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With this disc the World's Greatest Jazz Band begins to live up to the pretensions WRITE FOR QUOTATION of its title. Its two previous releases (on Project 3) were made up of clean, pol- ished, highly professional performances, FACTORY SEALED CARTONS but they smelled of the studio -stiff and prim. scarcely what one would expect of FRANCHISED DISTRIBUTOR such an experienced line -up of musicians. For this collection. the studio was ahan- doned and the band was recorded in the QUICK SHIPMENT familiar surroundings of the Roosevelt Grill in New York where it spent most of the winter of 1969 -70. In programming, none of the hand's spotlight solo specialties (soloist with WE GIVE rhythm section) has been used. The solos show up where they properly he- long in a jazz band, emerging from a full ensemble performance (for example, Yank Lawson's brilliant old Bob Cros- DISCOUNTS by tune Five Point Blues). And (another happy omission) there arc none of the halfhearted attempts to do something ON HI -FI with current pop hits that had weakened the earlier discs. There is new material, all contributed by members of the hand COMPONENTS -Bud Freeman's delightfully jaunty riff, That D Minor Thing, a dreamy. soft - lights melody by drummer Gus Johnson, and a piece by Vic Dickenson that quite logically is ideal fodder for his roguish trombone. Otherwise there are tunes from SOUND REPRODUCTION INC. the rich repertory of unhackneyed stand- ards -Black and Blue: Conte Back, Sweet 460 CENTRAL EVENUE Pupa: My Honeys Lorin' Arms. Even the apparently obligatory chestnuts such East Orange, New Jersey 07018 as That's a Plenty and Royal Garden Blues come out with verve and enthu- (201) 673 -0600 siasm. CIRCLE 61 ON READER -SERVICE CARD The band, man for man, is up on its toes -superb performances by Lawson, Freeman, Dickenson, Billy Butterfield, Ralph Sutton. and Bob Wilber (who in- stead of shining in almost solitary glory Why? LOW PRICE as he has sometimes done in the past, takes his proper place alongside a solid DO THOUSANDS OF STEREO line of great performances). A key factor PLUS SERVWE in this recording is the superb sound bal- ENTHUSIASTS BUY FROM ance that Atlantic has produced -better E1JALS VALUE sound than 1 have ever heard in any con- AUDIO UNLIMITED cert hall or club where this hand has Tone may stereo system or compo- played. J.S.W. nent a the lowest possible price, add It's Obvious! it to our special fast delivery service and you've got true value. ERNIE AND EMILIO CACERES. Ernie LOWEST PRICES Caceres, clarinet and baritone saxo- phone; Emilio Caceres, violin; Cliff Gil- FAST SERVICE lette, piano; Curly Williams, guitar; George Pryor, bass; Joe Cortez, Jr., FACTORY SEALED UNITS drums. (Jigin G; Sweet Lorraine; Estrel- FULLY INSURED SHIPMENTS lita; seven more.) Audiophile 101, $5.95 (Audiophile Records, P.O. Box 66, San PACKAGE DEALS -SAVE MORE Antonio, Tex. 78206). FRANCHISED DISTRIBUTORS You Get Fisher 250TX In the late '30s and '40s. Ernie Caceres 2AR-2AX Speakers Write for FREE Listing today was one of the standout sidemen in the Garrard 51.958 Base big swing bands, playing his baritone & Dust Cover saxophone and doubling on r I Shure M91 E clarinet for SEND US YOUR LIST three years with Glenn Miller. and later TLtal Price with Benny Goodman, Tommy Dorsey, FOR OUR AIR MAIL Fcr Above System and Woody Herman. In 1957 he was a QUOTE TODAY spark plug in a marvelous hand that Write For Your Special Price Quote Today On This System Or Any System Or Component Bobby Hackett led for a few brief months Visit Our Store Warehouse at the Henry Hudson Hotel in New York. Closed Mondays In 1962 he went home to San Antonio Designers Audio to join his older brother. Emilio. a vio- ©AUDIO unlimited, inc. 129 DEGRAW STREET linist who had come to New York with BROOKLYN 11231, N.Y. F Third Ave. Nr. 28 N.Y.. N.Y. 10016 Ernie in the mid- Thirties but had re- 396 (212) UL 8 -7666 turned to San Antonio after some radio Opa Sat. for your personal shopping 10 a.m. till 3 p.m. CIRCLE 8 ON READER- SERVICE CARD _IRCLE 18 ON READER -SERVICE CARD .
Recommended publications

  • BOBBY HACKETT “MELLOW MAN with a HORN” by Music Librarian CHRISTOPHER POPA with Comments by Bobby’S Son ERNIE HACKETT

    MAY 2017 A FRESH BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH BOBBY HACKETT “MELLOW MAN WITH A HORN” by Music Librarian CHRISTOPHER POPA with comments by Bobby’s son ERNIE HACKETT VITAL STATS given name Robert Leo Hackett birth January 31, 1915, Providence, Rhode Island father William F. Hackett, a railroad blacksmith mother Rose A. (nee Mulvaney) Hackett siblings six sisters and two brothers education Commercial High School [ now Central High School ], Providence, Rhode Island (he left school at age 14) spouse Edna Lillian (nee Lee) Hackett, b.April 7, 1915; m.July 26, 1937; d.April 15, 2000 son Ernest “Ernie” Hackett, b.April 6, 1949 daughter Barbara Traynor grandchildren two physical description “a short, trim man who sometimes wore a thin mustache” death June 7, 1976, Chatham, Massachusetts, heart attack grave Seaside Cemetery, Chatham, Massachusetts Bobby Hackett’s own big band didn’t last very long; he made a much greater musical impression as a sideman in such orchestras as Horace Heidt, Glenn Miller, and Glen Gray (not to mention his trumpet solos on various Jackie Gleason record albums afterwards). Hackett had been playing music since he was about eight years old. “His first instrument was the violin. Then on to banjo & guitar!,” his son, Ernie, reminded me. “Later he switched over to trumpet & landed on cornet!” Hackett played with various groups at restaurants, hotels, ballrooms across the northeast, and in 1935 received his Musicians Union card from Local 9-535 in Boston. He formed his own group, a small band, not long afterwards, and in 1938 began recording under his own name for the Vocalion label, employing, on various dates, such sidemen as George Brunies (trombone), Brad Gowans (valve trombone), Pee Wee Russell (clarinet), Ernie Caceres (baritone sax), Eddie Condon (guitar), Johnny Blowers (drums), and Linda Keene (vocal).
  • The Recordings

    The Recordings

    Appendix: The Recordings These are the URLs of the original locations where I found the recordings used in this book. Those without a URL came from a cassette tape, LP or CD in my personal collection, or from now-defunct YouTube or Grooveshark web pages. I had many of the other recordings in my collection already, but searched for online sources to allow the reader to hear what I heard when writing the book. Naturally, these posted “videos” will disappear over time, although most of them then re- appear six months or a year later with a new URL. If you can’t find an alternate location, send me an e-mail and let me know. In the meantime, I have provided low-level mp3 files of the tracks that are not available or that I have modified in pitch or speed in private listening vaults where they can be heard. This way, the entire book can be verified by listening to the same re- cordings and works that I heard. For locations of these private sound vaults, please e-mail me and I will send you the links. They are not to be shared or downloaded, and the selections therein are only identified by their numbers from the complete list given below. Chapter I: 0001. Maple Leaf Rag (Joplin)/Scott Joplin, piano roll (1916) listen at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9E5iehuiYdQ 0002. Charleston Rag (a.k.a. Echoes of Africa)(Blake)/Eubie Blake, piano (1969) listen at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7oQfRGUOnU 0003. Stars and Stripes Forever (John Philip Sousa, arr.
  • The Wisconsin-Texas Jazz Nexus Jazz Wisconsin-Texas the the Wisconsin-Texas Jazz Nexus Nexus Jazz Wisconsin-Texas the Dave Oliphant

    The Wisconsin-Texas Jazz Nexus Jazz Wisconsin-Texas the the Wisconsin-Texas Jazz Nexus Nexus Jazz Wisconsin-Texas the Dave Oliphant

    Oliphant: The Wisconsin Texas Jazz Nexus The Wisconsin-Texas Jazz Nexus Jazz Wisconsin-Texas The The Wisconsin-Texas Jazz Nexus Nexus Jazz Wisconsin-Texas The Dave Oliphant The institution of slavery had, of course, divided the nation, and Chicago. Texas blacks had earlier followed the cattle trails and on opposite sides in the Civil War were the states of Wis- north, but, in the 1920s, they also felt the magnetic pull of consin and Texas, both of which sent troops into the bloody, entertainment worlds in Kansas City and Chicago that catered decisive battle of Gettysburg. Little could the brave men of the to musicians who could perform the new music called jazz that Wisconsin 6th who defended or the determined Rebels of the had begun to crop up from New Jersey to Los Angeles, beholden Texas Regiments who assaulted Cemetery Ridge have suspected to but superseding the guitar-accompanied country blues and that, one day, musicians of their two states would join to pro- the repetitive piano rags. The first jazz recordings had begun to duce the harmonies of jazz that have depended so often on the appear in 1917, and, by 1923, classic jazz ensembles had begun blues form that was native to the Lone Star State yet was loved performing in Kansas City, Chicago, and New York, led by such and played by men from such Wisconsin towns and cities as seminal figures as Bennie Moten, King Oliver, Fletcher Jack Teagarden, courtesy of CLASSICS RECORDS. Teagarden, Jack Fox Lake, Madison, Milwaukee, Waukesha, Brillion, Monroe, Henderson, and Duke Ellington.
  • Highlights in This Issue

    Highlights in This Issue

    HIGHLIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE: Jim Cullum talks about Bobby Hackett Woody Herman part of 1945 in review Obscure Kitty Kallen lyrics revealed FIRST-CLASS MAIL U.S. POSTAGE PAID Atlanta, GA Permit No. 2022 BIG BAND JUMP NEWSLETTER VOLUME 104______________________ BIG BAND JUMP NEWSLETTER MAY-JUNE, 2006 JIM CULLUM TALKS professional musician. ABOUT BOBBY HACKETT His early career involved playing guitar and violin in hotel ballroom bands in Providence, Boston and Syra­ The Background cuse, but by 1933 he was play­ ing cornet with a trio at Jim Cullum, of RIVER- WALK Boston’s Crescent Club. By JAZZ public television fame 1936 he was specializing on was a friend of Bobby comet, and by the next year Hackett’s and as such was had moved to New York City. able to give us some valuable He was almost immediately insights into Hackett’s per­ in demand in the new York sonality and background. We Studios, but his bread-and- intersperse his comments with butter jobs were with society additional biographical in­ bands such as Lester Lanin formation about Hackett's and Meyer Davis. He worked varied career and remarkable briefly with Horace Heidt and achievements. led his own group at Nick’s and the Famous Door on 52nd The Story street. BBJ: Cornetist Bobby Even though Bobby Hackett Hackett was one of appeared often in studio ses­ those performers loved by sions arranged by jazz critic everyone, not only for his cor­ Leonard Feather and fre­ net virtuosity but for his gentle quently with Eddie Condon, demeanor. Over the years he played nearly every kind what was to become his most visible performance in of music including small group dixieland, Big Band those years was a salute to Bix Beiderbecke at Benny swing and romantic easy-listening music.
  • Glenn Miller 1941 “Keep ‘Em Flying” America’S Number One Band

    Glenn Miller 1941 “Keep ‘Em Flying” America’S Number One Band

    GLENN MILLER 1941 “KEEP ‘EM FLYING” AMERICA’S NUMBER ONE BAND Dedicated to the Glenn Miller Birthplace Society June 2021 Prepared by: Dennis M. Spragg Glenn Miller Archives Glenn Miller and his Orchestra, Cafe Rouge, January 1941 A Pivotal Year 1941 was a pivotal year in the history of the United States and for America’s number one bandleader, Glenn Miller. As of January 1, all ASCAP-licensed music (most popular music) was off the air. Glenn broadcast with a replacement BMI-licensed theme, “Slumber Song.” On January 17, the band recorded the classic “Song of the Volga Boatmen,” Bill Finegan’s traditional music response to Jerry Gray’s treatment of “Anvil Chorus.” If not for the broadcasting industry vs. ASCAP dispute, these two all-time Miller hits might never have been written or performed. Further changes arrived to shake up the successful Miller musical organization. A gossip columnist ran a story about Marion Hutton’s pregnancy, which pushed her to stop performing sooner than anticipated. By January 1941, Marion was only appearing on Glenn’s “Chesterfield Moonlight Serenade” broadcasts and not at the Café Rouge. Miller had to replace her. A young “dimpled darling” named Dorothy Claire from LaPorte, Indiana was singing for bandleader Bobby Byrne. Dorothy was under contract for three years with Byrne. So when Bobby learned that Glenn Miller intended to hire Ms. Claire, he promptly sued Miller for $25,000. However, Claire joined the Miller band on January 8. Glenn offered her a salary of $250 per week, a significant raise from the $75 per week she earned with Byrne.
  • DENNIS M. SPRAGG December 2017 Dedicated to the Glenn Miller

    DENNIS M. SPRAGG December 2017 Dedicated to the Glenn Miller

    PREPARED BY: DENNIS M. SPRAGG December 2017 Dedicated To The Glenn Miller Birthplace Society Clarinda, Iowa An Historic Collaboration Jerry Gray (Generoso Graziano) Discovering the Pearls Arranger Jerry Gray (Generoso Graziano) was born in Boston, Massachusetts July 3, 1915. He was a virtuoso violinist, arranger and ultimately a bandleader. By 1939, Gray was the chief arranger and musical collaborator for Artie Shaw, the clarinet superstar who lead the top dance band in the United States. During that very important year in musical history, Glenn Miller’s band was coming on fast as a competitor to Shaw and other leading bands led by. among others, Tommy Dorsey and Benny Goodman. During the summer and early fall of 1939, Artie Shaw became disenchanted with the music business and was the subject of a public controversy regarding his pointedly negative opinion of “jitterbugs”. Some of Shaw’s musicians and arranger Gray became concerned that their employer might soon disband to take a break and possibly reorganize in 1940. The talented drummer Buddy Rich accepted a job offer from Tommy Dorsey and effervescent saxophonist and vocalist Tony Pastor was rumored to be exploring the idea of forming his own band. Meanwhile, Glenn Miller was employing brilliant arranger Bill Finegan and free lancers including Jimmie Lunceford’s protégé Eddie Durham. Miller needed full-time arranging skill and this led the bandleader to seek out the possibly available and eminently qualified Jerry Gray, who was arguably the best arranger available. As it turned out, Artie Shaw walked off the bandstand at the Hotel Pennsylvania’s Café Rouge in November 1939.
  • Chronological Discography

    Chronological Discography

    Chronological Discography arranger g guitar as alto saxophone 0 pipe organ bb brass bass (sousaphone/tuba) p piano bj banjo ss soprano saxophone bs baritone saxophone t trumpet c comet tb trombone cl clarinet ts tenor saxophone d drums v vocals db double bass vib vibraphone dir director vn violin f flute This chronological list contains most known releases on which Danny Barker plays and sings. Titles are given as they appear on the record labels. Where possible, the first issue number is given, but the complexity of subsequent reissues is such that these are not shown. In preparing the list much use has been made of the works cited in the acknowledgment section as well as Stagg and Crump: New Orleans: the Revival (Dublin, 1973). 1931 Ward Pinkett (t, v); Albert Nicholas (cO; Jack Russin (p); Danny ]une9 NewYork Barker(g);Joe Watts (db); Sam Weiss (d) Dave's Harlem Highlights 95337-1 Everything is okey-dokey (WP:v) Bluebird B-6144 Dave Nelson (1, v); Clarence Brereton (t); Melvin Herbert/Harry 95338-1 I'm on a see-saw (WP:v) Bluebird B-6130 Brown (t); Wilbur de Paris (tb); Buster Bailey (cl, as); Glyn Paque (cl, 95339-1 Red sails in the sunset (WP:v) Bluebird B-6131 as); Charles Frazier (ts); Wtryman Caroer (ts, f); Sam Allen (p); 95340-1 Tender is the night (WP:v) Bluebird B-6131 •Danny Barker (bj); Simon Marrero (bb); Gerald Hobson (iii 95341-1 I'mpaintingthetownred 69905-1 Somebody stole my gal Timely Tunes C-1587 (to hide a heart that's blue) Bluebird B-6130 69906-1 Rockin' Chair Timely Tunes C-1576 95342-1 Tap Room Special (Panama) Bluebird B-6193 69907-2 Loveless Love Timely Tunes C-1577 69908-2 St.
  • Harold MABERN: Teo MACERO

    Harold MABERN: Teo MACERO

    This discography is automatically generated by The JazzOmat Database System written by Thomas Wagner For private use only! ------------------------------------------ Harold MABERN: "Workin' And Wailin'" Virgil Jones -tp,flh; George Coleman -ts; Harold Mabern -p; Buster Williams -b; Leo Morris -d; recorded June 30, 1969 in New York Leo Morris aka Idris Muhammad 101615 A TIME FOR LOVE 4.54 Prest PR7687 101616 WALTZING WESTWARD 9.26 --- 101617 I CAN'T UNDERSTAND WHAT I SEE IN YOU 8.33 --- 101618 STROZIER'S MODE 7.58 --- 101619 BLUES FOR PHINEAS 5.11 --- "Greasy Kid Stuff" Lee Morgan -tp; Hubert Laws -fl,ts; Harold Mabern -p; Boogaloo Joe Jones -g; Buster Williams -b; Idriss Muhammad -d; recorded January 26, 1970 in New York 101620 I WANT YOU BACK 5.30 Prest PR7764 101621 GREASY KID STUFF 8.23 --- 101622 ALEX THE GREAT 7.20 --- 101623 XKE 6.52 --- 101624 JOHN NEELY - BEAUTIFUL PEOPLE 8.33 --- 101625 I HAVEN'T GOT ANYTHING BETTER TO DO 6.04 --- "Remy Martin's New Years Special" James Moody Trio: Harold Mabern -p; Todd Coleman -b; Edward Gladden -d; recorded December 31, 1984 in Sweet Basil, New York it's the rhythm section of James Moody Quartet 99565 YOU DON'T KNOW WHAT LOVE IS 13.59 Aircheck 99566 THERE'S NO GREEATER LOVE 10.14 --- 99567 ALL BLUES 11.54 --- 99568 STRIKE UP THE BAND 13.05 --- "Lookin' On The Bright Side" Harold Mabern -p; Christian McBride -b; Jack DeJohnette -d; recorded February and March 1993 in New York 87461 LOOK ON THE BRIGHT SIDE 5.37 DIW 614 87462 MOMENT'S NOTICE 5.25 --- 87463 BIG TIME COOPER 8.04 --- 87464 AU PRIVAVE
  • June 2021 ITG Journal

    June 2021 ITG Journal

    International Trumpet Guild® Journal to promote communications among trumpet players around the world and to improve the artistic level of performance, teaching, and literature associated with the trumpet June 2021 ITG Journal The International Trumpet Guild® (ITG) is the copyright owner of all data contained in this file. ITG gives the individual end-user the right to: • Download and retain an electronic copy of this file on electronic devices for the sole use of the end-user • Print a single copy of this file • Quote fair-use passages of this file in not-for-profit research papers as long as the ITG Journal, date, and page number are cited as the source. The International Trumpet Guild®, under the umbrella of United States and international copyright laws, prohibits the following without prior writ ten permission from the Publications Editor of the ITG: • Duplication or distribution of this file or its contents in any manner that does not conform with the uses as stated above • Alteration of this file or the data contained herein • Placement of this file on any web site, server, or any other database or device that allows for the accessing or copying of this file or the data contained herein by any party, including such a device intended to be used wholly within an institution. By scrolling past this page you agree to the fair use guidelines stated above. http://www.trumpetguild.org This cover sheet must accompany this file. The removal of this information is strictly prohibited and can result in expulsion from the organization and legal action.
  • The Jerry Gray Story

    The Jerry Gray Story

    THE JERRY GRAY STORY THE JERRY GRAY STORY “The Jerry Gray Story” has been compiled to provide researchers and music fans an overview of the musical life of Jerry Gray (1915-1976) following his discharge from the US Army Air Force in late 1945. This chronology documents all known daily activities, media articles, commercial recording sessions, transcription library recording sessions, radio broadcasts, film productions, television appearances, theater appearances, and personal appearances of Jerry Gray post-WWII. This encompasses three primary locations and time frames: The New York City Years 1945-1947; The Hollywood Years 1947-1969; and The Dallas Years 1969-1977. These are presented as: Part 01 - 1945-1946 Part 02 – 1947 Part 03 – 1948 Part 04 – 1949 Part 05 – 1950 Part 06 – 1951-1952 Part 07 – 1953-1954 Part 08 – 1955-1960 Part 09 – 1961-1968 Part 10 – 1969-1977 Additionally, we will eventually include as: Part 11 – Song Index Part 12 – Location Index Part 13 – Artist Index Part 14 – Recording Session Index Part 15 - Discography This is a work-in-progress. There are still many items, articles, stories, photographs, and label scans to be reviewed and confirmed. They will be included in future versions. As of today, our full work product is about 2,342 pages and 526,447 words. Events are posted chronologically. However, like topics are grouped together when possible [such as record reviews and media reports of a specific event]. Recording sessions will show only the matrix number and the primary released recordings for each song. Part 1 - Page 2 of 200 Part 15 - Discography to follow will document all known commercial and transcription recording sessions and radio/film/television/personal performances and their known releases in detail.
  • Caceres Press Release

    Caceres Press Release

    David Caceres David Caceres “Caceres has ‘it,’ that something extra that separates him from his peers.” -Paul J. MacArthur, The Houston Press A twenty-first century musician would be one who is proficient in all of the inventions and dimensions of jazz, and can speak the languages of R&B, country, folk and pop – both instrumentally and vocally. On his self-titled, Sunnyside debut, the Houston-based alto saxophonist/vocalist/composer/educator David Caceres shows why he’s a musician who fits that bill. A scion of a legendary family of Texas musicians, Caceres’s sax is a pleasing blend of David Sanborn’s bite with Paul Desmond’s romanticism, mixed with a mellow-toned vocal style that amalgamates the best of Stevie Wonder and Donny Hathaway. Those gifts made him a standout in Houston, and they are in full effect on this CD, produced by Matt Pierson (Pat Metheny, Brad Mehldau) and arranged by keyboardist Gil Goldstein (Bobby McFerrin, Chris Botti, Esperanza Spalding), featuring bassist Larry Grenadier, drummer Bill Stewart, organist Shedrick Mitchell, percussionist Bashiri Johnson, guitarist Larry Campbell and pianist Aaron Parks. With that sterling support, the CD’s eleven tracks showcase Caceres’s multi-faceted musicianship in a variety of moods and grooves. "It feels just as good to sing one note as it does to play one note,” Caceres says. “However, they have very different roles and somewhat different languages when used in the same song. The voice sets the tone of the tune, drawing the listener in with a direct, rather vulnerable statement.
  • Blue Notes and Brown Skin: Five African-American Jazzmen and the Music They Produced in Regard to the American Civil Rights Movement

    Blue Notes and Brown Skin: Five African-American Jazzmen and the Music They Produced in Regard to the American Civil Rights Movement

    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2005 Blue Notes and Brown Skin: Five African-American Jazzmen and the Music They Produced in Regard to the American Civil Rights Movement Benjamin Park anderson College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the African American Studies Commons, American Studies Commons, History Commons, and the Music Commons Recommended Citation anderson, Benjamin Park, "Blue Notes and Brown Skin: Five African-American Jazzmen and the Music They Produced in Regard to the American Civil Rights Movement" (2005). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539626478. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-9ab3-4z88 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BLUE NOTES AND BROWN SKIN Five African-American Jazzmen and the Music they Produced in Regard to the American Civil Rights Movement. A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the American Studies Program The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts By Benjamin Park Anderson 2005 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts imin Park Anderson Approved by the Committee, May 2005 Dr. Arthur Knight, Chair Ids McGovern . Lewis Porter, Rutgers University, outside reader ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements iv List of Illustrations V List of Musical Examples vi Abstract vii Introduction 2 Chapter I.