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Church-St-Main-St-Roscommon KNOW YOUR 5 km. Plot at Church Street and Old Gaol Street Roscommon Town By Vincent Delany F.R.I.A.I., M.A.(Hist.) 1 1.0. INTRODUCTION During the third Covid 19 lockdown, Roscommon County Council along with ‘Our Irish Heritage’ and ‘The National Museum of Ireland’ and ‘Heritage Ireland’ encouraged citizens to investigate and research the heritage located within five kilometres of their residences. My investigation looks at a modest rectangular urban plot of land located at the junction of the streets now known as Main Street and Church Street, close to the centre of Roscommon Town, Co. Roscommon. If the centre of Roscommon Town is the Market Square and the Bank of Ireland, the 2,175m2 site under investigation is located at the opposite end of Main Street, lower down the hill. The rectangular site is dimensioned at about 28.5 m. facing onto Main Street by 76.0m. facing onto Church Street. Although I am not a resident of Roscommon town, I do work in Roscommon Town and as somebody with an interest in the town, I believe I qualify to put in an entry. I have a selection of useful research material on my computer as well as being able to access material on-line, such as the Irish Census and Griffith valuations. This project intends to analyse what is known about and what is the significance of the site. 2.0. A CHURCH STREET SITE AT THE FIRST MILLENNIUM. Without excavation beneath the houses of Roscommon Town, evidence is hard to find to support what was happening on our chosen site around the year 1000 A.D.. What we do know is that St. Coman’s eighteenth century Church of Ireland church building was built on the the site of the former monastery building of St Coman’s monastery. Burials in the graveyard outside the church date back at least to the 9th century (see National Monuments Service below). The discovery of burials beneath houses on the west side of Goff Street (Formerly Pudding Street/ My Lady’s Lane) have revealed that the graveyard extended some distance beyond its current confines. It is possible that the graveyard once extended as far from the monastic buildings as Church Street. The monastery is described by Michael Moore of the ‘National Monuments Service’ as follows: 2 National Monuments Service Record Number: RO039-043006- Classification: Religious house - Augustinian canons Scheduled for Protection: 1 Description: Situated on a gentle South East -facing slope within Roscommon town. The monastery was founded by St Comán, supposedly a disciple of St Finnian of Clonard, in the 6th century. Comán was a son of Faolchú and is reliably connected with the Dál nAraidhe of north-east Ulster. He died in 747 A.D. and his feast day is celebrated on 26th December. The 'law of St Comán' was proclaimed over much of Connaught in 771, 779 and 792 A.D. (Ó Rian 2011, 216-7). The monastery may have been raided by the Vikings in 807 (AU, 263), but this is unlikely. However, it was burnt in 823 and again in 1134. The processional cross known as the cross of Cong was made for this church, possibly at the church, in 1123 as a gift from Turlough O'Conor. The church became the diocesan centre after the Synod of Kells in 1152, but this honour had been moved to Elphin (RO016-127001-) by 1172. The Augustinian Rule was adopted c. 1140 A.D., and the church continued in use as an Augustinian house until the Dissolution of the Monasteries, although the dedication may have changed to St. Mary's in the 13th century when it might also have had a community of nuns. Coarbs continue into the thirteenth century at least. It was plundered by the de Burgos in 1204 and 1260, and was burnt in 1235 and 1247 and 1360 (Gwynne and Hadcock 1970, 191-2, 323). After the monastery was suppressed c. 1540 its land was granted to Sir Nicholas Malby (Hoare 2014), who transformed the Castle (RO039-043006-) into the fortified house (RO039-043010-) also on the site today. The monastery consisted of at least one stone church and a round tower, which was burnt in 1050 A.D. by the men of Breiffne (AFM vol. 2, 859). It is described as a ruined church, hall and cloister in 1578 (Bradley and Dunne 1988a, 97-8). It was centered on the site now occupied by the Church of Ireland church of St. Comán, which was built in the 18th century and where some fragments of transitional 12th century masonry (RO039-043008-) are incorporated into the tower. The head of a 13th century lancet window is kept within the church. The present east gable has a three-light decorated window, much of which is original, while internally its embrasure has a decorated surround with pinnacles, dating from c. 1450. Inside the church there is a wall memorial to the Gunnings of Castlecoote dated 1717 that might have been moved from Fuerty church (RO039-063001-), and to Lovelaces of Ballybride dated 1723. There is also a wall memorial (RO039-043017-) dated 1696 to John and Catherine Fleming of Roscommon, although it may have been moved to here. An inscribed slab (dims 0.93m x 0.41-0.65m; T 0.06-0.15m) (RO039-043009-) which dates to the 9th century asks for a blessing on Ioseph and is now in the Roscommon County Museum. A cross-slab (RO039-043016-) (dims 1m x 0.7m; max. T 0.13m) decorated with the stem of a cross and traces of ring also has a panel of interlace and roundels at the edge of the stone (Siggins, 1996; Barton 1996). The latter was moved to a position against the south wall of the present church in 2013. Both were found in the rectangular graveyard (RO039-043007-) (dims c. 80m E-W; c. 45m N-S) which also contains fragments of the masonry of a large Gothic window, and a cross- slab (RO039-043028-) with a crudely-incised Latin cross and a single-line ring is used as 3 a grave-marker. Human bones were uncovered in Goff St. to the E c. 1917. The holy well of St. Comán's Vat (RO039-047----) is c. 600m to the NW. Compiled by: Michael Moore Date of revised upload: 17 December, 2014 This report by Michael Moore suggests that the original site of St. Com푎́ns Monastery may have extended as far as the castle site at the top of the town, and certainly included the site on Main Street/ Church Street currently under investigation. It is quite likely that stone and other material from the monastery buildings could be located under the Main Street/ Church Street site. 3.0 THE SITE IN THE SECOND QUARTER OF THE 18th CENTURY In the 1970s, a map of the Town of Roscommon from 1736 was found in a Solicitor’s office in Dublin. On inspection, it turned out that the map had been prepared by one Francis Plunkett, Surveyor. This map clearly shows the Main Street / Church Street plot represented with the number ‘20’. The map must have been prepared on behalf of the then landlords and owners of the town, who were: i) Elizabeth Countess Dowager of Kildare (1665-1758) daughter and co-heir of Richard Jones, 1st. Earl of Ranelagh. ii) Lady Frances Hanbury-Williams (1735-1759), daughter and co-heir of Richard Jones, 1st. Earl of Ranelagh. iii) Charles Hanbury-Williams (1709-1759), husband of Frances Hanbury- Williams. This report relates to Plott No. 20. The street on the right is Main Street/ Old Gaol Street, while the narrower road to the south of the site is Church Street which once formed a route connecting the two major religious foundations of Roscommon, St. Coman’s Monastery and the Dominican Friary. The map is not drawn to a stated scale. 4 iv) George Bishop of Exeter (1684-1762). On Plunkett’s 1736 map of Roscommon Town, each site is allocated a number or letter which refers to the various plots leased from the landlords listed at (i) to (iv) above, and is states the tenant’s name and the area of the plott: Plott 19. Leased to William Connors. Area of site 1 rood and 0 perches. (It consists of two single storey houses on Old Gaol Street and large rectangular garden behind). Plott 20. Leased to Patrick Kelly. Area 2 roods and 20 perches. (It consists of one large two storey house on Old Gaol Street and six cabins on Church Street). Plott 21. Leased to Richard Birmingham. Area 1 rood and 20 perches). It consists of one cabin and a rectangular garden surrounding it). Several significant features can be observed on this map: 1) The historic town gate at the south end of Main Street/ Old Gaol Street was still in place. This gate effectively separated the Gaelic town and monastery to the south from the ‘English’ town and its castle to the north. 2) It is possible that there had been a gaol in the old gate, and it is for this reason that the adjoining street (now Main Street) was at that time called Old Gaol Street. 3) It is worth noting that of the three tenants of the Ranelagh Estate, Connors (plot 19) and Kelly (plot 20) are Irish names and Birmingham (plot 21) an English name. the two Irish tenants are located in the English town and the English tenant seems to be in the Irishtown. In other words, the two populations had merged by the 1730s.
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