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Adoption of Smart and Sustainable Strategies in the State of Qatar

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Adoption of Smart and Sustainable Strategies in the State of Qatar ADOPTION OF SMART AND SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES IN THE STATE OF QATAR HAMDA AL MERAIKHI PhD Thesis 2021 i ADOPTION OF SMART AND SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES IN THE STATE OF QATAR HAMDA AL MERAIKHI A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Wolverhampton for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) This work or any part thereof has not previously been presented in any form to the University or to any other body whether for the purposes of assessment, publication or for any other purpose (unless otherwise indicated). Save for any express acknowledgements, references and/or bibliographies cited in the work, I can confirm that the intellectual content of the work is the result of my own efforts and of no other person. The right of Hamda al Meraikhi to be identified as author of this work is asserted in accordance with ss. 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988. At this date, the author owns copyright. Signature………………………………………………… Date…20.04.2021……………………………………………………. i TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................ viii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ x CHAPTER 1 : AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY ......................................... 11 1.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 11 1.2 BACKGROUND TO THE RESEARCH STUDY ............................................. 11 1.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE STUDY ................................................................ 15 1.4 RESEARCH AIM AND OBJECTIVES ............................................................. 23 1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ................................................................................ 24 1.6 BENEFITS OF THE STUDY ............................................................................. 26 1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY............................................... 26 1.8 STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS ........................................................................ 27 CHAPTER 2 : A REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON SUSTAINABILITY AND QATARI SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ................................ 31 2.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 31 2.2 CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY .................................................................. 31 2.3 KEY SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES ............................................................... 34 2.4 THE IMPACT OF SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES ON COMPETITIVENESS ........................................................................................ 39 2.5 CHALLENGES FOR IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES 47 2.6 QATAR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT ................................. 52 2.7 KEY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT DRIVERS IN QATAR ................... 55 2.8 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES IN QATAR ...................... 60 2.9 THE QATAR NATIONAL VISION 2030 ......................................................... 61 2.10 CHALLENGES TO SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE USE IN QATAR ............. 66 2.11 SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ 67 CHAPTER 3 : A REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON SMART CITIES, KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION ..... 69 3.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 69 3.2 LITERATURE REVIEW ON SMART CITIES ................................................ 69 3.3 THE SUSTAINABLE CITIES ........................................................................... 71 3.4 SMART AND SUSTAINABLE CITIES ........................................................... 73 ii 3.5 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABLE CITIES 74 3.6 LITERATURE REVIEW ON KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT .................... 75 3.7 LITERATURE REVIEW ON INNOVATIVE BUSINESS MODELS FOR SUSTAINABILITY ............................................................................................ 81 3.8 BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION ................................................................ 83 3.9 BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY ..................... 84 3.10 BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION FOR PUBLIC SECTOR SUSTAINABILITY ............................................................................................ 86 3.11 SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ 91 CHAPTER 4 : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOR THE STUDY ..................... 92 4.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 92 4.2 OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH PROCESS ................................................ 92 4.3 RESEARCH APPROACH ................................................................................. 93 4.4 DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS ......................................................... 97 4.5 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF RESEARCH ........................................ 100 4.6 ETHICAL ISSUES ........................................................................................... 102 4.7 THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INNOVATIVE BUSINESS MODEL FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART AND SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES ... 103 4.8 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 104 CHAPTER 5 : THE KEY REASONS FOR IMPLEMENTING SMART AND SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES ................................................................................ 105 5.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 105 5.2 QATAR NATIONAL VISION 2030 ................................................................ 106 5.3 IMPROVED DECISION-MAKING ................................................................ 108 5.4 TO REDUCE OPERATING COST ................................................................. 109 5.5 TO IMPROVE WATER EFFICIENCY ........................................................... 110 5.6 TO IMPROVE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ...................................... 110 5.7 TO DEVELOP SAFE AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES .................... 111 5.8 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 113 CHAPTER 6 : SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES ADOPTED IN THE STATE OF QATAR ............................................................................................................ 115 6.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 115 6.2 SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ......................... 116 6.3 RENEWABLE ENERGY STRATEGIES ........................................................ 123 6.4 SUSTAINABLE SPORTS STRATEGIES ....................................................... 125 iii 6.5 RESOURCES EFFICIENCY STRATEGIES .................................................. 128 6.6 ELECTRIC VEHICLES (EVS) STRATEGIES ............................................... 130 6.7 INDUSTRY 4.0 STRATEGIES ....................................................................... 132 6.8 HEALTHCARE STRATEGIES ....................................................................... 133 6.9 SUSTAINABLE WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES .............. 135 6.10 SMART VILLAGE STRATEGIES ................................................................. 137 6.11 SUSTAINABLE MOBILE APPS .................................................................... 140 6.12 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 141 CHAPTER 7 : SMART CITIES STRATEGIES ADOPTED IN THE STATE OF QATAR ............................................................................................................ 149 7.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 149 7.2 SMART ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ..................................... 150 7.3 SMART WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ....................................... 152 7.4 SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ....................................... 152 7.5 SMART TRANSPORT STRATEGIES ........................................................... 155 7.6 SMART EDUCATION STRATEGIES ........................................................... 157 7.7 SMART BUILDING STRATEGIES ............................................................... 158 7.8 GOVERNANCE MODELS FOR SMART CITIES STRATEGIES ................ 159 7.9 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 161 CHAPTER 8 : MANAGING KNOWLEDGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SMART AND SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES ...................................................................... 165 8.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 165 8.2 SHARING KNOWLEDGE .............................................................................. 166 8.3 CAPTURING KNOWLEDGE ......................................................................... 168 8.4 INCENTIVES FOR KM ..................................................................................
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