Llanago, Old Radnor, Presteigne, Powys LD8 2RP T. 01544 350520 M. 07444 311421 info@thegriffi thsheritageconsultancy.co.uk www.thegriffi thsheritageconsultancy.co.uk

Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House, Nr Haltwhistle, Northumberland NE49 0PU

Conservation Statement

for Historic Chapels Trust

July 2016 Conservation Statement for Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House 1. Introduction

Historic Chapels Trust (HCT) is in the process of reviewing its Asset Management Plan. It gratefully acknowledges funding from Historic England to commission a series of conservation statements for all of its historic churches, chapels and meeting houses, of which this report is one.

A conservation statement is a summary of a heritage asset, including what it is, why it is important, what the current situation is and what needs to be done to look a er it in the future. It is o en done on the basis of existing knowledge, identifying any gaps or areas for future research.

 is conservation statement is based on the advice contained within: English Heritage’s (Historic England) (2008) Conservation Principles Policies and Guidance for the Sustaina- ble Management of the Historic Environment (London);  e Prince’s Regeneration Trust’s (2009) How to: Write Conservation Reports; and the second Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) guidance Conservation Management Plans (2004) (which includes advice on Conserva- tion Statements). It has been commissioned by Historic Chapels Trust and bene ts from the valuable input of local volunteers. It has been produced by  e Griffi ths Heritage Consultancy Ltd. All orientations are by the compass.

1.1 Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House

Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House, Nr Haltwhistle, Northumberland NE49 0PU

Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House (FMH) is located in a remote rural area of Northum- berland, about 2.5 miles east of Coanwood village, about 3 miles south of the main A69, Haltwhistle and Hadrian’s Wall and approximately midway between Carlisle and Hex- ham. It is within the North Pennines AONB which is also a UNESCO Global Geopark.

Fig. 2 Large scale location plans with inset showing Coanwood FMH next to Fig. 1 Location map, showing Coanwood Burn House in relation to the north of Britain. farm

Page 2 Conservation Statement for Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House

 e Meeting House is Grade II* Listed (list entry No. 1042914) and was rst listed in 1967. HCT is the freehold owner of the meeting house and burial ground and is a secu- lar charity dealing with places of worship of non-Anglican churches that are no longer in use by their religious denominations.  e meeting house is no long used as a regular place of worship, although a yearly meeting is still held there by the Hexham Quakers.  e site therefore falls under listed building and planning legislation.  ere is an active keyholder and a small, informally constituted committee that keeps a local eye on the meeting house, including members of the Wigham family. Supervision of basic mainte- nance, the organisation of events, grass cutting and so on are undertaken on an informal basis by local people.  ere are many local public rights of way and several of the trail lea ets produced by the North Pennines AONB take visitors close to or right past the meeting house.

2. Understanding

Some work has already been conducted regarding the history and development of Coan- wood Friends’ Meeting House. It is not the place here to repeat this but to summarise and use this information to inform the statement of signi cance. Useful resources for research are cited at the end of this document. A brief history and guide for the site has been produced and is available from HCT.

Coanwood is one of the oldest of the few meeting houses le in Northumberland and the only one not to have been ‘upgraded’ in the nineteenth century. It is of importance because it has survived virtually unaltered. It is a single storey rectangular building, built in the local vernacular with local squared coursed stone and rusticated quoins and dressings.  e roof is mostly slate and appears to have been replaced, although some of the roof timbers are of oak and may be reused from the original. A small stone lean-to addition at the east elevation contains an earth closet toilet. Also at the east end is a small stone chimney.  e rectangular burial ground lies to the south of the meeting house and contains several grave markers, although it is thought that the burial ground is full, mostly with unmarked graves.  e burial ground is surrounded on the west, south and east by dry stone walls, with a pedestrian gate in the south side.  e north and west of the meeting house are open to the surrounding elds. Burn House farm lies to the south west and a yard area to the south of the burial ground provides an informal parking area.

2.1 Development

Coanwood was perhaps originally ‘Collingwood’, meaning hazel trees or wood (Macdon- ald, 2010) or perhaps ‘Collan’s wood’ (Ellwood, 2015); Collan I and II being medieval provosts (thane, abbot or prior) of Hexham.

Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House was established in 1760 by Cuthbert Wigham (1704- 1780) - a man of local importance, with a large estate and ‘manorial privileges over two thousand eight hundred acres’ (cited in Dzierlenga, undated).  e Wighams were rst noted in the area in 1539 (Hexham Quakers, undated) but it is their later history which sees them inextricably linked with Coanwood FMH, from its establishment up to the present day.

In 1722 Cuthbert Wigham married Elizabeth Dixon in the parish church at Hexham, since at this period he was still a member of the established church. By all accounts Cuthbert enjoyed a debauched and immoral lifestyle, but by 1735 Cuthbert had become

Page 3 Conservation Statement for Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House a Quaker due to an incredible experience, recounted in Richardson’s 1848 account of the rise of the Coanwood Friends:

“When about thirty years of age, he was awakened to a sense of his sinful and dangerous condition, by an awful visitation. As he was returning one moonlight night from a card party, where he had been spending his precious time in dissipation, he was suddenly struck with blindness, and had to be led home.  ough in the course of a few hours a er reaching his habitation, his vision was restored, yet the circumstance produced a powerful eff ect upon his mind. . .  us becoming convinced of the blessed truth. . ., he was joined in religious fellowship with the Society of Friends.  is event took place about the year 1734.”

By 1735 Cuthbert had established a Friends’ meeting at his house and from 1753 he became a travelling preacher. In 1760 he bequeathed some land for the construction of a meeting house and burial ground.  e FMH at Coanwood, pretty much as we see it today, dates from this period. Cuthbert died in 1780 and is buried at the meeting house.

Mining in this area was on a relatively small scale until the Industrial Revolution - it boomed from the late 1700s to the late 1800s.  is period also saw a huge increase in the population as people came to the area for coal and lead mining. Life was hard for these miners and their families and they readily took to other forms of religion including Quakerism, a er the established church failed to provide for their needs. In the late 19th and early 20th the lead industry went into decline because of cheap imports and falling prices. Many families moved from the area at this time, o en emigrating to America or Australia.

Fig. 3 Ordnance Survey map from 1885 showing the meeting house and the number of closed quarries and coal sha s

In 1850 the Coanwood Reading Library opened at the Friends Meeting House, open- ing on Saturday evenings.  is was run initially by Robert Sharp the local schoolteacher from Tanpits (see map above) and it ran until 1909. However, Coanwood FMH was used by the Friends until 1960, when they moved to Hargill House.  e meeting house then became disused until it was taken into care by the Historic Chapels Trust in 1996. Exten- sive repair works were undertaken in 2002.

Page 4 Conservation Statement for Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House

2.2 Architectural Features

N

Fig. 4 Floorplan of Coanwood FMH showing main features (not to scale)© P.F. Ryder (extracted from Barnes 2015) 2.2.1 External Walls As with most Quaker buildings the Coanwood meeting house is delightfully simplistic in its design.  e four walls of the meeting house and the walls of the toilet lean-to are constructed of local stone, squared and coursed with rusticated slightly raised quoins and a plain chamfered plinth to the front south wall at the east end, which may indicate the original ground level.  e south wall only also has a plain cornice and contains the doorway, also with quoins and a plain ledged planked door with some early door furni- ture.  ere are three xed light windows with plain stone surrounds to the south, of tim- ber with Georgian style glazing of 12 panes.  e west gable wall is plain but with kneeler stones without coping.  is and the north wall receive the prevailing weather.  e rear north wall also has a rough plinth, again probably indicating the original ground level and a single box sash window of 16 panes and no horns.  e east wall is similar to the west gable except that it has the lean-to toilet structure and also shows evidence high up of a former lean-to on a much larger scale, which had a stone slate roof.  e small chim- ney rises from this gable.

Fig. 5 Early iron door ttings half hidden by a later repair

Fig. 6  e west gable

Page 5 Conservation Statement for Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House

Fig. 7  e north elevation - the darker area to the le may show where the original ground level was

Fig. 8  e west gable with toilet lean-to and remains of a former stone slate roof of a larger, now lost, lean-to structure

Fig. 9  e carved construction date on the door lintel in typical C18th script

Many areas of the external walls have either lost their pointing or have been repointed with a cement mortar.  e construction date of 1760 is carved into the lintel above the front door.

2.2.2 Roof

 e roof was re-slated in 2002 but retains a single line of stone slates on the south side. It has plain stone abutting ridge tiles. It is thought that the roof has been replaced at least once, although it is more likely that the original was a heather thatch and this was re- placed with stone slate, which in turn was replaced with slate tiles.  e kneelers indicate that there was once a coping which was lost when the pitch of the roof was altered. Inter- nally some oak timbers remain and these may be early or even reused original timbers.  e small stone chimney appears to have been rebuilt but is likely to be in the original position, since it corresponds to the inside replace.

2.2.3 Interior, furniture, xtures and ttings

 e interior of the meeting house is as simple as the exterior, it has plain plastered walls and ceiling except for the west wall which is lined with horizontal wide planks.  e structure is divided into two unequal rooms by a north-south partition, with the smaller room being to the east.

 e oor in the main room is of stone slabs with so wood oorboards in the smaller

Page 6 Conservation Statement for Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House chamber.  e partition is of un nished timber with top hung shutters and a four panel central door.  e partition is not an unusual feature of Quaker meeting houses, although this one survives in particularly good and original condition. It was used to divide the room so that the men and women could have separate business meetings, with the women in the smaller room with the replace. During services the shutters would be opened so that all could worship together.  ey are held up by simple hanging metal hooks, which are still in situ and in service at Coanwood.

Fig. 10  e open shutters allowed men and Fig. 11  e simple hanging metal hooks hold women to worship together.  e elder’s dais the shutters open can be seen at the west end  e smaller room has a small Georgian replace and a tted wall cupboard in so wood, which matches the partition, although it has been decorated.  ere is un nished so - wood wainscot panelling around the lower half of the walls.  ere is a simple wooden bench and a pew.  e main room has seven rows of plain un nished timber pews with a central aisle, some of which are not xed. At the back there is a xed bench against the partition on the north side. On the south side at the back a half height partition screens the back of the rear pew from the draught from the door. In the middle of the aisle the pews are shorter in length and there are small holes in the ags which are evidence of a stove which has since been removed.  e ue must have exited through the roof.  e pews are of an attractive but very plain style and some have undergone repair. Some of the pews have a slightly diff erent design, which may be the result of repair or of diff erent makers or that they were added in diff erent periods. Along the west wall is a raised dais or elder’s stand with a timber bench against the wall and a simple, two railed, balustrade with at- tached sloping foot bench and lower forward facing bench.

Fig. 12 and 13.  e pews and view of the main room.  e round table in the centre hides the evidence of a former stove Page 7 Conservation Statement for Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House

2.2.4 Setting: Burial Ground and Boundary Walls

 e burial ground is reportedly full, although grave markers are only present on the western side. Gravestones were prohibited in Quaker grounds in 1717.  is decision also requested the removal of those which had already been erected.  ough the total prohi- bition on burial headstones in Quaker burial grounds was later relaxed, typical Friends’ memorials are still deliberately simple and usually uniform across the whole burial ground, without distinction of rank.  ey are usually low simple round-headed stones, as they are here at Coanwood.  e marked graves are all of the Wigham family except one for Mary Had eld.  ey date from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and all of the inscriptions have been recorded. In addition the names are recorded of all those buried in unmarked graves.

 e burial ground has a central grassed pathway and many owering bulbs which give it a garden character and sense of charm.  e burial ground is surrounded on three sides by dry stone walls, with a small wooden gate at the south side. To the west are elds and the farmyard is to the south. On the east is a steep bank down to a river or burn (Park Burn) with a row of mature trees at the top of the bank against the wall.

Fig. 14  e burial ground, with its simple round headed grave markers, owering bulbs and dry stone walls. In the background are the entrance gate and farmyard to the south.

3. Signi cance

3.1 Overall Statement of Signi cance

One of the oldest surviving Northumbrian Quaker meeting houses and the only one to have survived with its mid eighteenth century fabric, xtures and ttings virtually unaltered. Founded by an early and important Quaker family, who have continued their connection with the site to the present day.

Page 8 Conservation Statement for Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House

3.2 Supporting Information for Overall Statement of Signi cance

Feature Evidential Value Historic value Aesthetic value Communal value  e meeting MEDIUM HIGH HIGH HIGH house as a whole, inc. setting

 e survival of the eighteenth century Coanwood Friends Meeting House without sub- stantial change is one of its primary areas of signi cance. Its architecture is indicative of Quaker simplicity of design and the vernacular building practices of the area.

 e location provides evidence of a strong Quaker interest in the area and the rise and fall of the mining industry during the Industrial Revolution.  e materials and work- manship are demonstrative of local vernacular building practices and of the ethos of Quaker building design. Evidence of changes over time can be clearly read in the fabric of the building. As evidence of an relatively unaltered eighteenth century meeting house, and the only one in Northumberland to escape the Victorian passion for ‘upgrading’, its historic value is high.

 e Wigham family connection gives it regional historic value and the age of the build- ing and its longevity provide historic context and group value with the neighbouring historic buildings. It has connections with the historic beginnings of Quakerism in the area and the fabric is of historic interest.

Coanwood FMH does not have the grandeur of architecture of some of the oldest and most important religious buildings in England; however, its simplicity and charm, the use of local natural materials and its modest proportions and scale all provide for a pic- turesque building. It positively contributes to its location.  e grounds are also attractive and secluded.  e peace and calm within the grounds and the building add to the appre- ciation of its purpose, design and location.

 e continued, although now only occasional, use of the building by the Hexham Quak- ers demonstrates an established and extensive history of Quaker practice.  ere is a small Friends group and occasional use of the building for Quaker meetings and other small events. Walkers in this area o en visit the building and there are occasional cra events and art installations.

3.3 Features of Interest

Feature Evidential Value Historic value Aesthetic value Communal value External MEDIUM HIGH HIGH HIGH walls  e walls provide evidence of local vernacular building traditions and of course pro- vided shelter for meetings and now events and visitors.  ere is some potential within the building fabric for understanding the alterations which took place at the eastern end of the building.  e walls also provide some evidence of the changes to the roof and to ground levels over time.  e survival of an early earth closet type toilet is of historic interest and has some potential evidential value. Early ttings such as the north window and the ironmongery on the door are of historic interest.  e south elevation has been

Page 9 Conservation Statement for Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House designed with slightly more elaborate dressings and details demonstrating: a concern for its appearance; the importance of the welcoming elevation; and its location away from the prevailing weather.  e construction date carved on the door lintel is of interest.

Feature Evidential Value Historic value Aesthetic value Communal value Roof MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM

 e roof may retain original timbers and have potential to provide evidence of the changes to the roof structure and its materials over time.  ese changes are indicative of changing vernacular traditions and may help with understanding more about the history of the building.

Feature Evidential Value Historic value Aesthetic value Communal value Interior, LOW HIGH HIGH HIGH furniture, xtures and ttings

 e ag stone oor is aesthetically attractive and tting for the age of this building. It retains evidence of a former stove and therefore some indication of the early conditions in which the building was used.  e division between the rooms and their historical pur- poses demonstrate a typical aspect of Quaker life.  e partition survives in an extremely good and unaltered condition.  e pews, dais and decoration are of a suitable rural and low key design and absolutely typical and appropriate for a Quaker meeting house.  e ttings demonstrate the logistics of Quaker meetings and the use of the building.  e simplicity of the interior shows how little the Quakers needed for their meetings and their general lack of materialism.  e Georgian replace is of historic interest.  e inte- rior has a sense of tranquillity and vernacular charm.

Feature Evidential Value Historic value Aesthetic value Communal value Setting: bur- MEDIUM HIGH HIGH HIGH ial ground and bound- ary walls

 e location of the chapel is interesting with its historical links to the Industrial Revolu- tion and the rise and decline of the mining industry in this area.  e burial ground and its surroundings is delightful aesthetically and typical of Quaker tradition. It clearly has community value for the relatives of those buried here, especially the Wigham family, some of whom still live in the area. If the burial ground is full, as reported, with many unmarked graves, there is a high potential for human remains, and this should be taken into account with regard to any future plans for the building. It seems unlikely that there is any other archaeological potential on the site, except perhaps at the east end of the building.  e boundary walls are typical of the local vernacular and provide shelter and protection for the burial ground as well as clearly de ning its extent.

4. Condition, Issues, Capacity for Change and Opportunities

A fabric condition survey has recently been commissioned by the HCT, as part of their review of their Asset Management Plan, to be produced by Michael Atkinson Architec-

Page 10 Conservation Statement for Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House ture & Heritage. A previous survey by John Barnes from 2015 has been used to inform this report. It will be useful to identify here where the condition of the fabric or features of interest aff ects their signi cance or value and any other issues of note.  is has been used in conjunction with the above tables to identify capacity for change to inform fu- ture re-use of the meeting house.

Some authorities see the identi cation of capacity for change as justi cation for inappro- priate works or removal of historic fabric. Where a feature or building has been identi- ed as having a high or moderate capacity this does not necessarily mean that the feature or building has no value and all care should be taken to undertake change in a sensitive and informed manner.  e identi cation of capacity for change should be used only as a guide and in conjunction with the policies set out below, in local development plans and national legislation and guidance. It is strongly advised that input from quali ed, accred- ited and experienced conservation and other specialists is used to inform decisions and to carry out works. Listed Building Consent (LBC) and / or Planning Permission (PP) or other permissions may be required for certain works.

 e numbering system in the tables below has been adopted from Princes Regeneration Trust (2009) How to: Write Conservation Reports:

Capacity for Change 7, 8 Very low capacity Highly fragile and very vulnerable to change and neglect. Only for change capable of accepting minimal interventions carried out with great care if these avoid compromising signi cance. A conser- vation approach is needed. 5, 6 Low capacity for Vulnerable to change and neglect. Capable of accepting some change changes if these avoid compromising signi cance. A conserva- tion approach needed. 3, 4 Moderate capac- Capable of accepting a number of changes without compromis- ity for change ing signi cance. Signi cance must inform proposals. 1, 2 High capacity for Very major or major interventions possible without compro- change mise to signi cance.

4.1  e Meeting House as a Whole

Feature Capacity for Notes Change  e Meeting 7  e overall form of the building will accept little capac- House as a Whole ity for change if it is to retain its signi cance.  ere are LBC however opportunities for change of use and the sensitive PP adaptation of the building to support this and possibly minor alteration, for example to accommodate new uses, providing a conservation approach is adopted.  ere are opportunities for increasing public engagement and use of the site by building on the existing programme of events. Some minor changes might be possible providing they are based on a thorough understanding of their impact on the signi cance of the building and providing they contribute overall to enhancing the value of the meeting house.  e overall signi cance of the meeting house is under threat because of damp ingress and related damage to the walls and internal ttings. Page 11 Conservation Statement for Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House

4.2 Features of Interest

Feature Capacity for Notes Change External walls 6  e signi cance of the walls is under threat due to their condition (e.g. pointing, windows, structural LBC cracking). Any repairs should only be conducted PP a er the walls have been archaeologically recorded to ensure that any evidential value is not lost.  ere are few opportunities for change to the walls ex- cept perhaps at the east end where there may be precedent for an extension, should it be required.  e earth closet should, however, be retained. Any damage or alteration to the detailing on the external walls should be avoided. Roof 5  e roof has probably been replaced twice but it is possible that some early timbers remain and that LBC there may be evidence of former roof styles and PP coverings.  e main timbers inside are of some historic value and dating them would further aid their understanding. Any further works should use appropriate materials and retain the stone slates and gable kneelers. Should the roof timbers prove ad- equate it might be appropriate to return to a former roof covering, if required. Interior: furni- 6  e signi cance of the interior comes from its sim- ture, xtures and ple charm and original xtures and ttings.  ese ttings LBC should be retained; however, their signi cance is being damaged due to damp issues which may lead to their loss if not remedied.  e partition is of great importance and should not be altered.  ere is some capacity for moving furniture to enable events to take place but it is highly desirable that all furni- ture and the original layout is retained. Heating and ventilating the interior regularly will be important once repairs to the building have been undertaken, to ensure the survival of these interior features. It should be possible to provide appropriate small scale additional storage within the building if this were required.

Page 12 Conservation Statement for Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House

Setting: burial 4 For the sake of the community it would of course ground and be desirable to retain the burial ground as it is.  e boundary walls LBC boundary walls suff er from damage from nearby PP trees and regular repair is required to keep them in good condition and retain their protection of the burial ground. It would not be suitable to change their design or materials since these are typical landscape features.  e rural location and open elds provide a suitable and idyllic setting. Any nearby major development in these areas should be resisted. Should the car parking become an issue for the site, there might be opportunities to use an adjacent area if suitably surfaced and subtly de ned.  ere are opportunities for small additions, such as a storage shed or interpretation, providing it was appropriately scaled and designed and of suitable materials and did not disturb any graves or ‘clutter’ the burial ground. Gravestones should be retained and kept in good condition.  e records relating to the graves should be deposited in a suitable locale such as the County archives or local Historic Envi- ronment Record.

5. Outline Policies and Actions

Policy HCT CMH01. To preserve and enhance the signi cance of Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House by adopting this Conservation Statement.

Policy HCT CMH02. To continue to maintain, repair and conserve the meeting house and its features using appropriate conservation materials and recognised good practice.

Policy HCT CMH03. To continue to use quali ed, accredited and experienced conserva- tion and other specialists to advise on future works or specialist repair.

Policy HCT CMH04. To continue to support and consult with the Friends of Coanwood Meeting House, the local community and other stakeholders regarding future plans and re-use of the meeting house.

Policy HCT CMH05. To nd appropriate and sustainable re-uses of the meeting house to ensure its nancial security, future maintenance and encourage public access whilst retain- ing the signi cance of the site. To support and submit funding bids to achieve this policy.

Policy HCT CMH06. To facilitate and encourage engagement and understanding of the meeting house by the local and wider community as a means of ensuring it is valued as a building and historic site.

Policy HCT CMH07: To consider the desirability of working with partners to further investigate the survival extent of historic roo ng materials and features and the changes to the east end.

Page 13 Conservation Statement for Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House

Policy HCT CMH08: To ensure the records relating to the burial ground are deposited with a suitable and publicly accessible archive or record.

Policy HCT CMH09: To monitor relevant planning applications, local planning policy documents, and developments to safeguard the listed building and its setting.

Policy HCT CMH10: To undertake archaeological recording of the external walls prior to any repairs or alterations which may destroy or hide evidential features.

6. Adoption and Review

 is statement will be adopted by Historic Chapels Trust and shared with stakeholders to be used to inform regular maintenance, future funding bids, and speci cations for future conservation or development works. It is recommended that this Statement is reviewed or updated every ve years or when there is a substantial change for the building, setting, ownership or any of its features.

7. Acknowledgements

 e Griffi ths Heritage Consultancy gratefully acknowledges Historic England for fund- ing this report and the assistance and support of the staff of Historic Chapels Trust and the Friends of Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House in the preparation of this report. In particular thanks go to Roland Jeff ery and Richard Macdonald for their time and assis- tance and access to their research.

7. References and Bibliography

 e following are sources which have been used to inform this study and for further reading and research. It is not necessarily a complete list of the resources available for this site and additional sources can be found via local Quaker groups and local archives.

Barnes, J (2015) Friends Meeting House Coanwood, Haltwhistle Northumberland NE49 0PX: PERIODIC FABRIC CONDITION SURVEY. JABA Architect. Penrith.

Durham County Council & Northumberland County Council (2012) Keys to the Past: Friends Meeting House (Coanwood) [http://www.keystothepast.info/Pages/pgDetail. aspx?PRN=N63382] Accessed 10/05/2016

Dzierlenga, D (undated) Needleprint: More Beautiful Books. Mary Wigham’s Life and Family [http://www.needleprint.com] Accessed 01/07/2016

Ellwood, S (2015) River Tyne. Amberley Publishing. Stroud

Greenhow, I & Monckton, L (undated) Quaker Meeting Houses Assessed. [https://histori- cengland.org.uk/whats-new/research/quaker-meeting-houses/2] Accessed 11/07/2016.

Hexham Quakers (undated) Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House, Northumberland [http:// www.hexhamquakers.org.uk/Coanwood2.htm2] Accessed 01/07/2016

Historic England (2000) Listing description: Friends Meeting House at NY710589 (List Entry No. 1042914). London Page 14 Conservation Statement for Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House

Historic Chapels Trust (undated) A Brief Guide to Coanwood Friends’ Meeting House. London

Macdonald, R (2010) Coanwood - local history [http://slaggyford.securespsites.com/knarsdale/ coanwood/Shared] Accessed 01/07/2016

Methodist Heritage (undated) A Dales Journey: in the footsteps of John Wesley

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