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Back Matter (PDF) Index Page numbers in italics refer to Figures or Tables. accommodation space 1-3 results discussed 164-7 Aegiranum marine band 50-1, 61,238 boron in coal 151 Ajka coalfield 300 brachiopods 61, 85, 289 history of mining 299 Breathitt Group 5, 8, 9 mine ash geochemistry Bristol and Somerset coalfield 18 methods of analysis 300 brown coal 190, 191 results 300-3 see also lignite results discussed 303-4 bunkers 24 Alaska 222 Alberta 222 analcime 315, 316, 317 cadmium in coal 154 Anatolia see Beypazari Lignite Basin Calamites 59, 69 anthracitization 256 calcite 151, 186 Anthracoceras 60 calorific value 175, 257 Anthracocerites 60 Cambriense marine band 51 Anthracomya 89 Campine Basin 215-16 Anthraconaia 61, 85 depositional environment 216-20 Anthracosia 61 Westphalian A/B 220 antimony in coal 154 Westphalian C 220-6 Arenicolites 61, 62 palaeogeography 227-30 arsenic in coal 151, 154 seismic studies 226-7 Asfordby coalfield 18 Canada 222 Ashover anticline 118 CanceUatum marine band 79 Atchafalaya Basin 60 cank 32 attrinite 312 cannel coal 55, 106 Australia 222 Canonbie coalfield 18 Ayrshire coalfield 18 carbon tax 200-1 Carbonicola 62, 85 Carbonita 62 bassanite 185 Castlegate Sandstone 11 bedding planes, effect on stability of 23545 ~ayirhan lignites Belgium, energy imports 196, 198 ash content 317-19 see also Campine Basin depositional environment 312-15 Beypazari Lignite Basin mineral content 315-17 t~ayirhan lignites palynology 312 ash content 317-19 petrography 310-12 depositional environment 312-15 quality 315 mineral content 315-17 stratigraphy 310 palynology 312 sulphur distribution 319-20 petrography 310-12 sulphur origin 320-1 quality 315 Central Scottish coalfield 18 stratigraphy 3 t 0 channel bank collapse 120-1 sulphur distribution 319-20 channel facies 130, 130 sulphur origin 320-1 major 130 geological setting 308-10 description 66-7 history of research 307-8 effect on mine planning 32-3 bioturbation 62 geometry 52 bismuth in coal 151 geotechnical properties 26 bituminous coal 55, 190, 191 interpretation 67 bivalves 61, 62, 65, 85, 289 sedimentary discontinuities 124, 125 Blackhawk Formation 9 minor 130 boghead coal 55 description 67-8 Bohemia see Kladno Basin effect on mine planning 33-4 borehole seismic surveys geometry 52 methods 160, 163 geotechnical properties 26 results 160-3, 163-4 interpretation 67-8 326 INDEX sedimentary discontinuities 124, 125 deep mining chlorite 187 exploration stage 21-2 chromium in coal 151 forecasting conditions clarain 55-6 data evaluation 35 clarodurain 55-6 drivage horizon selection 39-40 Clay Cross (Vanderbeckei) marine band 49, 61,238 face location 39 clay minerals 151 facies distribution 36-9 clay mylonite 235 facies recognition 35-6 cleat 236, 256 seam correlation 35 cleat fractures 102-3 verification 40-1 coal, NCB characterization of 55 operational development 22-4 coalbed methane (CBM) in Britain use of facies analysis 24-34 degasification controls delta facies see lacustrine delta facies basin inversion 258 Denmark, energy imports 196, 198 faulting 258-9 densinite 178, 312 hydrogeology 259 Densosporites 56 in situ stress 259 detrohuminite 312 estimated reserves 251,259-60 dickite 186, 187 extraction economics 262 dinting 30 formation, factors affecting dirt 55 cleat effects 256 dirt bands 122 coalification effects 25445 discontinuities, sedimentary composition 254 effect on face stability 122-5 magrnatic effects 256 effect on groundwater 126 pressure 256-8 orientation of 131 volume 254 dolomite 186 identifying prospects 261-2 drill rig penetrometer 99 production controls 260-1 coal friability measurement 106-8 provenance 253-4 methods 108-11 sources 251-3 results 111-13 coalification 254-6 Dunbarella 60 cobalt in coal 151, 154 durain 55-6 Cochlichnus 62 Durham coalfield 18 compaction 121-2, 126-7, 281-3 dust monitoring 181 conchoidal fractures 103 Ffos Las project copper in coal 151, 154 methods 181-3 (~oraklar Formation 309 results 183-7 Cordaites 69 corpohuminite 312 Cottingley Crow Coal 83 East Fife coalfield 18 crassidurain 54, 56 East Midlands coalfields 8 Crawshaw Sandstone 10, 11 East Pennine coalfield Cretaceous coals 299 cleat mineralization 256 crevasse splay facies 128, 129-30 coal quality 213 description 70 degasification 258 effect on mine planning 34 geological continuity 213-14 geometry 52 production figures 207-8 geotechnical properties 26 recovery rates 211-13 interpretation 70-1 setting 208-10 mapping 38-9 central zone 210 sedimentary discontinuities 124, 125 eastern zone 210-11 cross-hole seismic reflection survey western zone 210 methods 160 stratigraphy 211 results 160-3 easy slip thrusting (EST) 101-2 results discussed 164-7 Edale Gulf 80 crush 30 energy policy, European Community 195-6 Cumberland Group 222 competition 201 Cumbria coalfield 18 energy imports 196 Curvimula 289 energy management 197-9 cutinite 312, 314 environmental implications 200-1 Czech Republic import dependency 196-7 coal reserves 191-4 policy evolution 199-200 history of coal consumption 189-90 role of coal 201-3 history of energy consumption 190-1 Etruria Formation 51 INDEX 327 eu-ulminite 178, 312 styles 102-3 European Community energy policy 195-6 France, energy imports 196, 198 competition 201 friability energy imports 196 causes 99 energy management 197-9 methods of measurement 106-8 environmental implications 200-1 S Wales coalfield study 99-101 import dependency 196-7 fracture effects 104-5 policy evolution 199-200 fracture patterns and styles 102-3 role of coal 201-3 fracture processes 101-2 evaporite 310, 321 fracture/petrography relations 105-6 Exxon Production Research (EPR) sequence methods 108-11 stratigraphy see sequence stratigraphy results 111-13 significance of results 113-14 fusain 55-6 Fabasporites 56 fusinite 151, 312, 314 face location optimization of 39 relation to channels 23 Gainsborough Trough 80 facies analysis 18, 19-21, 51-2, 117 gannister 26, 30, 58 Kladno Basin gas content map 252 basement-U Radnice seam 273 see also coalbed methane Green Tuff-M Lubnfi seam 277-8 Gastrioceras 85 L Lubn~ seam-Green Tuff 276-7 Geisina 62 M Lubnfi seam-U Lubnfi seam 278-9 gelifaction index (GI) 314, 315 U Lubn~ seam-top of member 279-81 gelinite 312 U Radnice seam-L Lubnfi seam 273-6 geochemistry Limestone Coal Formation ~ayirhan lignites 315-19 distal 289-90 mine ash proximal 291-2 methods of measurement 300 transitional 290-1 results 300-1,302, 303 Rough Rock Group 83-91 results discussed 303-4 use in face cutting 33 tonsteins 141-3 use in forecasting see also trace elements facies association effects 35-6 geotechnical properties 233-5 facies distribution effects 36-9 effect on mining of 26 use in mine planning 24-34 Ffyndaff case study faults methods 243-4 controls on coalbed methane 258-9 results 244-7 effect on stability of 236-8 results discussed 247-8 feather fractures 104-5 site geology 241-2 feldspar 185 tectonic setting 238-41 Ffos Las dust monitoring project Pennine coal 24-5 methods 181-3 structures and stability results 183-7 bedding planes 235 Ffyndaff coalfield faults 236-8 site geology 241-2 joints 236 tectonic setting 238-41 Germany, energy imports 196, 198 thrust structural analysis glacial-eustatic oscillations 285 methods 242-4 goaf 24 results 244-7 gob 24 results discussed 247-8 goniatites 61, 85 firedamp explosions 251 Great Britain coalfield map 18 flexural slip 235 Greece flooding surfaces 9 coals of Tertiary age floor lift 30 calorific value 175 fluvial environment analysis, Campine Basin 220-6 depositional environment 174 Fort Union Formation 222 geological setting 171-3 fractures in coal production 179-80 effects 104-5 quality 176-8 petrography relations 105-6 reserves 178-9 processes 101-2 energy budget 171 site study energy imports 196, 198 methods 108-11 gypsum 185, 310, 315, 321 results 111-13 Gyrochorte 62 328 INDEX halite 185-6 lacustrine delta facies 129 Haslingden Flags 83, 85, 86 description 63-5 hemihydrite 315 effect on mine planning 32 heulandite 315, 316, 317 geometry 52 highstand systems tracts 9, 294, 295 geotechnical properties 26 Rough Rock Group 93 interpretation 62-5 Hirka Formation 309, 310, 321 sedimentary discontinuities 124, 125 histosol 56 lacustrine facies hole to surface seismic reflection survey description 62 methods 163 effect on mine planning 31 results 163-4 geometry 52 results discussed 164-7 geotechnical properties 26 humic coal 55, 106 interpretation 65-6 huminite 178, 311, 312, 312 lacustrine sedimentation 273, 276, 277, 279, 281 humodetrinite 314 Laevigatosporites minor 56 humotelinite 312-14 Lancashire coalfield 18 Hungary see Ajka field laser ablation microprobe-inductively coupled plasma hydrogeology, controls on coalbed methane of 259 mass spectrometry (LAMP-ICP-MS) method 148-9 quantification techniques 151-3 illite 186-7 results 149-51 incised valleys 5-7, 11 lead in coal 154 India 222 leaves defined 55 inertinite 178, 311, 312 Lepidodendron 62 friability 105-6 lignites initial flooding surface 93 ~ayirhan, Turkey interfluve sequence boundaries 7-8 ash content 317-19 Ireland, energy imports 196, 198 depositional environment 312-15 iron carbonate (siderite) 59, 62 mineral content 315-17 isopach maps, use of 36-7, 129 palynology 312 Italy, energy imports 196, 198 petrography 310-12 quality 315 stratigraphy 310 joints, effect on stability of 236 sulphur distribution 319-20 sulphur origin 320-1 Greece Kaiparowits Plateau 5 distribution 171, 173 kaolinite 137, 186 production 179-80 Kent coalfield 18, 258 Limestone Coal Formation kettlebottoms 34 allocycles 288 kettles 34 autocycles 288 Kilsyth Trough/Kincardine
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