PATENT eFiling Page 1 of 1
Welcome RAHUL SALHOTRA Sign out
Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks G.A.R.6 [See Rule 22(1)] RECEIPT Docket No 37166 Date/Time 2018/05/17 17:25:21
RAHUL SALHOTRA LEX ORBIS CONSULTING PVT. LTD. 709/710, Tolstoy House, 15-17 Tolstoy Marg, New Delhi 110001 Email: [email protected]
Sr. Ref. No./Application Amount C.B.R. Fee App. Number Remarks No. No. Paid No. Payment TEMP/E-1/19586/2018- Gingerol Composition And A Process For 1 201841018530 8000 13783 Full CHE Preparation Thereof
TransactionID Payment Mode Challan Identification Number Amount Paid Head of A/C No N-0000376487 Online Bank Transfer 02806341705201850690 8000.00 1475001020000001
Total Amount : 8000 Amount in Words: Rupees Eight Thousand Only Received from RAHUL SALHOTRA the sum of 8000 on account of Payment of fee for above mentioned Application/Forms. * This is a computer generated receipt, hecnce no signature required.
Home About Us Contact Us
https://ipindiaonline.gov.in/epatentfiling/DuplicateCBRPrint/DuplicateCBRPrint 18-05-2018 BgCJD
q.V €ot TA(3) 3710s/17. of Agriculture Development and .. V'rv ^o$lirectorate rc ' \u^, gcs"'' Farmers Welfare Department g\rcc\ot"' H',L:1i.T|;t[i- From Director of Agriculture.
Director of R"search Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur
Sub: Agriculture Department - State Level Committee for release of Crop varieties - Minutes of the meeting held on t2.12.20I7 - forwarding of - reg.
Ref : - Govt. Lr.No. AGRI-AF U 15L12017 - AGRI. Dated 08. 02. 20 18.
I am enclosing herewith the approved minutes of the meeting of the State Seed Sub Committee held on t2.I2.2017 Saturday at SAMETI, Anayara, Thiruvanan*rapuram for favour of information and necessary action. Principal Scientists may be instructed to prepare and submit sufficient number of copies of the proposal in the prescribed format with the forms for notification to this office for onward submission to Central Sub Cornmittee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of varieties of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops for notification. (Details are available at the website www.seednet. gov.in). v r\? of Agrlculture Directorate of Agrlculture and xE**,."' Principal Scientists Concerned. Farmef s Welfare Depanment ' Vikds Bhawn, Thiruvananthapunn-33 DR
\_=' vl
Ftle N o.AGR|-AF 1/151/201Z-AGRI JU tJ366'r00/2018
GOVERNMENT OF KERALA
No. AGRI-AFI / t gr / zorT -AGRI
^'?flllH:fff:;1,?.";: , Dated :08/02l2018
From The Principa I Secreta ry to Government To The Drector, Department of Agricultural Development and Farmers' Welfare, Thiruv ananthapuram.
Sir, Sub: Agriculture Department - Convening State Sub-Committee on ' Seeds for release ofcrop varieties- Reg Ref: r) Government letter of even number dated rB/o8/zor7 and o9/oL/2or9 z) Your letter number TA(S)SZroS/rz dated zS/ o8/zor7 and 06/oL/2or9
I am to invite vour attention to the references cited and to request vou to take necessafo action to forward the Seed varieties approved by ihe State Sub Comniittee in the meeting held on 02/02/2617 to the Central Sub Committee on Crop Standards for issuing Notification.
You rs Fa ithfullY, ceccae oe cgoml dbdBd odu@,sd For Principal Secretary to Government. ved for Issue, 1l
,I5 t- rle No.AGRl-Al-',|/'l 5'l/zu'l-r"AGRl (OS / 2 1 237 89 I 20 1 I I l\G R | )
MEETING HELD ON
The 27th state seed sub committee meeting was held on 12-12- 20L7 ai SAMETI, Thiruvananthapuram under the Chairmanshlp of Sri. Teeka Ram Meena, IAS Agricultural Production Commissioner andPrincipa|Secretary(Agricu|ture).The|istofparticipantsis appended. Sri A M Sunil Kumar, Director of Agriculture and Convener of the committee welcomed the Agricultural Production Commissioner; members of the seed committee' breeder scientists from Kerala Agricultural University and Central Tuber crops Research Institute, Director of Research KAU' Seed Analyst' farmer represerrtatives and Seed industry representatives to the meeting. Since the pioposats were received late, the same couid not be circulated amqng the members for critical review and remarks. Hence all the scientists were requested to participate the actively in the .discussions. Director of Agriculture requested in breeders to sUbmit the proposals for variety release well followed advance in future. Variety release in the State should be gene by the notificatiori ' by Central seed committee and preservation for which Department of Agriculture Development the and Farmers wglfare would extend necessary support to presenting breeder scientists. No publicity should be made before ih" proporul in the State Seed Sub Committee and the protocol for variety release should be strictly followed by the Researclr lnstitutions. and ln. his address, the Agricultural-Production commissioner that in Chairman of the State Seed. Sub Committee expressed be an"- proposals for release of new varieties should rri"i"' for submitted one month in advance to Director of Agriculture be circulation among the members' Critical remarks should f
I i(i"d?t rle No'Aur offered by all mr in. writing reporr shoutd b"':::-t-t. witl meet ns iiil;::H,j*i: .i;,.*#:*::i :+T::j:i.ff: rrom a KAU and the o:l1it;.n;;'uro meetins of the oftcials nexr stare ,""j scien,sts,-o;;::Jilj"Jil j[H#i:{:ii:ff ,[::il1,T: release :rop varieties during 2017. proposed for t. CROp: Rice 1) MO 23(KAU pournami): Dr (Mrs.) S. Lr :::t"s il;; ;; :i:#' [",:;:ilil:$ j:i*i,ffi:ration,,"oi,,"i,iru.,ng[F*',"',ff"# #$1 i[i:!illl'ixJ',"',"?: moderatelv slteath blight and snea6roi j,!;;.:.: resistant to rnoderately resistant to BpH .variety is atso' and photo and galt ,j'n^In',t-lt is a insensiriveye ;.;rice ;:;#,'.11:lis:variety non todsins Kerara. adapted to rrn"""Jlil; ., The committe", ,ry":.!"taited approved P o u rn a m i Rice ) va ri e tv ;;-,';;; r' i Y; : r:*' " n K u tt a n a d 2) KAU Manu Ratna: Dr.(Mrs.)C R Ets the Hs-16. il;,;";i*T_{^p:::..1"d detairs of the rice curture d u ra t on,;; ; ;;;# ;: J:":1;:.,:l;,m;*,::i third crop season' rt is i:torerani-L"ri"r'oorer, l! ij, *t whorl reaf forder maggot but susceptibje to elt'sheath and duration gb_gg blight and qail is o"rr.'o*_se yield ilio,1i;-..t Grain is 4.! _ The committee, ,ft:: rrn:iled discussion,.approved variety t(AU Ivanu Ratna Rice r", i"tii-"-Ji, Kole region. f. e No.AGt{t_AF..ti1 5,uzu,t /._AGKI 'll : 21 237 89t20 1 8/AGRt(os ) 3)KAU-WL.1O: Dr.(Mrs) Veena Vigneswaran presented the details of the cutture KAU-wL-sl-stier 2sog3): Li,'i, i"ii"" i",;r";,l' photosensitive, mutant rice variety suitabre for pokkari region. """_The variety is simirar to the rand race chbttivirippu in taste. seed rto seed duration of this variety is L10_11-5 days. nverag; V*fO 4200 kg/ha. i, The- committee, after detailed discussion, E pproved Rice variety KAU WL-X.O for release in pokkati regiin. 4) KAU Supriya (PTB-6U Dr(Mrs) Faseera Jaffer presented the details of rice culture o6-6' This white rice variety is adapted to the centrar zone during Rabi season. The variety is tail, photo insensitive and rare maturing (140 days). tt is moderately resistant to stem borer, Leaf folder, Whorl maggot and elast. Seed to seed duration is 135_140 days. Average grain yietd is 6.5 _7.0t/ha and straw yi"fO iiVir. The committee, after detalled discussiont irpprov€d Rice ytrietV KAU Supriya for release in Centrai zone the State, of S)KAU Akshaya : Dr(Mrs) Faseera Jaffer presented the detairs of rice curture 06-14 PTB-62. This variety is adapted to Central zone during Rabi season. lt is tall, photo insensitive, late rnaturing .variety tf+O Oayst moderatbly resistant to Stem borer, Leaf folder, Whorl maggot and Brast disease. Kerner corour is white. rt is torerant to high temperature and moisture stress. seed to seed duration is 130-140 days. Average grain yield is 6.5 _7.0t/ha anO stra* yietC 10 Vha. .'l- No.AGf(t-AF.l '-,,r rrro : 21237g9l2o1glA\:xrrusno,,..,-,Ftt€ / 151/ZUi /-AUKt r The.committee, after detailed discussiont variety KAI, Aksheya r", apryroved Rice stafe. ,"l.JiJ'in Centrat .or",.of the 5)KAU (WL-11 Jyotsna ) : Dr(Mrs) shyla raj . K s presented rhe details of this variety' The variety is Vyttita rice aoapteJ 1"."*1., sarine regions, paraRkad and Karilands regions..Tnis ua.iet'-is-seioi-uu.i"ty.Jyothi. tall, non lodging, ouration resembling the popular'ri.u short Moderatery resistant to BpH ano Byali blt ,rr.up]tiile to BLB and Srem r""d duration is 100_1oi borer. -?T.irf: J"rr. o*rune srain yietd is 6.0 The committee, after detaited discussion,-in- approved Rice, KAr,t lyotsna for retease ";r:::: coastar area of the : ll" CROp: Cutinary Meton 1)KAU-Vishat : CM_l2 Dr(Mrs) sreelathakumari presented the detairs culinary meton(Sambar of this vellari_ ;;r;;;, meto var.acidututus) cutture CM-12. This is a high yieldi;;li;; with an average yietd of 32.95 t/ha. Medium to laige .yinJri.rr harvested shaped fruits are at immature stage when ii attains maximum size. This varietv is a serection from tocat cotreition"iror'i";l;il;d;r;n,;,., of rhiruvananthapuram district aoapieJ to south Kerara. The committee, after dehiled discussion,. approved culinary meron va.riety xau wsiat foi rerease. in Th i ru va n a n tha p u ra m d istri ct. -1 .1 F rle N o.AUt{t-AF 1/'151/ZU1 /-AGKt 1V . 2 1 237 89t2O I B/AGRt(OS) lll. CROP: Cucumber (Hybrid) L) KAU-parthenocarpic cucumber hybrid-1(KPCH-t ) : Dr. T. Pradeep Kumar presented the details of this cucumber hybrid. This variety is parthenocarpic and suitable for polyhouse cultivation. lt is early maturing with long dark green fruits. Moderate resistance to downy mildew has been reported. Average yield is 1148.17 k9/100 mz. The committee, after detailed discussion, condemned the action of the Breeder in multiplying and selling the seeds of pre released varieties and warned the Director of Research KAU to refrain breeders from such activities in future with instructions not to release, multiply and sell seeds or any ptanting materials to the farmers prior to the consideration by the State Seed Suh Committee, The committee approved cucumber hybrid variety KPCH-I for release in the State. lV. CROP: Vegetable Cowpea I)KAU- Manjari: or. (Mrs) Anu G Krishnan presented the details of the culture I1l4-7-3-4 vegetable cowpea. This variety is ideal for intercropping, tolerant to mosaic, good culinary characteristics. Pods are light green with red seeds. Days to first harvest 48-50 days" Yield of vegetable pods/plant is 0.495 kg. The committee, after detailed discussion, approved vegetable cowpea variety KAU manjari for release in special zone of problem areas in the the State. t-tte No.A('Rt_AF.l , u' .. j)r No :2123789/201}/AGRt(os) /15.t /ZU'l /_AGKI 2)lGU Mithra : Dr.(Mrs.)Jessy. M.Kuriakose presented the detairs of YLB 5' This variety is suitabre'r--ruu"rin" curture aruvium of centrar Travanco,re during SeptemOei_ Oei"f"r, 130 trailing growth habit, 90_ days duration,- attractirie fong fig;t green pods, deep brown seeds with white speck at one uni, iuuruge pod length 7g.6r,cm. Average yierd 20.72 t/ha. Suitabr"'io-,. .o.rerciar organic cultivation. as werr as Thi committee, after detailed discussion, approved yard Long Bean variety KAU Mithra ii ,.rc"re in the Centrat Travancore region of Kerala. V. CROp: Tapioca X) KAU Uthama : Dr.G Jayakt.rmar presented the details of this variety. lt is a serection from the Vettikavara rocar cotection. rt is a short duration variety with erect-and branching stem, cyrindricar tubers with average yietd of 55.6 t/ha. i"ii"of" region. for upper Kurtanad The committee, after detaited discussion, approved Tapioca variety l(Att_Uthama for reteas" ii ti|-ipi", Kuttanad region in Kerala, 2) Sree Reksha: Dr.(Mrs)Sheela.M.N- from CTCRI presented cultureTCMS-2(CR?4-4). the details of This is a clonat setection from exotic line introduced from CIAT, Cali, CotumOia..fVorphological are features non branching with brown stem, dark purple petiole, lanceolate leaf lobe with 7 lobe.s, syl;n6rical tubers, tuber skin cream brown with rind and white flesh, This variety has resistance Mosaic to cassava disease and tolerance to iost harvest physiologtal deterioration. Average yield is 45000 kSfhu. r e No.AGi(|_AFr/1 : 2123789/201y/AGRI(os) 5.uzu.t t -ALr'' The committee, after dehiled Tapioca variety discussion, approved Sree Reksh. ror rrtJ)se in theSfafe, Vl. CROp: Cardamom Dr. M. Murugan presented the details va rieties. of three cardamd.m 1)KAU.PV-3: Culture S_l is a clonal selection. Malabar type cardamom with prostrate panictes. pate ;;;; pseudo stem, high no rons erriisoiJ Jp,,r"s of ;:i"T'::,1fl"fil'''"' ,::g3i,pri?!1"i7;,"T1,;:,";",llltwhich aie parrot anomoder:a,"L1",T.X'ff ks/ha (dry weisht). suitabre i;;;;;;; cardamom shade (s0_60%) in the hifls with medium to rrigr;rganic carbon content soirs. 2) KAU- PV-4: curture ps'27 is a cronal selection from the open potinated seedlings' This variety is l4arabai iuo"'."ro"rom panicle, high with prostrare number of ovoid ."Oruf", per panicle, recovery and . high dry drought torerant. roi"rani to thrips Dorer. Average dry and capsure weight yield is iig fgln.. Suitabte t:"t -rt"tf"l - for- partial [i r i w i J t h m e di u m . J n, n : :;ff . J? :i : Jit.' "' s " 3) KAU- PV.5: Culture pl.No.t.4 is Vazhukka type, semi erect panicle, no of ovoid capsules high per panicle, ,ujim dry recovery, to thrips. Average Tolerant dry weight yietd is ig+.+'A kg/na, The committee, afte1 detaited discussion, approved cardamom varieties t(Aar-pv-g and-iau-pv-S for rerease in the cardamom growlng tracts tili" State.KAU pV-4 has r\e' No'AGt{l-AF't/'r 'i)t No : 212378g/2olBrAGRl(os)n'1" a1.zu1 t-Arot.I been deferred as the variefu hi breeding objectives ?s to be tested with definite Vil. CROp: pepper 1)panniyur 9: of cu,ture T: iii,|Iii:':,ilffi$:1 :1""..:,;.i,: 53o8 pepper altitude r"gion. .The tracts and high to variery-i"i"."".lorum nu, nn"'iSftioll.hilly maturity, Phytophlhora foot ,-",, Field tolerance rhe va riety,. -:::..u01,g," * ooi,r-' o,!",1::XT,il*: areas is z.z r.n gi;n"be.,ies ffi::;: J:ri#,?j':I o;;,;;, ;:;6 ks dry The committee, aler detailed pepper variety panniyur discussion, approved r-rJirJt""r" in the State. Vfft. CROp: Garcinia UKAU Nithya ; Dr'(Mrs) Anu G Krishnan presented Tamarind the detairs of the Marabar varierv' rt is., a r"r";;';;m curture GC 45190. prant fl.:y"'l'n:f ,:il,T"#ffi ltl'yr",:pl"s^9o1d.nvlrro-*-,i,i,ro," i n d usr ria r u n ,Jli;f c 1 u r i nu'^v ;# j sraft tree r,;# ;T5 Jil"y i:"""rli is 10.litsltre'Jno the 33T#: dry rind recovery rs The committee, after ;;;"rv dedited F;:;{,. rau uitiii- ;; I;:::,i,i,ro?oi,,i",i! 3l fl F rte No.AGKt-At-1/1 51/ZU1 t-AGt lX. CROP: Ginger Dr.(Mrs)Jalaja Menon presented the details of three Ginger va rieties. 1) KAU Chandra : This variety has been developed through somaclonal selection from induced polyploidy of Rio-de-Janeiro.(culture sEB6 81), This variety is suited to central area. This is a dual purpose vaiiety for fresh and dry ginger. The variety is high yielding, fresh yield 23.51 t/ha, dry yield 5.23 t/ha and driage- 22.260/o bold fingers with less fibre content. 2) KAU Ardra : This variety is also developed through somaclonal selection from induced polyploidy of Rio-de-Janeiro,(culture SEB6 4O). Suited to central area of the State. This variety is god for fresh ginger and ginger candy, Driage- 19.6% bold fingers, less fibre , tolerant to rhizome rot. 3) KAU Chitra : This variety has been developed through somaclonal selection from cultivar Himachal Pradesh (culture SE He 9).Suited to central area, good for dry ginger and high yielding, Driage- 23.4% extra bold fingers, less fibre and high starch content. The committee, after detailed discussion, approved Ginger varietles KAU Chandra and IAll Chitra for release in Central Kerala. Variety I(AU Ardra has been deferred for further testing, No'AGt X. CROp: plumbago 1) KAU Swathi r Dr(Mrs)M T Kanet-rn.^ ch et h i k; d u;" i, ro."llllji fff ",ffi., ?ilr""t'i"''o.?o, y:H, #::"J:,, ,"J ;:"il";:'J;,i"|i;'r.5:l"1u r,",0 or r8.42tlha "on 72 2 g. ili;;;;;y'i;'jf":,jJ:[,,; g*: ,, The committee, "Tt#l;..*:i:::ii; after debited discussion, variety t(AU approved ii::X:t" swathi ior retease in the central Xt" CROp: Nutmeg Miniraj presented the u.."r?j;ltt)t' detaits of five nutmeg l)KAU-puilan : Clonal selection from. e_lite nutmeg plants Thrissur district. -v.ri"",v. of a farmer from yietding rvr, yietd/tree is22.7eks; Mace yietJligh (di) (dryl pe;;t#'"'i.ru kg. Mace content is 25.30%. oteoresin 2)KAU-Kochukudy : Clonal selection_from elite nutmeg plants Thrissur district of a farmer from clonar_serection *"ti"i,"o high yierding variety. tvut yietd/tree(.dry) Farmer is2o.aatg, yietd(dry) is 4.48 il"." per ptant kg. Mace oleoresin content i, ig.lOr/". 3)KAU-Mundathanam : Clonal selection from elite nutmeg plants Palakkad district. of a farmer from o-.|]sl v1"r9i"s'f"iiJty suitabte for numid crimate with row rropical shade tevlt in ,-# o"ro. Nut yield/tree I / t.tle NO.AGKt-AF.ti.l 5.t/ZU.t //-A('rKI , : 21 237 89 t2O 1 B/AGRt (OS) (dry) is L9.7kg; Mace yield(dry) per ptant is 3.89 kg. Mace ofeoresin content is 23.39o/o. 4)KAU-Poothara : clonar serection from erite nutmeg prants of a farmel from Kottayam district. A high yierding uuri"ty suitabre for tropicar humid climate with low shade level in the yield/tree(dry) field. Nut is 22.0kg; Mace yietd(dry) per ptant is 4.53 kg. Mace oleoresin content is I4.3%. 5)KAU-Punnathanam : clonal serection from erite nutmeg prants of a farmer from ldukki district. This variety suitabre for tiopicar humid crimate with low shade tevel in the fietd. Nut yield/tree(dry) is 19.39kg; Mace yield(dry) per ptant is 4.23 kg. Mace oleoresrn conrent is 18.0%. The committeeo after detaited discussion, approved Nutmeg variety KAlt puttan for State_ wide retease .for export oriented curtivatron, KAU- punnathanam for State- wide release for commerciat cuttivation; KAlL-Kochukudy for release in the Thrissur district; KAll Mundathanam tor release in Parakkad district and KAI| poathara for rerease in Kottayam district, Xll. CROp:Greater yam llSree Nidhi: Dr.(Mrs)Sheeta.M"N from CTCRI presented the detaits of culture Da 293.This variety is creveroped through cronar serection from a landrace coilected from centrar Kerara. Duration planting from to harvest is 240-260 days(medium). plant is a vine climbing upto 4-5 metres. Tubers are medium cyrindricar with pink cortex and white flesh without browning. Veld 30t/ha" this vaiiety is tolerant to Anthracnose disease. le No'AGKI-AF'l /'l 5'l /zu'l / -AGRI R ecr6pt' No : 21 237 89/201g/AGRI (os )l- The committee, after detaited discussion, Greater yam approved variety Sree Nidhi for release in the.south and Central districts of Kerala, Xlll. CROp: White yam Dr.(Mrs)Sheeia.lvl.N from CTCRI presented the details of two white yam varieties. L)Sree Haritha: This variety has been developed through hybridization clonal selection(culture and DrH 657). plant is a vine climbing 4-5m. up to Dark glossy unifoliate leaves with wavy margin, cylindricar ;;lm smooth tubers with brown skin and white Duration from planting flesh. to harvest 270_300 days. No major diseases are noticed on this variety but susceptiore io scalvLe'! inr".t and nematode. yield 46t tha. "'Jr The committeeo after detaited discussion, whiteYam approved variety sree Haritha for release in the south and eentral districts of Kerala, 2)Sree Swetha: This variety has . been developed through hybridization and clonal serection(curture prant DrD x10). is a vine 30-50 cm bushy variety. Dark green narrow leaves, cylindrical tubers with brown skin and white flesh. Duration from planting to harvest 240-270 is days. No major pests and diseases are noticed on this variety but susceptibre to scare insect during storage, viero i+ t/ha. The committee, after detaited discussion, approved White Yam variety sree swetha for rer*ase in iie south alnd CeTtrql districts of Kerala especlatty ln sandy soit, o) Ftte No.AGKl-4F.1 /1 51/ZU',t /-A('KI zl 21237 89 t20 1 8/AGRr (OS) " Dr. Indira Devi, Director of Research KAU. addressed the scientists and participants of the meeting. Quality concern is gaining momentum in the State and we have to restructure our research objectives to produce safe to eat food and income related to quality, lt is also high time to standardizB and streamline our research on perennial crops. Mrs.Ayisha PP. regional manager, National Seeds Corporation also addressed the participants. Breeders should ensure the notification of the varieties developed by them. She congratulated all the scientists for their achievements. Sri. Narayanan, farmer representative from Palakkad also addressed the meeting ln the concluding session, Sri. S. Janardhanan, Additonal Director of Agriculture(CP) remarked that the meeting was informative and requested the scientists io produce more varieties suited for problem areas and stress situations, having high yield potential, farmer acceptance etc. Tiiangular approach involving Government-Research lnstitutes- Farmer should be considered for the development of agriculture in the State. He congratulated all the scientists who put forth effort in this direction and thanked the Agricultural Production Commissioner and Principal Secretary, other members of the committee and the participants before the meeting was concluded. The meeting was concluded at 4"30 PM. Approved by: b itrb Agricultural Pro uction Commissioner and Chairman, State Seed Sub Committee. lr.ft Rec t'" No'AGr Tlrir.uvananthaDuram List of Pa rticiDa nts 1. 5ri.Teeka Rarr 1y"",.,r, lAS,Agriculttrral productton Conrmissioner and Princi l:a I Secret.r'y {Agri } Gov(:llnrent of Kerala 2. 5ri. Sr.rrril Kuntar AM, Dir.s61e1.6f Agriqlrlture 3. Sri. Jarrardharran. S, Additional Director of Agricutture(Cp) 4. Sri.A.A. prasad, Additional Director of Agriculture, KSSDA 5. Dr Leena Kumari, profesor RRS, Manconrpu 6. Dr P Indira Dev, Djrector of pesearch, KAU 7. Sri.K.V. Narayanan, Fanner rellresentative 8. Sri.Jayakumar G. Assistant professor, AtlS, Thiruvalla 9. Sri.M.Murugan, professor and Head, CRS, pampadumpara 10.Dr.Shajan. V R, professor. AR5.Thiruvalla L1.Dr S 5arada, Assistant Pr'6fs51,e1,, College of Agriculture, Vellayani '12.Dr.Anu G Krishnan, Assistarrt professor, RARS, Kunr"rrakom 13.Dr.Rini professor, CR, Assistant ARS, Thiruvalla 1.4.Dr. Jessy professor(Re M Kuriakose, td), ARS, Thirvalla . 15.Dr. C R Elsy, Professor, ARS, N/annuthy 16.Dr. Ajith pM. Assista ntprofes:;or, L7.Dr. Heera G, Assista,lI profes.:or, pla nt pathology, pRS, pannivur 18.Dr.Neema V J professor and Head, pRS, panniyur 19.Sri. T. Sathyan, Teaching Assistant, CRS, pampadurnpara 20.Ms. Aswathy, teachinB Assi:,t int, CRS, pampadunrpara 21. Ms.Lata Mary George, Senoi" Seed Analyst, State See(l Testing laboratory, Ala ppuzlra 22.Dr MT Kanakamany, professor and l{ead, AICRp on MAp, College of Horticultrrre, Vellanikkara 23.Dr N Miniraj, professor, Department plantation of Crops a nd Spices, College of Horticu ltt.rre 24.Dr. Jalaja S nranon, Assistant Professor. College of Horticulturte, Vellanikkara / RARS' Bree'Jin'l arrd Genetics' (V, /-rssr);r'1i llfo{r:ssor" Plarrt 25. Ms.Fa:'er:ta Pattatr.'bi of of Olericulture' Colege l(um;tr T' Proic:sor, delrartrnent 26. Dr. P ra clet:tl / KAU' rrrrissur Aseo'-inic r)i'cctor or 8::earcl;rlerrcjs ' I ,,-rr. ::.l.;i:l:ras, r'rra'1;r'ler' lrlSC Chentiat *,.OU,rnu PP, Rcgiorral arrd Head 29,Dr K S Shvlarai, Professor Assistarrt Pro{essor' 30.Dr. Veena Vighneswaran' aand O"Otrlnlent of Plarlt tlreeding 3L.Dr. ArVa, K l'rofcssor i'qf'"''''""' ii:ul:t rrl' \/ellay;rni O"ngt.ic.s. (.ollegc o( Cl'CRl Thiruvan'rnilapurafil r MN' Pritrr;irr''rl k'i':'1iisl' 32.Dr, Slreci Directorate of o'tec..c'r of Agrictrlture(W\1)' 33.Ms.V. Sur'\ee"ha, loint D'rectorateof Agriculture Assista'!ri Di:':rr(rr or^srictilture ,.;-ll::liit- aire of Agr culture /\isisltnl Tix Seciro|l' Dir€(ior 35. Sri.Rajan S' leclrnical o{ Agriclrlture A O Serlror Clerk Directorate 35. Ms.Mar.rjula of Agricultutre Clerk' TA Sectiorr' Directorate 37. Ms.Neethuslta U' https://doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v43i4.406 ENTOMON 43(4): 263-270 (2018) Article No. ent. 43405 263 Treatment of coconut palm wood using inorganic preservatives E.V. Anoop*, V. J. Jeeshma, T.K. Dhamodaran#, K. Vidyasagaran, Surabhi Lukose and Francis Scaria College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680656, Kerala, India #Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala, India, Thrissur 680653, Kerala, India Email:[email protected] ABSTRACT: Freshly felled coconut wood is very much susceptible to wood boring insects, moulds and stain fungi as it has high levels of sugar, starch and moisture content throughout the trunk. The objective of this study was to develop appropriate preservative methods to protect sawn coconut palm wood from insects and other pathogens under the prevailing eco-climatic conditions in Kerala and to evaluate the effect of different preservative factors on the treatability of coconut wood. Wood samples were treated with inorganic chemicals like Copper Chrome Boron - CCB and Borax Boric Acid – BBA by diffusion and pressure treatment, of which pressure treatment performed better. Diffusion treatment of inorganic preservatives in high and medium density wood showed no significant difference in retention whereas significant difference was observed for penetration percentage. For pressure treatment, retention and penetration were significant in high density wood whereas medium density wood showed only significant retention. Solution concentrations and overall retention and penetration percentage were found to be significantly related. The study found that sawn coconut wood samples could be effectively treated with preservatives complying with the prescribed retention and penetration percentages as per the different standards and therefore, could be used as a potential substitute for conventional timbers and the insect damage was negligible. No incidence of insects, particularly termites and pin hole borers was observed during the graveyard studies. © 2018 Association for Advancement of Entomology KEY WORDS: Sawn coconut wood, diffusion, pressure treatment, preservatives, insects INTRODUCTION and economically important palms (Moore, 1948; Subramanian, 2003). All the plant parts are used, The coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) is found on account of which, the palm has been regarded along the coastal and inlands regions of almost all as Kalapavriksham or Tree of Life or Tree of tropical countries. The uses of coconut palms are heaven, a gift from nature to man (ENVIS, 2014). almost limitless as it provides food, drink and shelter India is one of the largest producers of coconut and raw material to a number of industries (Menon which comprises 31 per cent of production and 17.6 and Pandalai, 1958; Oduor and Githiomi, 2006; per cent of the planted area (APCC, 2014). The Djokoto, 2013). It is one of the world’s most versatile bulk of country’s plantation is concentrated in * Author for correspondence © 2018 Association for Advancement of Entomology 264 E.V. Anoop et al. southern states. Kerala has 20.8 per cent of the the dependency on forests or conventional plantation total geographical area under coconut and accounts grown timber and can pave the way for an for 33 per cent of total coconut plantation in India additional source of income to coconut farmers. (GOK, 2015). Effect of various factors on the treatability of coconut wood as well as variation in retention and Coconut exhibits no secondary growth but, the penetration in different parts of coconut wood were lateral increase of trunk is due to the multiplication the objectives of this study. of cells and enlargement of parenchymatic cells and vascular bundles (Killmann, 1993). The unique MATERIALS AND METHODS anatomical features of the coconut wood results in high variation in physical and mechanical properties. Coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L.) of age group Based on density, coconut stem has three distinct (30-40 years) of “West Coast Tall” (WCT) variety zones such as the dermal zone, sub-dermal zone grown in Thrissur district of Central Kerala and core region and there is a decrease in the density (between N 10° 11' 8.16" and N 10° 41' 2.76" of wood from the outer to inner as well as base to latitude; E 75° 58' 2.64" and E 76° 53' 29.04" top portions of coconut (Killmann and Fink, 1996; longitude), was used for the study. Experiments Fathi, 2014). Density plays a significant role in were conducted in the Department of Wood determining the end use of coconut palm wood Science, College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural (Mead, 2001). Coconut wood has little resistance University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur district, India to wood degrading organisms including insects during 2015 – 2017. Wood was taken from 30 cm when it is exposed to the weather, particularly on above the ground till 4 meters from the top of the ground contact. Freshly sawn coconut wood is palm. Palm trunk was converted into 2 meter logs extremely susceptible to the attack of termites and after cross cutting with the help of a power saw pin hole borers apart from sap stain fungi. and transported to a saw mill for sawing (Killmann and Fink, 1996). Coconut logs were converted to Seasoning is the first step in the efficient utilization scantlings of 5 cm x 5 cm cross section and 50 cm of the timbers, especially in tropical countries. length for further analysis Prophylactic surface Protection against the ambrosia beetles could be treatment was carried out with Borax - Boric Acid secured after kiln seasoning of coconut wood (BBA) solution in the ratio of 1: 1.5 (parts per (George, 1985). The efficacy of preservative weight) in water at 3 per cent concentration level treatment depends on the proper choice of by dipping and samples were then air dried under preservative chemicals and the treatment process, shade. which ensures the required absorption and penetration of the preservative. Seasoning prior to For estimating moisture content, three sticks were preservation makes preservative treatment easy taken from each stack randomly and small clear and effective. Seasoning and preservation should specimens of 2 cm× 2cm× 2.5 cm dimensions were be regarded as an integral part of timber utilization made according to IS: 1708- - 1986. The samples (ISI, 2001). The coconut trunk remained under- were weighed with an accuracy of 0.001 in a utilized due to its highly perishable nature. weighing balance and dried in a hot air oven at a temperature of 103°± 2°c till constant weight. From The present study is an attempt to standardize the the initial and final weight (oven dry weight), preservation technologies of coconut wood to moisture content of each specimen was calculated. increase the durability of coconut wood products with protection from insects and other organisms. Coconut wood samples were sorted into different The knowledge developed can be used for the grades such as low, medium and high density. A industrial production of preserved timbers or pilodyn was used to classify the samples into high manufacturing of products from treated wood. and medium density wood materials (Schulte, 1991). Increased utilization of coconut wood can reduce Pilodyn is a handy tool weighing about 1 kg which Iinorganic preservatives for sawn coconut wood for timber and insect damage 265 Fig. 1. Variation in DSR with respect to the duration of diffusion treatment in HDW Fig. 2. Variation in penetration percentage with respect to the duration of diffusion treatment in HDW Fig. 3. Variation in DSR (kg m-3) with respect to the duration of diffusion treatment in MDW can be used for indirect non- destructive assessment penetration depth - PPD) is indicated on the of basic density of logs as well as standing trees. instrument. The scale of PPD ranges from 0-40. The pilodyn drives a steel pin which is driven into The depth of penetration is inversely related to the the wood by releasing a spring with a predetermined density of the timber and in turn with its modulus of energy and the penetration (referred as pin elasticity (MoE) and modulus of rupture (MoR). In 266 E.V. Anoop et al. Fig. 4. Variation in penetration percentage with respect to the duration of diffusion treatment in MDW Fig. 5. Variation in DSR with concentration at constant pressure in HDW Fig. 6. Variation in penetration percentage with concentration at constant pressure in HDW Fig. 7.Variation in DSR with concentration at Fig. 8.Variation in penetration percentage with constant pressure in MDW concentration at constant pressure in MDW the present study, pilodyn (FUJI TECK, Tokyo, which as such could not be used for structural Japan) with 6 Joules and 2.5 mm pin diameter was purpose and were hence discarded. used for taking measurements. The readings were taken at the middle point of each samples and Partially dried wood samples of two density (high grouped into high and medium density wood on the and medium) classes were treated with inorganic basis of PPD. All the samples that showed 20 PPD preservatives - copper chrome boron (CCB) and were sorted as high density wood and the readings borax – boric acid (BBA) at various concentrations. between 20 to 28 PPD were graded as medium CCB was prepared by mixing Copper sulphate, density wood. The samples having reading above Sodium dichromate and Boric acid in the ratio of 28 PPD were regarded as low density material 3:4:1.5 (parts per weight) respectively (ISI, 1986). Iinorganic preservatives for sawn coconut wood for timber and insect damage 267 Two levels of concentration (1 and 2 per cent) were is affected by many factors. Apart from solution used in the investigation. BBA was prepared by concentration and diffusion period, moisture content mixing boric acid and borax in the ratio of 1: 1.5 in the wood, density of the material, temperature (parts per weight) in water. Three levels of etc. also affect the penetration depth (Archer, 1991; concentration (3, 6 and 10 per cent) were used in Williams, 1991). the investigation (Gnanaharan and Dhamodaran, 1989). Diffusion Treatment The treatment methods adopted for the impregnation In High Density Wood (HDW), variation of chemical into the wood were diffusion and penetration percentage of individual samples did not pressure treatment. Duration of diffusion treatment follow any uniform pattern (Fig. 1). Dry salt was taken as 40, 80 and 120 minutes respectively. retention with respect to the duration of diffusion Pressure treatment plant located at the KFRI treatment also did not follow any particular pattern Substation, Palappally, Thrissur was used and (Fig. 2). The chemical concentration was directly Bethel’s full cell process was employed. (Vacuum proportional to the DSR. The value of DSR ranged at 15 inch Hg for 10 minutes and pressure was from 0.82 kg m-3to 10.76 kg m-3 for BBA and from maintained at 10 kg/cm2 for 30 minutes). 0.25 kg m-3to 1.09 kg m-3 for CCB. For BBA, complete penetration was achieved at 10 per cent After treatment, the evaluation of treatment and lowest value for penetration was observed as methods and chemicals were studied by different 13.67 per cent at 3 per cent concentration .The parameters like, dry salt retention (DSR), penetration percentage of CCB ranged from 6.53 penetration depth, diffusion storage period and per cent to 17.37 per cent. The achieved DSR leaching factor. Treated samples were removed was above 10 kgm-3 and the retention was achieved from the tank and excess liquid was drained off for at 6 per cent concentration of BBA. 30 minutes and wrapped in polyethylene sheets for more penetration of chemicals into the wood. 374 For Medium Density Wood (MDW), analysis of samples were analysed and the effect of various means depicted that with an increase in diffusion diffusion periods on retention and penetration were period, the chemical retention increased in the wood analysed using two-way ANOVA. Effect of samples. DSR increased with increasing chemical solution concentration at constant pressure was concentrations for the same duration (Fig. 3). But evaluated through one way ANOVA and LSD was the individual factors such as chemical used to compare the significance of means. concentrations and duration were significant. Chemical strength and interaction between chemical RESULTS strength and duration were found to be significant for penetration percentage. No significant The effect of factors like chemical concentration, differences were observed between durations. The diffusion period and pressure on the treatability of values for DSR ranged from 0.44 to 7.49 kgm-3 coconut wood was evaluated in this study. Variation (Fig. 4). in dry salt retention and penetration percentage were compared with the recommended standards Pressure Treatment to assess potential utilities of the treatments for coconut wood. The major objective of the present In the case of HDW, increase in chemical investigation was to develop appropriate concentration of BBA and CCB was directly preservative treatment methods with inorganic proportional to DSR (Fig. 5). All the chemical chemicals (CCB and BBA) which might help to concentrations obtained complete penetration enhance the service life of coconut wood and except at one per cent of CCB (Fig. 6). The value protection from wood damaging insects and other of DSR ranged from 5.27 to 35.18 kgm-3 for BBA organisms. Penetration depth of chemicals in wood and from 4.03 to 13.23 kg m-3 for CCB. Pressure 268 E.V. Anoop et al. treatment showed complete penetration of studies being undertaken in continuation of the chemicals except CCB at 1 per cent concentration. present study to evaluate the effectiveness of the Chemical concentration was the factor considered preservatives. Adequate intervention through in the analysis of DSR and penetration percentage preservation which was standardised through this in MDW (Fig. 7 and 8). study can expand the service life of coconut wood and thereby augment the supply of durable timbers DISCUSSION with lesser durable timbers. Diffusion of high and medium density wood showed ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS significant difference for penetration percentage but no differences in retention. In pressure treatment, retention and penetration was significant in HDW, The authors wish to acknowledge, the Government but MDW showed significant difference only in of Kerala for the financial support. The support retention. Pressure treatment achieved complete and encouragement of the Director of Research, penetration for all solution concentration of the Kerala Agricultural University and the Dean, chemicals used. Diffusion treatment of CCB College of Forestry, Thrissur, Kerala are gratefully obtained low retention compared to BBA. Only acknowledged. through the application of pressure, CCB attained the recommended retention suggested in the REFERENCES standards. Relation of diffusion period and retention in HDW showed no uniform pattern and followed APCC [Asia and Pacific Coconut Community] (2014) increasing trend in MDW. Penetration depth Coconut Statistical Yearbook-2014. Asian and followed an increasing pattern with respect to the Pacific Coconut Community Secretariat, Indonesia. 306 p. increasing treatment duration in the two density Archer K. (1991) Dip-diffusion treatments for softwood classes. Low retention and penetration for CCB lumber and timber. In: Williams, L. H. (ed.), was achieved for both density classes through International Conference on Wood Protection diffusion treatment. At 3 per cent BBA, retention with Diffusible Preservatives and Pesticides. achieved was 7.38 kgm-3 through pressure Forest Products Society, Madison. pp. 53-57. treatment which could be achieved through diffusion Djokoto A. A.(2013) Exploring coconut tree as an treatment using BBA at 10 per cent. As far as small alternative wood carving material. BA (Hons) scale preservation or furniture unit is concerned, IRAI thesis, Kwame Nkrumah University of desired retention could be achieved through Science and Technology, Ghana. 103p. diffusion treatment and the costs for the expensive ENVIS [Environmental Information System] (2014) ENVIS Kerala home page. Available: http:// pressure plant can be offset by an increase in solution www.kerenvis.nic.in/Database/Crops_1732.aspx. concentration in both HDW and MDW. From the [25 Jan. 2017]. industrial point of view, pressure treatment is Fathi L. (2014) Structural and mechanical properties of superior to diffusion treatment for both density wood from coconut palms, oil palms and date classes. In the case of CCB, the desired retention palms. Ph.D. thesis, University of Hamburg, was achieved at 2 per cent concentration and higher Hamburg, Germany. 172 p. retention was needed for the use of coconut wood George J. (1985) Preservation treatment of bamboo, in external condition in contact with ground. rubber wood and coconut palm – simple methods Increasing concentration of solution or pressure for treating building Timbers. In: Findlay, W. P. applied can help to achieve higher retention of K. (ed.), Preservation of Timber in the Tropics. Dr W. Junk publishers, England. pp. 233-257. CCB. In general, the natural durability of coconut German E. C., Siriban F. R. and Tamolang F. N. (1997) Fire ranges from 6 months to 2 years and it needs Resistance of Coconut Lumber Treated with Fire- significant up gradation to meet the requirements. Retardant Chemical [abstract]. In: Abstracts, No incidence of insects, particularly termites and Coconut Wood Utilization in Philippines: A pin hole borers was observed during the graveyard Compilation of Abstracts; October, 1997, Laguna, Iinorganic preservatives for sawn coconut wood for timber and insect damage 269 Forest Products Research and Development Mead D. J. (2001) Non-forest Tree Plantations. Forest Institute, Philippines, p.19.Abstract No. 1.2.5. Plantations Thematic Papers: Forestry GOK [Government of Kerala] (2015) Agricultural Department, FAO, Rome, Italy. pp. 8-11. statistics 2013-2014. Department of Economics Menon K. P. V. and Pandalai K. M. (1958) The coconut and Statistics, Thiruvananthapuram. 228 p. palm: A monograph. Indian Central Coconut Gnanaharan R. and Dhamodaran T. K. (1989) Preservative Committee. 384p. treatment of stem wood of wilt-diseased coconut Moore O. K. (1948) The coconut palm – Mankind’s palms. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 1(4): greatest provider in the tropics. Economic Botany 341-345. 2(2): 119-144. ISI [Indian Standards Institution] (1986) Indian Oduor N. and Githiomi J. (2006) Wood Characteristics standards method of testing small clear timber and properties of Cocos nucifera (the coconut specimens of timber, IS:1708. Bureau of Indian tree) grown in Kwale District. http:// Standards (BIS), New Delhi. 63p. fornistest.metla.fi/taxonomy/term/13/0?page=12 ISI [Indian Standards Institution] (2001) Indian Schulte M. (1991) Comparison of different methods for standards preservation of timber – code of sorting coconut wood. Diploma Thesis, practice, IS:401. Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), University of Hamburg. 154p. New Delhi. 30p. Subramanian K. V. (2003) Coconut wood diversification Killmann W. (1993) Structure, characteristics and use of for increased income. Indian Coconut Journal strains economically important palms. Ph. D 34(4): 10-18. thesis. University Hamburg, Hamburg. Germany. Williams L. H. (1991) Diffusion treatment of wood: An 213p. American perspective. Thompson R. (ed.) Killmann W. and Fink D. (1996) Coconut Palm Stem Chemistry of Wood Preservation. The Royal Processing-Technical Handbook. Department of Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, England. p.34- Furniture and wooden Products, Eschborn. 206p. 52. (Received 08 September 2018; revised ms accepted 14 November 2018; published 31 December 2018) 270 E.V. Anoop et al.