona State Historic f86 million restoration of Steam enthusiasts have acquired a Wroughton in Wiltshire. With Preservation office. The agency will the Shrewsbury and Newport Canal 40-tonne locomotive Irom the funding lrom the Heritage Lottery be working with the has apparently not received the full Zenica Steelworks in Bosnia, where tund and various companies and SHPq interested parties and the backing of Telford &Wrekin Council, it worked {or some 50 years. After other organisations in the gas public to develop a quality unlike Shropshire County Council, restoration it will be operated on industry the Trust has embarked on restoration project. Designed by the Shrewsbury & Atcham, Stafford the Mid-Hants Railway, a 12 month proied, in partnership Arizona Highway Department and Council, and Staffordshire County Council. were go affectionately known as the with [eicestershire County Council, constructed in 1926-7, its series of lf it to ahead the generate Watercress [ine. to sort and catalogue its collection spans totaled 1660leet long and at scheme might some f4m a year for the local economy. and provide'virtual access' to some the time it was the largest steel of it via a new web site. is structure in state. carried US- Generating news Ihis the lt envisaged as the first step in a long 80's traffi( until '1956 when U5-85 Dungeness A in Kent and SizewellA lsle of Man steam ships term plan to safeguard what is was completed. Ihe Gillespie Dam Suffolk, two first-generation Captain lack Ronan, the retired in considered to be the most important Bridge was entered in the National Magnox nuclear power stations Steam Packet captain who spoke to collection of gas industry artefacts Register of Historic Places in 198l.lt were shut down on New Years Eve, us at the lsle of man Conference in the world and to display some oI is still open to traffic. having been operational since the 2006, has asked that we correct a the items at Leicestershire County Erian Kenny,MCDOf mid-1960s. The B stations on each couple dates in Roger Ford's Council's Snibston Discovery Park. ol site remain in service. Meanwhilq report in News 139.Ihe Steam For more information, contact lan // London's iconic Battersea power Cuts on the cut Packet Company came into business West or Vanessa Tipton on Tel: station, which has been ln a poor 1830, 01530 278444 or e-mail: last autumn many narrowboat in hence the fuss for the 1815 condition while awaiting [email protected] owners loined a mass lloating l75th anniversary in 2005. redevelopment since closure in protest over planned (uts in the was the date the first steam ship 1982, has been sold lor a reputed government's grant to British was sighted in Manx waters.

12 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAE)L)GY NEW' I4o REGIONAL NEWS

Yorkshire and the early 1800s and retain small Humberside loomshops for handloom weaving Cast lron Restora as well as later single storey sheds While Saltaire and a few other for power weaving. The WYAAS Cart lron Wclding Srrvices, 3 gener:::ilh outstanding sites have found textile recommended building recording orc..tironw.rdinsexpcrience. a new identity in the heritage sector, and revision of the development the many other textile mills across Conservation and rastoration of hi*oric/heritage proposals to involve less demolition. monuments, bridges, architectural iron work, fountains, rain the West Yorkshire landscape have Planning permission has been given water hopporr qracks and corrosion requir. faced a long and difficult period oI with that lorWinker Green Mill, Armley, Leedt preservation are restored with a unique pre-heat and fusion change, A few remain in use but '101 to be converted to flats and a wclding procor which matches the damaged base m.terial, many have been demolished, and cafe-bar. Ihe site dates lrom the lntricsta d.tlil ir rcrtorad to its original condhion, Cracked others have stood empty lor long early 19thc and the present mill vintaga cngine blockr and cylinder heads aro also restored periods or provided low cost from 1824 with later changes. Much without expcnrive pattern and re-manufacturing co3B. We a(commodation for marginal of Folly Hall Millt St Thomas Road, havc a fully fittcd machine shop for all machining businesses which (ould not look Huddersfield, has been demolished. .equiramqnt3. after them. The 1992 RCHM(E) The larger of the two surviving Projoct managoment conruhation and quotatiom. rcpoft Yotkshie fextile Mills 1770- buildings dates from the origin oI 1930, hy Colu.I, and the late Giles the mills in 1825. lt was rebuilt after lan Goodall, encouraged interest in a Iire in 1844 but includes much of I them, and a good number have the original engine house, and is I* been listed. The pressure oI listed grade ll*. The WYAAS L development, and in particular the recommended recording and the demand land means for lor housing, preservation house of the engine - that demolitions continue, but also .rl remains. ,J. that developers are now readier to , The West Riding was a maior ..i ?*{ u consider a conversion to apartments centre of the tanning industry from particularly ei&. or officet for listed mills at least the sixteenth century and '!pri. reasonable condition. When in Leeds was second only to london as changes are made, whether an industrial leather producer in the Samsoo Road, Hermitage lndusldal Estate, (onversion, demolition or it is now nineteenth century An excavation Coolville, Leicestershire LE67 3FP common for the West Yorkshire by ARCU5, the University of Tel: Ol53O 811308 Archaeology Service Advisory Sheflield's archaeological Email: [email protected] (WYAAS), like others elsewhere, to consultancy, has unearthed the CA St Web: www.cartironweldltrg.co.uk recommend building recording and remains of a tannery including ten where *iron uelli,{ seruices hl, archaeological work tanning pits in the Westgate area oI appropriate. This throws light on the Wakefield, and it is hoped that successive the stages in something can be preserved in the (EH) Buildings at Risk Register, but site, excavations by ARCUS lound a development o, the older sitei the arB centre being built on the site. has now been restored with a lot of glass warte but no structural adoption oI new sources oI power, Researchers from the University of f85,000 EH grant and will be used remains of the late eighteenth gas and early examples of Eradford School of lvanagement for storage. century Aftercliffe Glasshouse. The production generation. or electricity have set up a website Ihe Heritage Protection Review listed l87t gate lodges and Among recent examples, the (www.bradford.ac.uk/pittards) to study by EH of Darnall Steelworks, manager's house are being repaired, Lodge nineteenth-century shaw (hronicle the history o, Pittards from Sheffield, was outlined in an article while the other listed 1913 steeland Mills, Boyes Lang Halifax, are slill an its origin at Yeovil, Somerset, in by Craig Broadwith, Prin(ipal (on(rete building, the Machine active textile mill but a ten year plan 1826, to recent times when, having Conservation and Design 0fficer, Shop, awaits attention. prepared for has been acquired the Leeds firm W. H. Miers 5heffield City Council, in the While melting ended in luly redevelopm€nt and ihe creation o, in the mid-1970t it produced high Summer 2006 Conservation 2005 at C0RU5's Stocksbridge covers an urban village. lt the quality leather for luxury goods, Bulletin. lt was the only pilot study Steelworks. billet rolling was remains associated scheduled oI the Iashion accessories and sports concerned with an industrial site. stopped for a short while and then gas works and an 1895 extension oI equipment. lts decision to close its Conservation work is being funded resumed, and it seems likely to the 1855 engine house for a dynamo [eeds factory on the cross Green by fl.4m from the European continue for some time, partly as an provide power. to electric Tte WYAAS industrial estate and transler work Regional Development tund and indired result oI the transler ol rail recommended that the plans should to Yeovil and to a subcontractor in f300,000 from EH, and has begun in rolling from Workington to be changed to retain this. Tle grade Asia led to the study which is the part of the site occupied by the Scunthorpe. Eckland Bridge Works listed Woodhouse Mill, at Steeton ll recorded on the website. laser cutting firm Mayflower at Millhouse Green near Penistone, the near Keighley, dates from early A glass industry developed in Technology. Iheir offices are now in where Hoyland Fox made wire and nineteenth century and includes the South and West Yorkshire from the the listed 1913 steel and (on.rete umbrellas until recently, is beinq remains oI hvo 1810! waterwheel seventeenth century after coal Heat Treatment Building, which has demolished for a housing pits, houses two beam engine replaced charcoal as fuel. An been given an external cladding to development alter building (1840s/50s), a mid- nineteenth important site is the scheduled protect the decaying concrete. recording and archaeological work. gas century retort house for Bolsterstone Glasshouse near Rubbish has been cleared and Ihe site began as a water powered production, and a 1904 horizontal Stocksbridge, excavated in the preparatory work begun at the'1871 paper mill in the eighteenth century house. WYAAS recently engine the 1980s by Denis Ashurst who lound 48-hole crucible steel melting shop, From 1875 it was used by William recommended archaeological evidence oI waste heat recycling in the largest surviving in Britain, and Hoyland, who had been company recording of the retort house. the flues (now reburied) beneath the the adioining range of smaller secretary at Samuel tox's Leeds, also Stonebridge Mills, long gone lurnace. The Glasshouse crucible shops; the whole group is Stocksbridge steel works, to make grade ll listed, were established in has been on the English Heritage scheduled. 0n the other part of the the Flexus umbrella Irame with

INDIJSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 140 13 REGIONAL NEWS

spring steel ribs which he had is in hand to reopen another plans to resume producing flour. f995,000 from the Heritage [ottery invented. The firm has moved to a Doncaster pit, Hatfield, by driving There is an ambitious scheme to put Fund for the Search Engine project. new factory at Goldthorpe. MAGNA, down from the High Hazel to the a large new waterwheel in the this will create a NationalCentre for the science adventure cenlre in the Barnsley seams. This is a joint wheelpit of the Britannia Corn [4ill Railway Knowledge, based on the former Templeborough steel works, venture of KRU, Russia's second (demolished in 1975) close to present library and archive and open Rotherham, has opened a new largest opencast mining firm, and K€lham lsland Museum in Sheflield, to the public without prior attraction called Living Steel, an former l.JK Coal (hief Richard Budge. to generate electricity. appointment, and a Railway interactive exhibition based on the The target is to produce coal by A fea5ibility study by Community Archive to collect the memories of former steelworkers, ,anuary 2008. Philford Engineering, consullants Atkins has stories of railway families and give some of whom now show visitors Rotherham, one of the few surviving recommended the restoration of the access to oral history and moving round. mining engineering lirms in greater part of the Barnsley and images in audio-visual booths. Braime's Pressed Steel Works at Yorkshire, is building the heavy duty Dearne and Dove Canals to give a Because oI the work involved the 153'5 Hunslet Road, Leeds, has conveyors lor the project. through route between the Calder existing Research Centre will be been listed grade ll. lt was built in Howsham corn mill on the and the Don. Pans, mainly on the closed until next autumn. l9ll-13 and has a terracotta lront. DeMent between Malton and York Dearne and Dove, will be on new Derek Eayliss and David Cant The firm was founded in 1888 to did well in the latest series of the alignments. Barnsley MBC planning make oil cans, and later produced BBC's'Restoration'. The strong otficers are supporting the inclusion other pressings. lts work in World community involvement in its oI the scheme in the new [o(al East Anglia War lqualilied it for an armed police restoration impressed viewers, as Development Framework, and This year, the East of England lA guard. An earlier site from leeds' did its Gothick architecture ol Wakefield MBC is encouraging, but Conference was held atthe Museum engineering hislory is Midland Mills cl755. While it did not win, the Rotherham MBC sees difficulties of Fenland Drainaqe at Prickwillow in Silver Street, where textile publicity should help it to Iind over the new line in its area. The in Cambridgeshire. The turnout on a machinery was made lrom the early funding elsewhere. Ihe water corn standedge Visitor Centre at the beautiful day was good, and the nineteenth century and many mill at Crakehall near Eedale in entrance to Standedge Tunnel at programme went down well. lt surviving buildings date from the North Yorkshire, which has opened Marsden on the Huddersfield included talks on the wind and 1810s. lt is listed grade ll and to the public lor some years, has Narrow Canal reopened last dieselpowered eras of fen drainage WYAAS has recommended that regrenably closed. The WYAA5 summer, but it closes in the winter running of some ol the museum's more ofthe buildings should be kept recommended archaeological There are displays about the history fine collection of die5el engines in a proposed redevelopment and recording before demolition for two and restoration of the canal, and used for pumping, and a walk along that there should be archaeological eighteenth century water corn mills boat trips into the tunnel, which is lhe River l-ark to see the remains of recording. near Leeds, Horsforth corn mill in the longest on a British canal. both wind and diesel powered sites. ln Sheffield But(her Workt an Millbeck Park and Collingham Old the Middleton Railway has staying with the Fent the problem 1820s/50s cutlery and edge tool Mill (where the waterwheel been given a f730,000 Heritage with the jammed s(oop-wheel at works in Arundel Street, listed grade survived). Worsbrough Mill near Lottery grant to develop a new stretham 0ld Engine, mentioned ll', has been converted to Barnsley continues to be open to the visitor and resource centre at Moor last year, has been resolved with the apartments and three-quarters oI public. lt has its first woman miller, Road, Leeds. The National Railway help of the Waterbeach land the first phase was let in the first Catherine Roebuck, and there are Museum has successfully bid for Drainage Board.Ihe Board dredged hour. lt seems unlikely that it will be used any more as a Dickensian film REG!ONAL set. The last phase of the Five Welrs CORRESPONDENTS Walk along the Don lrom central Please support your Regional Correspondent by sending relevant material which may be of interest to our readers. Sheffield to Meadowhall has been completed, using a Bailey bridge Region 1: SCOTIAND Region 6: WAI-ES Region 1l: HOME COUNTIES moved lrom a sawmill not far away. Dr Miles Oglethone, RCAHtulS, John Pat frost, Castl€ring Archaeology, 33 Oxfordshie, Eedfotdshte, Eerkshhe, The name of the Walk refers to the Sinclair House, l6 Bernard Terrace, Stallion [ane, Pontesbury Shrewsbury Bucki ngha nsh he a nd He ttfotds h i rc weirs that fed water to local Edinburgh EH8 9NX Shropshire SY5 0PN Henry Gunston, 6 Clement Close, industries, while the Eailey bridge Region 2: IRELAND Region 7: WEST MIDIANDS Wantage, oxfordshire 0X12 7ED was designed by 5ir Donald Bailey Fred Hamond, 75 ocksley Park, Belfast Shtopshie, Staffotdshirc, West Region 12: SOUTH EAST from Rotherham, where another BIl O OA5 Midlandt WaNickshirc, Hercford and ENGLAND example stands in memory of him. Region 3: NORTHERN ENGI,AND Worcestet Hanpshhe and ble of Wighl Surey, There is con(ern about the future oI Cunbri4 Notihunbeland, fyne and lohn Powell, lronbridge Gorge Museum Sussex and Kent Trust, Coa€h Coalbrookdale Whirlow Wheel, one oI the few Weat, Duhan and Cleveland Road, Alan Thomas, 6 Birches Close, Epsom, Telford TF8 7DQ surviving water powered cutlery and Graham Erookt Coomara, Carleton, Surrey KTlS 5lG. Email: a.h.thomas@ edge tool grinding wheels in Carlisle, Cumbria CA4 0BU Region 8: EAST MIDLANDS btinternet.€om Sheffield. lt stands on the Limb Region 4: YORKSHIRE AND Dehyshie, Nottinghanshhe, Region 13:WEST OF ENGLAND Lincolnshhe, Brook, on the southwest edge oI the HUMBERSIDE Iei@ste6hie and SoneBet, Avon, 6loucesterthte, city. Unusually for Sheffield, the Nonh, South and West Yorkshte and Wiltshie and Do$et David somerville Road, waterwheelwas replaced in'1901 by Hunbe5ide tyne, l0 l\4ike Bonq Sunnyside, Avon Close, Leicester l-E3 2ET a turbine, which is still there but Derek Baylist 30 l\4uskoka Avenue, Keynsham, Bristol 8518 1LQ unused. The building dates from BenB Green, Sheffield 511 7RL Region 9: EAST ANGLIA Region 14: SoUTH WEST Canbridgeshhe Suffolk 1803, on an older site, and has long Region 5: NORTH WEST Noiolla and ENGLAND Essex been used as a park store. Now it is ENGI.AND Devon and Cornwall David Alderton, 48 Quay Street, suffering from vandalism and decay, Lancashte, Merseyside, Grcater Graham Thorne, 11 Heriot Way, Great Haleswonh, Suflolk lPl9 8EY Totham, Maldon, Essex CM9 8BW and there is no money for repairs. Manchestet a nd C hes h ire Production ended at Roger N. Holden, 35 Victoria Road, Region l0: GREATER l-ONDoN Doncaster's last working colliery Stockpon SK1 4AT Dr R. L N4. Call, 127 Queen's Drive, Rossington, on 3l March, but work London N4 288

14 |NDUSTR\AL ARcHAEoLoGy NEws 140 REGIONAL NEWS the dyke and pumped out the scoop listed and the rest is likely to be problems oI a conflict of inlerest are problems with the pond leaking wheel race, thus enabling the cleared between the fishermen looking Ior into the mealfloor, and cracks in the removal of timber iamming the At Gunton Sawmill in Norfolk, (ockles and mussels and English spokes of the spur wheel. Despite wheel, but it was also lound that a where in 2005 rot got a hold in a Narure which is concerned for Eider withdrawal of County Council steel plate had collapsed, and the beam supporting one ol the main Duck which Irequent the sands. funding, the town council has found board has promised to deal with bearings and the saw could no Carr-stone is still being quarried in extra lunds to enable Buttrum's Mill this. longer be safely operated, work over the Heacham area, and the local in Woodbridge to open again in ln Cambridgeshke generally, the the winter enabled demonstration lavender growing and processing 2007. Anyone in the area really proposed guided bus system along sawing to recommence in lvlay. As industry flourishes. The large Eagle should visit this magnificent the route of the defunct Cambridge no millwright was availablq the mill at Downham Market, is example of what was cutting edge to St lves railway is going ahead, work was done very adequately by a probably the last mill built for steam technology in the 1830s. with the consequent demolition of local (arpenter, and it now runs still produ(ing flour in the Eastern Sources of inrormation include some of the remaining railway more smoothly than before. Ite reqion. More encouraqingly, there Suffolk IAS and Norlolk lA5 buildings and structures. mills trust continues its good work, has been restoration work on some newsleters, Suffolk Mills Group Redevelopment plans for the with Polkey's Mill at Reedham nicely oI the local icehouser if only to help Newsletter, Ken Alger, Peter Filby, Foster's mill site beside the railway restored, including the water the bat population. Adam Gold, Keith Hinde, Derek station in Cambridge include llats in channels and scoop wheel. ln Suffolk. the lpswich branch oI lvanning, Tony Vine and Steven the fine mill building, and somewhat Fakenham Gasworks has seen a the lnland Waterways Association Worsley. Ihe use I have made oI it is improbably a Heritage Centre in the doubling of visitor numbers, though won the AlAs Dorothea my responsibility. silo. Ihe future of Hauxton Mill, the still only just below 1000, but it Conservation Award for their David Aldenon last working commercial watermill soldiers on with good volunteer restoration of Creeting tock on the in Cambridgeshire, is uncertain but support . Despite its listing, the early Gipping. They took a lot of trouble West it still contains its machinery At the nineteenth century textile mill at the to retain the original appearance Midlands Cambridge Museum of Technology core ol Read's Flour N4ill has while making the lock usable. Ihe Two headline-grabbing stories industry have the boiler repairs have been acquired an inappropriate steam drifter Lydia Eva has now all relating to the food (ompleted and the engines were penthouse in the course of its the funds to commence work, Ieatured prominently in the West steamed again in August. The conversion to flats. There is concern including a Heritage l-ottery grant of iilidlands during 2006. Firstly, it was collection of material Irom the Ior the laurence Scott f839,000. she will be restored to announced early in the year that the Cambridge lnstrument Company Electromotors site, with virtually no full steaming orde( which should HP Sauce Iactory located in Aston in close (Pye) is steadily being augmented. protection even ,or the inleresting enable her to return to her original north Birmingham, was to The Historic Environment 'Gothic' railway lrontage, and also home at Great Yarmouth, with production transrerred to 100 Branch of Essex county council has for the New Mills air compressor occasionally at least. Work will Holland and the loss ofjust over completed its 17th thematic station, the luture ol which remains include a museum in the fish hold. lt iobs. Seen as something comparative survey of Essex historic very uncertain, despite its unique is hoped the work will be completed quintessentially Eritish, with the industrial monuments, of workers' machinery in pretty good condition. by the early summer of 2008. Much Houses of Parliament on the label, housing built by industry (see page At the Gressenhall Museum, it is more problematic is the Tolly HP Sauce and its predecessors have XXX for a fuller account). Althouqh hoped to overhaul the boiler so the brewery site on Cliff Quay in been made in Birmingham for a (ould most dates from the mid-nineteenth steam engines can be run again, and lpswich. Sin(e the museum lailed century or mo.e, so not to be century there are eighteenth and the building holding the steam after losing the conlract to brew allowed to be made abroad without early nineteenth century examples laundry is being restored, so the beer lor other companies, the a fight! Academic and professional at sites such as Mistley Quay and plant (mostly 1940s/50s) can be on brewery has been in limbo. lt is too Brummie Carl chinn spearheaded a Waltham Abbey Gunpowder mills, show Sadly, attitudes towards inaccessible to run as a museum on vociferous press and media and mid-twentieth century Norwich's industrial past are too its own, and conversion for housinq campaign against the closure. A examples from Waltham Abbey well revealed by an exhibition at the is prevented because it lies next to bottle oI HP was, perhaps inevitably, again and the water industry, castle Museum on shoes which an oil depot, quite apart from the brandished in the House at Prime lndustry-run housing is now rare, failed to mention that Norwich until fact that all the interior plant is Minister's Question Time, and a though one survivor is the jam recently housed a major shoe listed along with the building. boycott of all Heinz products was factory at Tiptree. The most industry, and one not yet dead. However, lpswich Borough Coun(il threatened (Heinz having recently important sites are probably the Certainly the surviving factory has been investigating development purchased the HP factory from planned towns at HaMich (G.E.R.), buildings have very little statutory funding for re-opening it as a Danone). All to no avail, however, as Silver End (Crittall Windows) and protection. brewery. More cheerfully, a former the linal outcome is that the plant East l]lbury (Bata shoes), the laner ln West Norfolk, there has been (abmen's shelter severely damaged will cease production in early 2007, two being interwar ln most cases an interesting conversion of the in an arson attack has been restored and the factory will no longer be a the housing survives the industries lighthouse and coastguard tower at and returned to Christchurch Park. landmark forthose who dare to take and their buildings, but private Hunstanton. All of the Ilax lactory At telixstowe the roller mill and their eyes off the road when dashing ownership inevitably aflects the built on the Sandringham estate the seaplane hangar still stand, but up or down the Aston Expressway. coherent appearance ol an estate. during rhe second World War has seem to be doomed by the port's A similarly vocal campaign was Ite next two surveys will be of been demolished with the odd expansion plans described last year. mounted in shropshire against the water and steam mills and railway exception of a rather scrulfy As always the suffolk lMills Group closure of the Allscott sugar Factory buildings. lI only other counties corrugated iron store. Within Kings have been hard at work, with Opened in'1927, as part of the rapid would follow the Essex example of Lynn virtually all the medieval repairs to the post mill at Drinkstone growth in the sugar beet industry thematic surveys, the industrial warehousing is now converted to well in hand, and Stanslield tower Iollowing the shonages experienced archaeological record would be in a residential or office use, and the mill given a simple roof and made in World War l. it was built in open much better state. Sadder news is Savage's site is totally cleared. watertight. Although Pakenham countryside just west of Wellington, that at the site of the world's first Howeve[ some industries survive: watermill has had a good season and has become a lamiliar reference radio factory Marconi's in Iishing boats still moor in the tisher with increased visitor numbers and point for walkers on top of the chelmsford, only the office block is Fleet at Kings Lynn, though there are sales of stone-ground flour, thele nearby Wrekin hill. Adiacent to the

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 140 15 REGIONAL NEWS

Shrewsbury to Birmingham railway by road, and protestors have their livelihood. Again, protests have see a number of events, lectures, linq it formerly had its own private pointed out how dependent large been to no avail and, Iollowing the exhibitiont etc. throughout sidings and locomotives. Lanerly, all numbers of shropshire farmers have closure of the slightly earlier (1925) England, Wales and Scotland to deliveries of sugar beet have been become on growing sugar beet for Kidderminster factory a few years commemorate this. Though not on ago, the end of the current Allscott the scale of Brunel 200, it is hoped campaign willsee the sugar industry that the celebrations will do disappear from the area alllogether something to re-establish the Close to the Wrekin and the reputation oI this remarkable sugar works is the old A5, still engineer and draw the public's known locally as the Holyhead attention to his many fine Road, a reminder ol the close a(hievements. association that the civil engineer 2006 has been another good Thomas Telford had with this year for the Severn Valley Railway. EI z locality. He was Surveyor of Public Not only have they su(ceeded in *ffE Works lor the County of Salop from completing the impressive overall 1787 until his death in 1834, and it rool at their Kidderminster terminut ?/Y is because of this close local but rapid progress is also being association, and the Holyhead Road made with thei new locomotive in particular. that the nearby Dawley storage shed / museum at Highley. ::? New Town was re-named Telford in When completed, this will provide his honour in the late 1960s. much needed undercover storage Numerous examples oI his work, Iacilities lor locomotives awaiting including bridges, churches and, of boiler renewals, etc., and will at the Alkcott sug wot*s, iust west of Wellihgtoh, Shropshie, in the 1956. lt is to alote coursq Longdon on Tern Aqueduct same time allow access to the lollowing the 2006/7 wihter canpaign Ploto: honbidge Gorge Muteun frust survive in the vi(inity.2007 marks visitinq public. the 250th anniversary of Telford's John Powell bi(h (in s(otland in 1757) and will

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fhonas fellord's li6t ian btidge (1196) at Suildwat Shropshire has since been rcplaced \\ \\ \\ indu\lrirl-lrchrrcolosr.or! uL (lwi@!) but many ol hit wo*s tu\ive neafuy. fhe 250th anniveqary of his bitth will be .onnemorated in 2007 Photo: honbidge Gorye Museun Trust

I I i I THE BOOK HOUSE ! The leading industrial archaeology booksellers since 1963 - books on all aspects of gi.. ! - -i 1" ! technology & transport '! I ! LISTS ISSUED - FREE SEARCH SERVICE ! We have rroved a sho( way to Erough on the A66 trunk road be- r-- tween Scotch Corner & Pennth. Our new premrses are rn Grand Pflx ".,^",i ! Buidings at the north end ofthe rrain street - there are usually ! several Grand Prix coaches in the yard 9,. ! The new shop is normally opetl lrom 10am lo 4-30pm except .,:;,;i{ ! - I on Sundays & Tuesdays. but Brigid may be away at a book i fai or conletence so please ring fitsl if coming lrom a dis- tance Phone or write for a calalogue or follow the link frcm i our website ! The Book House, Grand Prix Buildings, t:l ! Brough, Kirkby t .rel: Stephen, CA17 4AY fhe Severn Valley Railway't new locomotive ttudge building at Highley takes shape ! 017683-42748 www.thebookhouse.co.uk towads theet 012006 Photo: lohn powell I

16 TNDUSTRIAL ARcHAEoLocy NEws t40 AIA NEWS lronbridge Roads Weekend New members H. Harnow odense, Denmark Dr A. Horning, Leicester This year's lronbridge weekend, l4-15 April, is on Tle AIA welcomes the following new members: R. P lsrael, Bath the topi( of Roads: Characteristics and torms of A. R. Bakei Poulton-le-Fylde R, Jackson, Bristol lransport. Dr W 8ar[ Glasgow James, Hemel Hempstead Full details and a booking form are enclosed A. Blunt, Kenilworth 5. Sheffield with this mailing. A. Eouther, Hereford 0.lessop, C. Jorgensen, Copenhagen, Denmark Ray Riley, Affiliated Societies Secretary E. G. and A. H. Brown, Radsto(k C. S. Kulicke, Fort Washington, USA N. Buchanan, Wigan W J. lilason, Chorley S. Burkq Perth, Australia AIA Annual Conference 2007 Dr l. Mellor, Hemingbrough l. Cases, Caveirac, France the AIA be P. Payne, ulverston The 2007 annual conference of will N. Cole, teeds held in Preston at the University of Central I i. Peters, london E. .1. H. Coulson, Reading Lancashire. The main conlerence from J. Phimester, Eynsham will be M.J. Daviet Douglas, lsle oI Man August R, Pomfret, omskirk triday l0 to Sunday 12 with the additional I Davies, Machynlleth programme extending to Thursday 16 August. R. Pressland, Charfield .1. Edgar, Townsville, Australia Details are enclosed with this mailing. M. Ramirez, tepe, Spain Dr W. Freer, Ashby de la Zouch John McGuinness Dr c. Rayne, cork, Republic of Ireland R. 5. Galloway, Kidderminister Roberts, Sheffield S. Hallam, London I Dr A. Spurgeon, Malvern B. Halter Lerchwonh Dr D. Watson, lrarlborough l. Hind, Thame C. Whincup, Lan(aster D. Hodgkinson, Stoke 0n Trent A. Wright, Ilkley K. Hollamby, Lincoln

LETTERS

Locked in a paradigm an unrepentant technocentric, but ldeny being Demolition of post-war buildings locked paradigm, which sounds most When lwrote my letter which was published in /A in a a ln lA News 139, page 17, Graham Thorne thing to happen to anybody, Ihomas News 136 (SIing 2006) under the title 'our unpleasant mentions the plight of unlisted post-war buildings Kuhn has a lot to answer for. fascination with machines' I hardly expected to in central Plymouth, lamous Ior its post blitz Roget N.Holden find mysell being cheered, indeed I though some reconstrudion and modern city (entre. This is a rugeL holde n @ca re4free. ne t people might wish to boo me instead. Nor, having serious matter The precarious position oI 50 year Victoia Road, Stockpott SKI 4Af made my point, did I really want to come back 35 old planned city centres has been graphi(ally again. However, Audrey Horning's review of demonstrated by recent events in Bristol where a 'lndustrial Archaeology: tuture Directions' in the The three-generation paradigm large amount ol demolition has taken place; here Review mostly buildings from roughly the 1960s or early latest issue ol lndustrial Archaeology A number of authors have taken of late to relerring (V01.28, p123) 1970s were destroyed. A block near Broad No.2, November 2006, does to a three-generational paradigm for English Quay, prompt just to the east, is/was about to come down and a couple oI reflections. industrial archaeology. A(cording to this model, the side Bond First, the story behind my Iocusing on the baseline fir5t generation industrial archaeologist a large area on the 5outh of 'antriumphalist' is more than she streevNewfoundland Street has been cleared. word amusing is Neil Cossons, while earlier practitioners, like Rex probably Although no doubt generally unloved, is anyone imagines. When I first read it I did Wailet Tom Rolt or George Watkint are pre- or taking an interest in these structures? This i5 the indeed read it as'anti-triumphalist', but to be proto-industrial archaeologists. Michael Rix, who honest I not I was interested in writing kind thing younger members might be did think burdened us with the title oI industrialarchaeology of encouraged to do. such narrativet nor indeed the implicitly criticised in the lirst place. is a mythical character akin to 'pro-triumphalist' narratives. I The buildings of the present time, now being lt was only when Adam or the tisher King. erected in large numbers in all our cities, aIe steel went back to check the reference that I found the second generation comes with the real 'antriumphalist'. and glast just as much as 1960s buildings were that it actually said I had noted archaeologistt like Marilyn Palmer and David book, indeed predominantly concrete. Eristol is only getting the the number of typos in this and the Cranstone, who brought (onceptual kameworks, photographt same treatment as most UK cities. The Colston incorrect captioning of the cover research agendas and rigour from the university Jowe[ however appears to be a reclad building - but I was now faced with a dilemma, was this a archaeology depanments. Ihere is a simple self- piece it looks like an early 1970s block recycled. Some typo or was it a of esoteric verbiage? assessment test to know il you belong to the first recycling does take place. Eventually I decided for the laner. or the second generation which involves looking meeting in Birmingham in April 2006 a Secondly, I do have now to put in a word of at a mirror and saying 'post-pro(essual'. At a book, Horning is no doubt fairly elderly lady asked about 'tuture Heritage'. support for the Audrey Hesitation or lisping means you're definitely I G. future? Who is looking after correct that the hardback edition is exorbitantly ldentiring members of the third generation What about the priced paperback future heritage - that which we will leave to but there is in lact a edition, is trickie[ and to me it starts to look rather lest postage from generations? This is an even more mine cost me f21.78 plus like a generational paradigm - later ones learn future wwwamazon.co.uk. So you see for daunting question. if want to from bur kick earlier ones - and more like a yoursell fuss is you can do so Things move on apace - not long ago we what all the aboul schools paradigm, rival centres of oprnion, in having to out a bank loan. were bemoaning the loss of Victorian buildings. without take Leicester, lvlan(hestet ShefIield or Exeter, people Ihe general public, and especially the car-bound Finally, I do have to say that some will competing to impose their perspectives. rather who tend to be excluded, are probably not that be horrilied to learn that, than moving lrom Either way it is part ot a climate of discussion aware of what is happeninq in town centres. the technological to the social, I have recently that make5 British industrial archaeology more perusing Roben Caff been moving in lhe opposite direction by stimulating than anywhere else at the moment, the report of the 1833 tadory Commission into and the AIA can take considerable credit for that. the employment of children to lind what it can tell Janes Douet me about the structure ofearly weaving mills.And Editot TICCIH Bulletin it contdins some very interesting data.50 I remain Barcelona

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 140 17 PUBTICATIONS

Local Society and other periodicals received warehouses, the traditional hand Abstracts will appear in lndustrial Archaeology Review operated walks and workshops continued S.i Berkshhe lndustrial Archaeology Group Ne@ 10, Autumn 2006 alongside for more Rrcwery Histoty,122, Spring 2006 specialist work. The u I I a Etewety Histoty Society Newlettel 35, Spting 2005 hiqhly distinctive t E rir Bristol lA Society Eulletin, 118 heritage of Bridport tl { Cumb a lndustrial History Society Bulletin,65, August 2006 includes the old Cumbrian lndustrialis!, Volume 6, 2006 medieval burgage plots English Heritage Conservation Bulletin 52, Summer 2006 which became long l- Greatet London lA Society Newsletter, 224, )une 2006;225, August spinning walks, some I 2006 226, october 2006 still surviving as Hampshie lA Society Focus on lndustrial Archaeology,66, )une 2006, gardens, while the il r;.!:.r\\.''rll.r', 67, December 2006 South West Quadrant is Hanpshire lA So.iety Journal, 14, 2006 said to be one of the Hanpshite Milb Group Newsletter, T2, Spring 2006 country's earliest industrial suburbs. lt developed from the late eighteenth ICE Panel for Historical Engineeting Works ilewsletter, 110, )une century into an area packed with long rope and net work' covered walks 2006, I I l, September 2006 and warehouses. Bridport's harbour at West Bay harbour is also included, lndustrial Heritage,32/1 Summer 2006, 32/2 Aulumn 2006 where warehouses retain wooden cranes and hoists inside. Ihe book lndustrial Heritage Association of lreland NewsletteL 26, February concludes with an examination of the survival and future of the industrial 2006; 27 , July 2006:28, odober 2006 heritage and the initiatives to preserve the distinctive historic areas. Joumal of the Nortolk lA Society, 811 ,2006 '117, Manchester Region lA Society Newsletter, Augu( 2006; 118, James Watt Volume 3: friumph thtough adversity, 1785-'t8l9,by Rev 0(tober 2006 Dr Richard L. Hills. Ashbourne: tandmark Publishing. 2006. 288 pp, 60 illus. Merseyside lndustrial He tage Society NeryJletter, 269, october 2006 tsBN 1 84306 193 7, f26.99. fhe Mole - Newsletter of F ends of Williamson's funnels, 17, )une lhis last volume of a trilogy, which is the first new biography on Watt 2006 Ior over 60 yeart covers Watt's later engine patentt the development ofthe Museum of Bath at Wo* NewsletteL Summer 2005; Autumn 2005; rotative enginq the calculation of the power of engines, and his involvement Sprinq 2006; Autumn 2006 with the Cornish iiletal Co. in 1785-92.other chapters include family Piers: the Journal of the National Piers Sorletl, 80, Summer 2006 tribulationt Watt's experiments and manufacture of chlorine and medicinal SAVE Bfiain's He tage Newsletter, May 2006 gases, and the rivals and infringers oI his patents with accounts of the trials Search: the Bulletin of the South Wiltshire lA so(r'etl, 84, september brought against Bull and Hornblower in the 1790s. We next see the 2006 workaholi( Waft in retirement when he was interested in steam power for Some6et lA Society Rulletl,in 101, April 2006; 102, August 2006 boats, a project for the Glasgow waterworks, Sheerness Dockyard and Suffolk lA Society l,lewsletter, 94, August 2006; 95 November 2006 sculpturing machines such as the'parallel eidoqraph' which made multiple Surrey lndustrial History Gtoup Newsletter, 152, luly 2006; 153, copies at the same time. There is a final coverage of his death on 25 August September 2006; 154, November 2006 '1819 at the age of 84. tussex lA Society NewsletteL 130, Aptil2006; 132, october 2006 Sussex Mills Gtoup Newsletter, 130, Aptil2006; 132, october 2006 fhe Windnills of fhonas Hennell, by Alan Stoyel, Ashbourne: Landmark CCIH Bulletin, 33, S1ing2006 Publishing.2006. 144 pp, 120 illus. ISBN 1 84306 224 0,|SBN-13 978 1 frevithick Society Newsletter, 121, Aptil 2006 84306 224 0.93 7 . t19.99. Watertront, 1 l, AutumnMinter 2006 Thomas Hennell, who is also known for his illustationsix, Chanqe in the Waterwotds: News from the Waterwo*s Museun, Hereford, Aulumr farfl (1933), became an official war artist but tragically disappeared in .Java 2006;Winter 2006 late in 1945. He was a close friend Welsh Mines Society Newsletter,54, Spring 2006; 55, Autumn 2006 of the late Rex Wailes and this Worcesterchite lA & Local History Society lourral, 30, Summer 2006 unique collection ol paintings and Yorkshire Archaeological Society, lndustrial Histoty Section drawings ol windmill5 belongs to THE WIN DM ILLS OF Newsletter,66, Early Spring 2006; 67, tate Spring 2006; 68, Autumn 2006 the latter's family. There are 78 THOMAS HENNELL windmills illustrated, moslly in Books Received England, but also some in Wales, lreland and France, and Hennell's The following books have been received for review in lndustrial Archaeology sketches capture the details lar h*.- Review. better than a photograph. The book t is aimed at mill enthusiasts as well Bridpoft and West Bay: fhe buildings of the flax and hemp industry, as those wishing to learn more of by MikeWilliams. Swindon: English Heritage, 2006. 68 pp,70 illus. ISBN-10 the working details. Alan Stoyel has I 873 592 86 8, ISBN-I3 978 1 873 592 86 '1. paperback f7.99. lf ordered grouped the pictures into chapters through English Heritage Postal Sales (Tel: 01761 452966) quote product covering the windmill in the code 51167. landscape, harnessing the wind, An attractive publication highlighting the characteristic buildings of a inside post, tower and smock millt West Dorset industry which has been continuous sin(e at least 1211. millstones, sack-hoists and other Bridport gained a reputation lor making tlvine, rope, sailcloth, canvas and machines and equipment. He has added inlormative notes to accompany also nets for the Newfoundland fisheries and mu(h later for sports.Although each illustration, and includes a glossary ol windmill terms. A salutary much declined, activity roday includes the manuladure oI aviation cargo postscript notes that 27 of the mills have disappeared completely and only nets. Despite the development of steam powered mills, covered walks and 25 (an be said to remain in a similar condition today.

18 INDUSTRIAL AR.HAE)LoGY NEws I4o PUBLICATIONS

SHORT NOTICES ditferent styles of firework. She looks at how knowledge of the use and production of gunpowder and fireworks was disseminated from China and period Rtine in Eritannia: Recent Archaeological Work on the Roman Salt lndia to Europe via the Arab world even before the of direct trade goes lndustry in Cheshire (Archaeology Notth West Vol 7), ed. Michael with the Far East. 5he on to look at the development and use of rockets in warfare (and incidentallylor Nevell & Andrew P Fielding. Manchester: University of Manchester, 2005. lile'saving). and atthe development ofgrand firework lnterestingly, 72pp, illus.lSBN 0 9527813 4 4, ISSN 0962-4201. f10.00. displays. in seventeenth and eighteenth-century government Ihis booklet Ialls well outside the archaeology of the industrial England the same offi(ial was responsible for fireworks for war as well as was period. Nevertheless, salt making, like many other industriet saw steady for celebrationt and only in the mid-nineteenth century production private development rather than revolutionary change from its early pre'Roman firework lor national events handed over to the sector, a sector which have origint and Andrew tielding's chapter on practical salt-making describes seems to been in existence since the sixteenth century prohibition techniques which even in a major salt producing area like Cheshire were despite official in 1697. However, although Dr Buchanan provides researched, fundamentally unchanged in the nineteenth (entury and can still be seen a well coherent and lively account of techni(al developments and the history on production demonstrated at the Lion Works today. This volume is e5sential reading for oI fireworkt there is very little plant anyone investigating salt production sites of any period, but perhaps methodt used, factory design or any of the details uselul to the industrial a his patch. especially those working in more remote areas where methods and even archaeologist with fireworks factory on scale changed little behveen the lron Age and the early modern period. fhe Nestle Company in Salisbury (Histoical Monogtaph l7), by lohn Pothecary Salisbury: South Wilts lndustrial Archaeology so(iety. 2006.12pp, East Surrey Underground, by Peter Burgess. Crawley: P, Burgess. 2006. illus. ISBN 0 906195 l7 9. No price given. 121 pp, illus. f10.50 incl p&p from the authoi 8 Trotton Close, l\.4aidenbower, This pamphlet is a valuable reminder that the Iood processing industries Crawley, West Sussex RH10 7rP. have industrial The author is a leading light oI the Wealden Cave & Mine Society and an archaeology well worth recording. Ihe author's sources vary personal has been actively engaged in researching the mine5 underground quarries from company records to reminis(ences, and have not always been very integrated, and other man-made and natural spaces oI east Surrey for some decades. well nor can it be said that the account is totally (oherent. Neverthelest this is local Chapters are devoted to safety, sand caves and minet firestone quarries, a very wonhwhile record of a specialist industry, and well produced for a short run publication. Useful illustrations hearthstone minet underground mushroom farms, wartime use s, include pictures personnel, plant deneholes, fullers earth mines, subsidences, swallow-holes, early an aerialview oI the workt of and vehiclei The exploration, rumourt myths and conservation. The book includes a number and colour reproductions of ephemera such as labels and instructions. plant processes, preparing oI photoqrapht location maps, mine plans, sections and finds. This account covers the installed, from colleding and making preparing authoritative book is highly recommended. the milk to tins for condensed milk, and iron rations for troops at the front, and some information about the treatment of the work force. Guildford via Cobhan - fhe O gins and lnpact of a Country Railway, All too often relatively small concerns leave very little to inform the future when they (lose, and the is making the by Howard Mallinson. claygate: H. Mallinson. 2006. 278 pp, 227 illus, 16 author to be congratulated lor effort to bring this material together, and south Wilts Society ror maps. hardback. ISBN 0-9543934-2-2. f25 r f5 p&p obtainable from the the publishing it. author,22 Gordon Road, Claygate, Surrey KT10 oPQ. The railway from Surbiton to Guildford via Cobham parallels the main line via Woking at a distance of no more than five miles. Although it is now very busy with commuter traffic, it was operated at a loss from the time it was opened in 1885 untilthe house-building boom oI the post-Vl,/W era and electrilication. Howard Mallinson has studied in detail the circumstances DIARY and pressures that led to the construction of the line, its subsequent history lrom its opening until the present day. and the impact its presence had on 24 FEBRUARY 2OO7 passed. years the communities and country through which it For many traffic ARCHAEOLOGY AnlD INDUSTRY IN MANCHESTER consisted of agricultural goodt livestock few passengers, mainly and a at Tratford Park Heritage Centre with wide range of topi(s. For details Tel travelling london. The landowners' profitable development to hopes of of 0161 980 7612, emaiI admin@ mrias.co.uk, or see www.mrias.co.uk the adjacent land were slowly realised, initially mainly for the building of large houses lor wealthy people wanting a country home. Sufficient 't4-15 APRTL 2007 development to ensure profitable commuter traffic did not begin until the AIA IRONBRIDGE WORKING WEEKEND 'Roads: '1920s and'30s, particularly after the line was electrified in 1925. Most olthe at Coalbrookdale, the AIA affiliated societies' weekend on existing villages on the line expanded greatly, losing their former character, characteristics and Forms ofTranspon.'A booking lorm is enclosed with this and there was an extensive new settlement at Hinchley Wood. After !\Mll mailing. the establishment of the Green Belt inhibited further development, so that 17-22 APRIL 2007 the scenery through which the line passes stilliustifies its description as a 5TH INTERNATIONAL IA CONFERETiICE & WORKSHOP 'country railway'.Ihe traffi( was nevertheless sufficient to save the line from in Romania, with study visits to Caras Severin and Budarest. TICCIH the'Beeching axe' which fell on another country line to GuilIord, that from Conference inlo: !rina lamandescu, [email protected], Horsham. The book has been lavishly produced, with many excellent black' [email protected] and-white and colour photographs.The include illustrations of the line under 18-20 APR|L 2007 construction, and in operation up to the present day: but the work is WILTSHIRE'S INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE essentially one oI social history panicularly in respect oI the impact of the at Urchfont, a residential course with lectures and field visits. Detai15 from: line on the countryside and the local communities. Urchfont Manor College, Devizes SNl0 4RG, Tel: 01380 840495, tax: 01380 840005, Website: wwwurchfontmanor.co.uk Gunpowdet Plots: a celebtation of 400 yea6 of Bonfire Nights, by Brenda Bu(hanan, et al. tondon:Allen Lane, 2005. 188 pp, illus. ISBN 0 7'13 21 APRTL 2007 99886 5. f14.99. SERIAC This is a series ol essays on various aspects ol the history of celebrating at Reading University, the south East Region lA Conlerence organised by the 5 November. 0f most interest lo the industrial archaeologist is the last essay Berkshire lA Group with assistance lrom Sussex lA Society. Contact Dennis by Brenda Buchanan on'Making Fireworks'which is mainly (oncerned with .lohnson, 12 The Huntley, Carmelite Drive, Reading. RG30 258, email: the techniques and difrering types of powder and container needed for huntleyl [email protected]

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 140 19 D

2 rue Saint Denis, 08210 - Mouzon involving volunteers and the (France), Tel: +33 3 24267448 (ommunity sector alongside professionals. Hosted by the lnland Waterways Association. Further at Devizes, hosted by Wiltshire detalls are at: www.wcc2007.(o.uk Archaeological & Natural History at Reimg France, organised by the Society. lnlormation when available Association pour le Patrimoine Irom: Doug Roseaman, do WANHT at Divonne-Les-Bains (trance) and lndustriel de Champagne-Ardenne 4l Long street, Devizes, SN101NS. Geneva (Swieerland), seminar with at MoMellham, West Devon, hosted in conjunction with TlCClH. See local visitt aiming to establish a www.ticcih.org for information. by Tamar Mininq Group, Plymouth TICCIH section for electricity and Caving Group and other local energy. See wwwticcih.org for NAMHo members. see details on details. the National Association of lvlining THE AIA WEBSITE'S History 0rganisations' website: DIARY SECTION GIVES 73rd East Midlands lA at Boston. the www.namhoconference.org.uk FULLER DETAILS OF THE conference, hosted by the Society LATEST NOTICES OF Ior Lincolnshire History and CONFERENCES AND at Leadviile, Colorado, USA. tor Ar(haeology, on the draining of the MEETINGS. IT ALSO details see: Lincolnshire Fens. Funher details INCLUDES AN www,mininqhistoryasso(aiation.orq Irom SLHA, Jew's Court, Steep Hill, EDUCATION SECTION at llminste[ a course with lectures Lincoln LN2 I LS, wr,1/\i/-industrial-archaeology.org.uk and field visits. Details from Dillington House, llminster, somerset at Harwich, the l Tth East oI England IA19 gDT, Tel: 01460 52426, Regional lA Conference. Send SAE See advert on page 8. Contact Paul lor details and booking form to Mrs website: www.dillington.co.uk. saulte, 80 udimore Road, Rye, B. Taylor, Crown House, Horsham St Sussex, TN31 7DY or e-mail: Faithr NoMich [email protected] NR t0 3lD. at the university of Central lancashire, Preston, the AIA annual AIA conference. Papers are enclosed at Wellington, the South Wales & with this mailing. West Region lA Conference organised at Wrexham, launch conference for INDUSIRIAT ARCHAEOTOGY NEWS by Somerset lA Society. Details from the nomination o, the Pontcysyllte (formerly AIA Bulletin ISSN 0309 0051) Geoff Fitton, Giles Cottage Hill Lane and Chirk Aqueducts as a World t55N 1354-1455 Brent Knoll, Somerset, TA9 4Dt, Heritage Site. This will be the first Tel: 01278 760869 or email: Editor: Dr Peter Stanier meeting of the new British geoff@fi ttong.f reeserve.co.uk Committee of TlCClH. See paqe 11 at Bochum, Germany. Call for Publithed by tl,€ Association fot lndustrial for details or email; papers. tor details email: Archaeology. Contributions should be kay.ri(kard@wrexham. gov.uk. [email protected], or sent to the Editor, tu Peter Staniet, 49 Ereach Lane, Shaftesbury, Dotset SPI8LF. see www.bigstuff 07,net News and prcss rcleases nay be sent to in France. Call lor papers. The the Editor or the apptupiate AIA Regional organisers hope to propose a list of coretpondents. The Editot nay be the world's 100 most important at Liverpool, the 20th international teldroned on 01747 85,4707 or e-nail: textile sites. Contact: Alain Renard, a i a n ev'/s lefte t@ya lD o. co. u k. conference, focused on the value of

final cory dates ate as follows:

I January for tebruary mailing 1 Aprilfor May mailing 1 July for August mailing I october for November mailing 7 lE AIA was ettablished in I 913 to prohote the study ol lnduttdal Archaeology and 1 encounge inpmved statdads of rccoding, psearch, conseNation atd publication. h I ainR to assist afu suwoft tqional and spetialist survey gmups and Mies inwlved t ---e in tle preseNation of industnal nonunenS, to reprctent the intercttt ol lndustial Archaeology at nalional level, to hold .on[erurees and seninaR at to pthlith lhe rcsultt ol rcsearch- fhe AIA publislles an annual Review and quaftetly NeM bulletin. tilT;! Fulhet &tails nay be obtained ton the 7ro Liaison ,fficer, AIA Ollice khool of Archaeological Studiet Unive6ily of LekesEL LeicesEr LEt zRH. -! Tel:0116 252 5337 fax:0116 252 5005.

The views expressed in this bullelin ar€ John EanaL secand bh, winnet ol the silver howel Award at the 2006 8AA cerenany lot hts tyotk n the Peak District (see nrde, not ne(essarily those of the As5o(iation page 3) Phota David weqht Design attwork for lndustrial Archaeology.

20 @ Association for lndustrial Archaeology, February 2007 Registered in England under the Companies Ad 1948 (No. 1326854) and the Charities Ad 1960 (No. 277511) Registered office: do IGMT, Coach Road, Coalbrookdale, Ielford, Shropshire Tt8 7De Produced by TBC Print Servi(es Limited, Elandford Forum. Dorret DTtt 8ST