The Laws of Jamaica, 1898
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Guide to the Collection of Irish Antiquities
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND ART, DUBLIN. GUIDE TO THE COLLECTION OF IRISH ANTIQUITIES. (ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY COLLECTION). ANGLO IRISH COINS. BY G COFFEY, B.A.X., M.R.I.A. " dtm; i, in : printed for his majesty's stationery office By CAHILL & CO., LTD., 40 Lower Ormond Quay. 1911 Price One Shilling. cj 35X5*. I CATALOGUE OF \ IRISH COINS In the Collection of the Royal Irish Academy. (National Museum, Dublin.) PART II. ANGLO-IRISH. JOHN DE CURCY.—Farthings struck by John De Curcy (Earl of Ulster, 1181) at Downpatrick and Carrickfergus. (See Dr. A. Smith's paper in the Numismatic Chronicle, N.S., Vol. III., p. 149). £ OBVERSE. REVERSE. 17. Staff between JiCRAGF, with mark of R and I. abbreviation. In inner circle a double cross pommee, with pellet in centre. Smith No. 10. 18. (Duplicate). Do. 19. Smith No. 11. 20. Smith No. 12. 21. (Duplicate). Type with name Goan D'Qurci on reverse. Obverse—PATRIC or PATRICII, a small cross before and at end of word. In inner circle a cross without staff. Reverse—GOAN D QVRCI. In inner circle a short double cross. (Legend collected from several coins). 1. ^PIT .... GOANDQU . (Irish or Saxon T.) Smith No. 13. 2. ^PATRIC . „ J<. ANDQURCI. Smith No. 14. 3. ^PATRIGV^ QURCI. Smith No. 15. 4. ^PA . IOJ< ^GOA . URCI. Smith No. 16. 5. Duplicate (?) of S. No. 6. ,, (broken). 7. Similar in type of ob- Legend unintelligible. In single verse. Legend unin- inner circle a cross ; telligible. resembles the type of the mascle farthings of John. Weight 2.7 grains ; probably a forgery of the time. -
Good Grade. 6. 1916 Shilling
1. 1696 crown. 45. Qty. pennies etc. 3.3 kg. 2. 2 x 1937 crown. 46. Boxed set of 4 crowns. 3. 1836 ½ crown. 47. 1914 half crown – better grade. 4. 2 x 1935 crowns. 48. 1889 crown. 5. 1918 Rupee – good grade. 49. 1889 crown. 6. 1916 shilling – good grade. 50. USA 1922 Dollar. 7. 1927 wreath crown. 51. Enamel George 111 crown. 8. USA silver dollar 1922. 52. 1922 Australia florins. 9. Silver Death of Victoria medallion. 53. 1939 penny – good grade and ½ 10. 1806 penny – good grade. penny. 11. 2 x 1951 crown and 1953 crown. 54. Proof silver £1 coins. 12. 3 x 1951 crowns. 55. 1998 proof set piedfort £1 coin. 13. 1895 crown. 56. 1993 proof set piedfort £1 coin. 14. 1943 ½ Dollar. 57. 2001 proof set piedfort £1 coin. 15. 3 piece enamel type coin jewellery. 58. 1992 proof silver piedfort 50p. 16. Box medallion. 59. Good grade 1891 USA dime. 17. Cigarette cards. 60. Good grade 1836 Groat. 18. Bank notes etc. 61. Boxed set of 3 D.Day crowns. 19. Tin of coins. 62. 2 proof silver 10p. 1992. 20. Purse of coins. 63. Proof 2001 £5 coin. 21. 1857 USA 1 cent. 64. 1988 proof set UK. 22. Cheltenham penny token 1812. 65. 1989 proof set UK. 23. 3 tokens. 66. 1953 proof set. 24. 18th century Irish ½ pennies. 67. 1935 and 1937 crown. 25. 1813 IOM penny. 68. 2 x 1935 crown. 26. 3 Victorian ½ farthings. 69. 1889 crown. 27. Victoria farthings 1839 onwards. 70. 1889 crown. 28. Canada 25d. -
British Coins
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ BRITISH COINS 567 Eadgar (959-975), cut Halfpenny, from small cross Penny of moneyer Heriger, 0.68g (S 1129), slight crack, toned, very fine; Aethelred II (978-1016), Penny, last small cross type, Bath mint, Aegelric, 1.15g (N 777; S 1154), large fragment missing at mint reading, good fine. (2) £200-300 with old collector’s tickets of pre-war vintage 568 Aethelred II (978-1016), Pennies (2), Bath mint, long -
Exchange of Irish Coins
IR£ COINS ONLY Irish Pound coins can be submitted for value exchange via the drop box located at the Central Bank of Ireland in North Wall Quay or by post to: Central Bank of Ireland, PO Box 61, P3, Sandyford, Dublin 16. Please note submissions cannot be dropped in to the Sandyford address. Please sort your submission in advance as follows: Submissions must include: 1. Completed form 2. Bank account details for payment 3. A copy of photographic ID for submissions over €100 More information: See the “Consumer Hub” area on www.centralbank.ie, email [email protected], or call the Central Bank on +353 1 2245969. SUBMISSION DETAILS Please give details of the COIN(S) enclosed Quantity OFFICE USE Quantity OFFICE USE Denomination Denomination Declared ONLY Declared ONLY ¼d (Farthing) ½p (Halfpenny) ½d (Halfpenny) 1p (Penny) 1d (Penny) 2p (Two pence) 3d (Threepence) 5p (Five pence) 6d (Sixpence) 10p (Ten pence) 1s (Shilling) 20p (Twenty pence) 2s (Florin) 50p (Fifty pence) 2/6 (Half crown) £1 (One pound) 10 s (Ten Shilling) TOTAL QUANTITY Modified 16.12.19 IR£ COINS ONLY Failure to complete the form correctly will result in delay in reimbursement. Please use BLOCK CAPITALS throughout this form. Important information for submissions by companies: Please provide your CRO number: , For submissions over €100, please submit a redacted bank statement in the company name for the nominated bank account instead of photo ID. Applicant Details Applicant’s Full Name Tel Number Address Email Address For submissions over €100: Have you attached the required ID? yes To protect your personal information, please fold completed form along dotted line ensuring this side faces inward. -
A Mighty Experiment: the Transition from Slavery To
A MIGHTY EXPERIMENT: THE TRANSITION FROM SLAVERY TO FREEDOM IN JAMAICA, 1834-1838 by ELISABETH GRIFFITH-HUGHES (Under the Direction of Peter C. Hoffer) ABSTRACT When Britain abolished slavery, in 1834, it did not grant immediate freedom to the slaves, but put in place an apprenticeship period of four to six years depending upon occupation designation. This period, along with compensation of 6 million pounds, was awarded to the planters for their property losses. It was meant to be used to "socialize" the former slaves and convert them from enslaved to wage labor. The British government placed the task of overseeing the apprenticeship period in the hands of a force of stipendiary magistrates. The power to punish the work force was taken from the planters and overseers and given to the magistrates who ruled on the complaints brought by planters, overseers, and apprentices, meted out punishments, and forwarded monthly reports to the governors. Jamaica was the largest and most valuable of the British West Indian possessions and consequently the focus of attention. There were four groups all with a vested interest in the outcome of the apprenticeship experiment: the British government, the Jamaican Assembly, the planters, and the apprentices. The thesis of this work is that rather than ameliorating conditions and gaining the cooperation they needed from their workers, the planters responded with coercive acts that drove the labor force from the plantations. The planters’ actions, along with those of a British government loathe to interfere with local legislatures after the experience of losing the North American colonies, bear much of the responsibility for the demise of the plantation economy in Jamaica. -
Ancient Coins
ANCIENT COINS GREEK COINS 1. Satraps of Caria, Pixodorus (340-334 BC), gold hekte or stater, head of Apollo to r., rev. Zeus Labraundos standing to r. holding double axe and lotus-tipped sceptre, wt. 1.35gms. (Sear 4963; F.440), very fine and rare ⅙ $1000-1200 2. Kings of Lydia, temp. Alyattes-Kroisos, circa 610-546 BC, electrum ⅓ stater or trite, Sardes mint, head of roaring lion to r., rev. two incuse square punches, wt. 4.70gms. (GCV.3398; F.448), very fine $500-700 3. Bactria, Eucratides I (170-145 BC), tetradrachm, dr., cuir. bust r., wearing crested helmet adorned with bull’s horn and ear, rev. BAΣIΛEΩΣ MEΓAΛOY, Dioskouroi holding palm fronds and lances, on horses rearing r., monogram to lower r., in ex. ΕΥΚΡΑΤΙΔΟΥ, wt. 16.94gms. (Sear 7570), certified and graded by NGC as Choice About Uncirculated, Strike 5/5, Surface 4/5 $3200-3500 ANCIENT COINS 4. Kyrene, Kyrenaika (322-313 BC), gold stater, Magistrate Polianthes, KYPANAION, Nike driving quadriga r., sun above r., rev. Zeus stg. l. by thymiaterion, holding patera and sceptre, wt. 8.70gms. (BMC.117), flan a little irregular, extremely fine $4000-4500 5. Kingdom of Thrace, Koson, King of Scythians (died 29 BC), gold stater, c. 40-29 BC, consul between lictors, all togate, walking l., rev. eagle standing l., holding wreath in one claw, wt. 8.33gms. (GCV.1733), obverse struck off-centre, otherwise extremely fine $650-850 ANCIENT COINS ROMAN COINS 6. Roman Republic, C. Servilius (136 B.C.), silver denarius, helmeted head of Roma facing r., wearing a necklace, a wreath and mark of value (XVI monogram) behind, ROMA below, rev. -
The Wren Farthing (1937 – 1956) King
THE WREN FARTHING (1937 – 1956) This Brushwood Coin Note is another in our series covering favourite British bronze coins; the Wren farthing, minted for some 20 years during the reigns of 3 monarchs between 1937 and 1956. Manufactured in bronze, with a diameter of 20 mm (approx 0.8 inch) and a weight of about 2.8 grammes (0.1 ounce), there were 4 farthings in one penny, (thus making 960 to the pound (£1). Farthings in earlier times had been made from a series of different metals, firstly silver, then copper, tin, copper again, and then finally the harder wearing bronze from 1860 until the last issue of farthing in 1956. The bronze of the wren farthings was made up of 95.5% copper / 3% tin / 1.5% zinc. The name farthing originates from the word ‘fourthing’ or ‘feorling’, which linked with the fact that the first farthings were derived from pennies cut into four pieces. Farthings had existed since the days of Oliver Cromwell when they were made originally in silver and for over 250 years the image of Britannia was firmly established as the reverse of the farthing. However in 1937 the Britannia reverse of the Farthing gave way to a new image of the British Wren (Fig 1). The new design, created by Harold Wilson Parker was introduced on the accession of King Edward VIII in 1936. Examples of the 1937 Edward VIII farthing Fig 1: Wren Reverse Design are exceedingly rare as these never entered into circulation following the abdication of Edward. KING GEORGE VI The Wren reverse first came into normal circulation therefore after the accession of King George VI , and there were two variations of Wren farthing issued during his reign. -
William Butler Yeats and the Irish Coinage
Published in: Numismatics International Bulletin Dallas, Texas, Vol. 39 Nr 4 April 2004, pp. 77-83. The text below is identical with the text published – page numbers from the edition are given in parenthesis { }. When quoting, please, make sure to include complete bibliographical address and page numbers! Krzysztof Fordonski William Butler Yeats and the Irish Coinage {77} Non-literary activities of writers or poets seldom arise much interest of scholars unless they are of crucial importance or have a tangible influence on their work. They are usually even less interesting for coin-collectors whose attention may only rarely be drawn to a mysterious portrait on a foreign coin. And yet, sometimes when we dig deeper into writers' biographies we may find information that will tell us something more about coins from our own collections. Coins which seemed common may start to mean a little more to us. Public activities of the Irish poet and playwright William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) were so many and so various, especially at the turn of the centuries, they were so much connected with his literary work that even his chairing the Commission on Coinage, "his most notable contribution to the proceedings of the Seanad", as his biographer J. Norman Jeffares called it, is very often neglected. One might agree that these activities to which he applied his shaping skills as the Irish Manuscripts, Literary Copyright, the Lane pictures, the National Museum, the National Gallery and Art School to mention but a few, were, if compared to his literary achievements, of mediocre importance. The question must be asked therefore why such an eminent man, Nobel Prize winner, a poet universally recognized by his peers as the greatest poet writing in the English language of this century participated in such activities? J. -
History of the Irish Pound
USING OTHER PEOPLE’S MONEY: FAREWELL TO THE IRISH POUND Patrick Honohan With the removal of its legal tender status after 9 February, 2002, the Irish pound slides into probable oblivion. Its existence can be said to have begun in 1460, when the assertive Drogheda Parliament unilaterally reduced by 20 per cent the silver content of the penny in Ireland. There were no pound coins yet in those days, much less pound notes: to define the penny was to define the pound. In its first 250 years Irish coinage more or less held its own on average against sterling, but like the latter, suffered many vicissitudes, sometimes in line with England, sometimes not. The silver content of the coins issued for Ireland rose and fell according to the exigencies of state – falling when the Crown (notably Henry VIII, Elizabeth and James II) leaned on the currency to pay for military and other expenses; rising in response to commercial pressure for a uniform and good quality coinage. It is apparently to Henry that we owe the harp emblem, but this stylistic innovation could not conceal the light silver content of the coins he ordered for Ireland. Stability came in the eighteenth century. The proclamation of June 1701 fixed the value of the English silver shilling at thirteen pence (1s 1d) Irish, a rate that survived for a century. Since then (as Moore McDowell has observed) the Irish pound has emulated the Cheshire Cat in its tendency almost to vanish behind sterling and then to reappear. Indeed, just twice in the ensuing three centuries did Irish currency re-emerge as a fully autonomous entity: first during the Napoleonic wars, and more recently for the last two decades of the twentieth century when it fluctuated as a member of the European Monetary System (EMS). -
The Pattern Halfpennies and Farthings of Anne
THE PATTERN HALFPENNIES AND FARTHINGS OF ANNE By C. WILSON PECK INTRODUCTION THE Anne pattern halfpennies and especially the farthings have always been highly esteemed by collectors, the former, no doubt, because of their unusual reverse designs, and the farthings more probably on account of their simple but very pleasing obverse portrait. All these patterns, except the BELLO • ET • PACE farthing, were struck from dies by John Croker, who had succeeded to the post of Chief Engraver at the Mint in 1705. Some of them bear quite novel reverse types reputedly designed at the suggestion of Dean Swift to commemorate important events in the queen's reign, e.g. most of the half- pennies allude to the Union with Scotland, and the ' Peace in biga' farthing refers to the Peace of Utrecht. The story, cunningly propagated by various unscrupulous or misguided persons during the first decade of the nineteenth century, that an Anne farthing was worth virtually a small fortune, was readily believed by a con- siderable section of the population, especially in the country districts, despite its denial by the British Museum and other well-informed persons, among them, William Till. Even as late as 1877, James Henry was constrained to publish a short notice proving the utter falsity of this belief, and it is therefore not improbable that the faint halo which even today still hovers over the Anne farthing can be partly attributed to a lingering link with this idle story. Considering the popularity of the Anne patterns it is hard to understand why they have never been thoroughly studied and classified: any contention or excuse that their comparative rarity precluded a really comprehensive investigation is quite indefensible, for the writer, without undue trouble, was able in a very short time to discover and record close on 90 Anne halfpennies and more than 250 assorted varieties of the farthing. -
The Coinage of Ireland During the Rebellion, 1641-1652
THE COINAGE OF IRELAND DURING THE REBELLION, 1641-1652. By F. WILLSON YEATES. HE principal authorities upon this subject to whom . reference is. made in this paper .are Si~10n, 1749;1 Lindsay, O- 1839;2 Rudmg, 1840 ;3 Dr. AqUIlla SmIth, 1860 ;4 Mr. H. A. Grueber, 1899;5 and Dr. Philip Nelson, 1906.6 In some cases the conclusions arrived at by these writers are satisfactorily supported by documentary evidence, but in ()ther cases there is clearly room for further research. The following notes may draw fresh attention to the series and lead to a more satisfactory classification of the coins, which are fully described by Dr. Nelson in volume ii of the J o~tr1~al of this Society. Before dealing with the coins themselves it is necessary to form some idea of the currency in use in Ireland in 1641 at the time of the outbreak of the rebellion, and also of the parties taking part therein. Prior to 1558 the silver coinage both in England and Ireland had steadily deteriorated, and was in a deplorable state. In that year Queen Elizabeth attempted to improve the standard in England by re-striking the English base money, which was only 3 ounces 1 Simon's Essay on I rish Coins, r749, with Snelling's S~tpplement, r810. 2 A View of the Coinage of Ireland, by John Lindsay, r839. 3 Annals of the Coinage of Great Britain, by the Rev. Rogers Ruding, r840. 4 "Money of Necessity issued in Ireland in the Reign of Charles I," by Aquilla Smith, M.D., Journal of the Kif kenny ArchceologicaZ Society, vol. -
Currency During the Tenure of the British
BRITISH COINS IN THE BEGINNING OF THE 19TH CENTURY CURRENCY DURING THE TENURE OF THE BRITISH In 1800, Malta passed under the control of Great Britain, but it was only in 1886 that the British Pound Sterling became the sole legal tender of the archipelago. Third Farthing 1 Farthing Halfpenny 1/1920 Pound 1/960 Pound 1/480 Pound BRITISH COPPER COINS - SOLE LEGAL TENDER Copper Bronze/Copper Copper The Order of St John’s progressive demonetization of the coinage triggered in 1827 with the abolishing of all copper Tari, Grani and Piccioli coins. No copper coins, other than the British Penny, Halfpenny, Farthing and Grain, were considered legal tender after 25 April 1828. The Grain was specifically produced for Malta at the Royal Mint in England, to make up for the disparity in the value of the Farthing (the standard smallest denomination in the Pound system) and local petty transactions. BRITISH GOLD AND SILVER COINS - SOLE LEGAL TENDER A second major step to establish the British currency as the sole legal tender in Malta and Gozo was taken in 1855 when British gold and silver coins were declared as the only means for payment. Nonetheless, the business and banking community continued to make Penny 2 Pence 3 Pence Groat 6 Pence use of gold and silver coins minted by the Order of St John, as well as some other foreign 1/240 Pound 1/120 Pound 1/80 Pound 1/60 Pound 1/40 Pound currencies, particularly the Sicilian Dollar. The situation changed in 1885, when the Italian Bronze/Copper Copper Silver Silver Silver Government announced that the Sicilian Dollar ceased to be legal tender in the Kingdom of Italy.