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Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Dolichopodinae) of Singapore, with New Species from Mangroves

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Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Dolichopodinae) of Singapore, with New Species from Mangroves THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2007 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2007 55(1): 49-62 Date of Publication: 28 Feb.2007 © National University of Singapore PARACLIUS (DIPTERA: DOLICHOPODIDAE: DOLICHOPODINAE) OF SINGAPORE, WITH NEW SPECIES FROM MANGROVES Lili Zhang Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China Ding Yang Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, P. R. China (Corresponding author) Patrick Grootaert Department of Entomology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium ABSTRACT. – Nine species of Paraclius are reported from Singapore. The following seven Paraclius species are described as new to science: P. asiobates new species, P. crassatus, new species, P. digitatus, new species, P. obtus, new species, P. polychaetus, new species, P. serratus, new species and P. singaporensis, new species. All these new species were collected in mangrove habitats and are assigned to a new species group: the singaporensis-group. P. adligatus Becker, 1922, is recorded from Singapore for the first time and re-described. The presence of P. abbreviatus Becker, 1922, originally described from Singapore could not be confirmed. A key to the males of the nine Singaporean Paraclius is provided. KEY WORDS. – Diptera, Dolichopodidae, Paraclius, new species, mangrove, Singapore. INTRODUCTION supposed to live there as is shown by the present study of a small area like Singapore. Paraclius Loew, 1864, is a cosmopolitan genus of the subfamily Dolichopodinae, with highest species diversity in Evenhuis & Grootaert (2002) found five Paraclius species the tropics. The number of Paraclius species in the Palaearctic from Singapore in the collections of the Raffles Museum for Region and the Australian Region remained stable during Biodiversity Research, but only one species was bearing a recent years, with respectively one and 22 species (Negrobov, name: P. abbreviatus Becker. All have been revised here. 1991; Bickel & Dyte, 1989). Brooks (2005) transferred all 75 Afrotropical Paracleius (Grichanov, 2004) to In the present paper we mainly focused on Paraclius from Pelastoneurus according to the case 3130 of I. C. Z. N. (2004). mangroves in Singapore. Seven species are described as new Grichanov (pers. comm.) however, questions this transfer and to science. Paraclius adligatus Becker, 1922, is recorded from he suggests that Paraclius and Pelastoneurus should be Singapore for the first time. The presence of P. abbreviatus, revised in detail. Presently, there are fifteen species known originally described by Becker (1922) from Singapore, is not from the Nearctic Region (Pollet et al., 2004) and 55 species confirmed. A key to the males of the nine species of Paraclius from the Neotropical Region (Robinson, 1970). Thirty-five of Singapore is presented. species are known from the Oriental Region (Becker, 1922; Dyte, 1975; Lin & Chen, 1999; Oleijnícek,ˇ 2003). In addition to the six species already known from Taiwan (Becker, 1922), MATERIAL AND METHODS fifteen Paraclius were recently described from Oriental China (Henan, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan provinces) by Yang Material was collected by sweep netting (5–13 October 2000, (1996, 1998), Yang & Li (1998), Yang & Grootaert (1999), 4–13 December 2002, 19 November–11 December 2003 and and Yang & Saigusa (1999a, b, 2001). Finally, Zhang et al. March–July 2005) and with Malaise traps (November– (2004) recently reported Paraclius planitarsis from Hainan December 2003 and a 10-month period in 2005: March– Island (China). Major parts of the Oriental Region are still December 2005). The Malaise traps were operated at poorly investigated and many undescribed species are following sites in Singapore: Bukit Timah (secondary rain 49 Zhang et al.: Paraclius of Singapore forest at site of sampling), Sime forest (rain forest), Nee Soon club-shaped (Fig. 32) ............ P. singaporensis, new species (swamp forest), Sungei Buloh (mangroves) and Pulau Ubin – Mid and hind femur with a row of 10 ventral bristles; aedeagus (mangroves). with denticles (Fig. 29); cercus ovoid (Fig. 28) ....................... .......................................................... P. serratus, new species The material is stored in alcohol in the collections of the Raffles Museum for Biodiversity Research (ZRC: Zoological Reference Collection), Singapore, the Royal Belgian Institute TAXONOMY of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Brussels and voucher specimens are kept in the Institute of Zoology (IOZ), Beijing. Paraclius abbreviatus Becker, 1922 For each record a register number is given (register number Paraclius abbreviatus Becker, 1922: 15. Type localities – 2 females : in database linked to collection data such as locality, date, Assam, Sylhet (West Pakistan); Nepal, Tharbani (in Ind. Mus. collector, habitat). In addition, an inventory number (e.g. Calcutta); 1 male, Singapore (Hung. Nat. Hist. Mus.). Si200) indicates where the specimens can be found in the wet collection. Remarks. – Following diagnosis is compiled according to Becker’s description: Frons and face wide, latter not wider All fresh material was collected by Patrick Grootaert (coll. than first flagellomere. Antenna yellowish brown, first PG) and specimens were identified either by Lili Zhang (det. flagellomere 1.5 times as long as wide with apical half LZ), or P. Grootaert (det. PG.). A few specimens present in darkened. Postocular bristles yellowish. Legs including all the dry collection of the Raffles Museum have been included coxae yellowish; hind femur with 2 preapical bristles. Vein as well. M1+2 with apical bent convex toward wing border and running parallel to it. Hypopygium small, yellowish brown, with 2 The following abbreviations are used: acr-acrostichal bristles, long strap-shaped appendages (cercus?). Length 3.5–4.0 mm. ad-anterodorsal bristle(s), av-anteroventral bristle(s), dc- dorsocentral bristles, LI-fore leg, LII-mid leg, LIII-hind leg, We did not see the type material and suppose that the single pd-posterodorsal bristle(s), pv-posteroventral bristle(s), v- male known, recorded from Singapore, is lost (pers. comm. ventral bristle(s). by L. Papp). Evenhuis and Grootaert (2002) quote a number of specimens from Singapore identified as P. abbreviatus by D. H. Murphy (ZRC). However none of these specimens fit Key to Paraclius (males) of Singapore to the description of Becker (1922) compiled above. They most probably represent a yet undescribed species and their 1. Scutellum with 4 bristles; hind femur with 2 preapical, revision is pending on the collection of fresh material. anterodorsal bristles (freshwater habitats) ................................ ............................................................. P. abbreviatus Becker – Scutellum with 6 bristles; hind femur with 1 preapical, anterodorsal bristle ................................................................ 2 Paraclius adligatus Becker, 1922 2. Femora entirely black (freshwater habitats) ............................. (Figs. 1–4) ................................................................. P. adligatus Becker – Femora at most with black tip (mangrove) .......................... 3 Paraclius adligatus Becker, 1922: 13 (type locality: Taiwan). 3. Cercus with a subapical notch (Fig. 11), bearing a long curved bristle .............................................. P. crassatus, new species Material examined. – SINGAPORE: 2 males, 2 females, Nee Soon, – Cercus without subapical notch, bearing bristles of subequal size 19 Apr.2005, swamp forest, sweep netting (25070, coll. PG, det. ............................................................................................... 4 LZ, Si721, ZRC); 4 males, Clementi Woods, 15 Mar.2005, park, 4. Cercus yellow, elongate triangular with brown, clavate marginal sweep netting (25014, coll. PG, det. LZ, Si453); 1 male, 1 female, bristles (Fig. 6) ................................ P. asiobates new species Nee Soon, 4 Dec.2002, swamp forest, sweep netting (22054, coll. – Cercus mainly brown to black, without clavate bristles ...... 5 PG, det. LZ, Si304). 5. First flagellomere elongated, at least twice as long as wide ... CHINA: 1 male, Hainan: Baihe, 2 Mar.1959 (coll. Gentao Jin, det. ............................................................................................... 6 LZ). – First flagellomere not elongated, at most 1.5 times as long as wide ....................................................................................... 8 The male type conserved in the Hungarian Natural History Museum 6. Mid femur with row of 8 ventral bristles; cercus with long is presumed to be lost (L. Papp pers. comm.). The other syntypic basoventral process (Fig. 15); aedeagus without denticles (Fig. material are females. 16) ................................................... P. digitatus, new species – Mid femur with 1-4 long ventral bristles near base; cercus Diagnosis. – Antenna black, first flagellomere twice as long without basoventral process; aedeagus with denticles ......... 7 as wide; arista with basal segment 0.25 times as long as apical 7. Hind femur with 5 ventral bristles; mid femur with 1 long ventral segment. All coxae and femora black. Apex of hind tibia and bristle on basal third and no spinules at base; fore tarsus entire hind tarsus black. Mid and hind femora with black completely yellow ...................... P. polychaetus, new species – Hind femur without ventral bristles; mid femur with 3-4 long ventral bristles (shorter than femur is wide).
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