Multi-Threading in IDL
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User Interface Design Issues in HCI
IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.18 No.8, August 2018 153 User Interface Design Issues In HCI Waleed Iftikhar, Muhammad Sheraz Arshad Malik, Shanza Tariq, Maha Anwar, Jawad Ahmad, M. Saad sultan Department of Computing, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan Summary Command line is the interface that allows the user to This paper presents an important analysis on a literature review interact with the computer by directly using the commands. which has the findings in design issues from the year 1999 to But there is an issue that the commands cannot be changed, 2018. This study basically discusses about all the issues related they are fixed and computer only understands the exact to design and user interface, and also gives the solutions to make commands. the designs or user interface more attractive and understandable. This study is the guideline to solve the main issues of user Graphical user interface is the interface that allows the interface. user to interact with the system, because this is user There is important to secure the system for modern applications. friendly and easy to use. This includes the graphics, The use of internet is quickly growing from years. Because of pictures and also attractive for all type of users. The this fast travelling lifestyle, where they lets the user to attach with command line is black and white interface. This interface systems from everywhere. When user is ignoring the is also known as WIMPS because it uses windows, icons, functionalities in the system then the system is not secure but, in menus, pointers. -
Designing for Increased Autonomy & Human Control
IFIP Workshop on Intelligent Vehicle Dependability and Security (IVDS) January 29, 2021 Designing for Increased Autonomy & Human Control Ben Shneiderman @benbendc Founding Director (1983-2000), Human-Computer Interaction Lab Professor, Department of Computer Science Member, National Academy of Engineering Photo: BK Adams IFIP Workshop on Intelligent Vehicle Dependability and Security (IVDS) January 29, 2021 Designing for Increased Automation & Human Control Ben Shneiderman @benbendc Founding Director (1983-2000), Human-Computer Interaction Lab Professor, Department of Computer Science Member, National Academy of Engineering Photo: BK Adams What is Human-Centered AI? Human-Centered AI Amplify, Augment, Enhance & Empower People Human Responsibility Supertools and Active Appliances Visual Interfaces to Prevent/Reduce Explanations Audit Trails to Analyze Failures & Near Misses Independent Oversight à Reliable, Safe & Trustworthy Supertools Digital Camera Controls Navigation Choices Texting Autocompletion Spelling correction Active Appliances Coffee maker, Rice cooker, Blender Dishwasher, Clothes Washer/Dryer Implanted Cardiac Pacemakers NASA Mars Rovers are Tele-Operated DaVinci Tele-Operated Surgery “Robots don’t perform surgery. Your surgeon performs surgery with da Vinci by using instruments that he or she guides via a console.” https://www.davincisurgery.com/ Bloomberg Terminal A 2-D HCAI Framework Designing the User Interface Balancing automation & human control First Edition: 1986 Designing the User Interface Balancing automation & -
Supercomputing in Plain English: Overview
Supercomputing in Plain English An Introduction to High Performance Computing Part I: Overview: What the Heck is Supercomputing? Henry Neeman, Director OU Supercomputing Center for Education & Research Goals of These Workshops To introduce undergrads, grads, staff and faculty to supercomputing issues To provide a common language for discussing supercomputing issues when we meet to work on your research NOT: to teach everything you need to know about supercomputing – that can’t be done in a handful of hourlong workshops! OU Supercomputing Center for Education & Research 2 What is Supercomputing? Supercomputing is the biggest, fastest computing right this minute. Likewise, a supercomputer is the biggest, fastest computer right this minute. So, the definition of supercomputing is constantly changing. Rule of Thumb: a supercomputer is 100 to 10,000 times as powerful as a PC. Jargon: supercomputing is also called High Performance Computing (HPC). OU Supercomputing Center for Education & Research 3 What is Supercomputing About? Size Speed OU Supercomputing Center for Education & Research 4 What is Supercomputing About? Size: many problems that are interesting to scientists and engineers can’t fit on a PC – usually because they need more than 2 GB of RAM, or more than 60 GB of hard disk. Speed: many problems that are interesting to scientists and engineers would take a very very long time to run on a PC: months or even years. But a problem that would take a month on a PC might take only a few hours on a supercomputer. OU Supercomputing -
Computer Hardware Architecture Lecture 4
Computer Hardware Architecture Lecture 4 Manfred Liebmann Technische Universit¨atM¨unchen Chair of Optimal Control Center for Mathematical Sciences, M17 [email protected] November 10, 2015 Manfred Liebmann November 10, 2015 Reading List • Pacheco - An Introduction to Parallel Programming (Chapter 1 - 2) { Introduction to computer hardware architecture from the parallel programming angle • Hennessy-Patterson - Computer Architecture - A Quantitative Approach { Reference book for computer hardware architecture All books are available on the Moodle platform! Computer Hardware Architecture 1 Manfred Liebmann November 10, 2015 UMA Architecture Figure 1: A uniform memory access (UMA) multicore system Access times to main memory is the same for all cores in the system! Computer Hardware Architecture 2 Manfred Liebmann November 10, 2015 NUMA Architecture Figure 2: A nonuniform memory access (UMA) multicore system Access times to main memory differs form core to core depending on the proximity of the main memory. This architecture is often used in dual and quad socket servers, due to improved memory bandwidth. Computer Hardware Architecture 3 Manfred Liebmann November 10, 2015 Cache Coherence Figure 3: A shared memory system with two cores and two caches What happens if the same data element z1 is manipulated in two different caches? The hardware enforces cache coherence, i.e. consistency between the caches. Expensive! Computer Hardware Architecture 4 Manfred Liebmann November 10, 2015 False Sharing The cache coherence protocol works on the granularity of a cache line. If two threads manipulate different element within a single cache line, the cache coherency protocol is activated to ensure consistency, even if every thread is only manipulating its own data. -
Exploring the User Interface Affordances of File Sharing
CHI 2006 Proceedings • Activity: Design Implications April 22-27, 2006 • Montréal, Québec, Canada Share and Share Alike: Exploring the User Interface Affordances of File Sharing Stephen Voida1, W. Keith Edwards1, Mark W. Newman2, Rebecca E. Grinter1, Nicolas Ducheneaut2 1GVU Center, College of Computing 2Palo Alto Research Center Georgia Institute of Technology 3333 Coyote Hill Road 85 5th Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332–0760, USA Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA {svoida, keith, beki}@cc.gatech.edu {mnewman, nicolas}@parc.com ABSTRACT and folders shared with other users on a single computer, With the rapid growth of personal computer networks and often as a default system behavior; files shared with other the Internet, sharing files has become a central activity in computers over an intranet or home network; and files computer use. The ways in which users control the what, shared with other users around the world on web sites and how, and with whom of sharing are dictated by the tools FTP servers. Users also commonly exchange copies of they use for sharing; there are a wide range of sharing documents as email attachments, transfer files during practices, and hence a wide range of tools to support these instant messaging sessions, post digital photos to online practices. In practice, users’ requirements for certain photo album services, and swap music files using peer–to– sharing features may dictate their choice of tool, even peer file sharing applications. though the other affordances available through that tool Despite these numerous venues for and implementations of may not be an ideal match to the desired manner of sharing. -
User Interface for Volume Rendering in Virtual Reality Environments
User Interface for Volume Rendering in Virtual Reality Environments Jonathan Klein∗ Dennis Reuling† Jan Grimm‡ Andreas Pfau§ Damien Lefloch¶ Martin Lambersk Andreas Kolb∗∗ Computer Graphics Group University of Siegen ABSTRACT the gradient or the curvature at the voxel location into account and Volume Rendering applications require sophisticated user interac- require even more complex user interfaces. tion for the definition and refinement of transfer functions. Tradi- Since Virtual Environments are especially well suited to explore tional 2D desktop user interface elements have been developed to spatial properties of complex 3D data, bringing Volume Render- solve this task, but such concepts do not map well to the interaction ing applications into such environments is a natural step. However, devices available in Virtual Reality environments. defining new user interfaces suitable both for the Virtual Environ- ment and for the Volume Rendering application is difficult. Pre- In this paper, we propose an intuitive user interface for Volume vious approaches mainly focused on porting traditional 2D point- Rendering specifically designed for Virtual Reality environments. and-click concepts to the Virtual Environment [8, 5, 9]. This tends The proposed interface allows transfer function design and refine- to be unintuitive, to complicate the interaction, and to make only ment based on intuitive two-handed operation of Wand-like con- limited use of available interaction devices. trollers. Additional interaction modes such as navigation and clip In this paper, we propose an intuitive 3D user interface for Vol- plane manipulation are supported as well. ume Rendering based on interaction devices that are suitable for The system is implemented using the Sony PlayStation Move Virtual Reality environments. -
Effective User Interface Design for Consumer Trust Two Case Studies
2005:097 SHU MASTER'S THESIS Effective User Interface Design for Consumer Trust Two Case Studies XILING ZHOU XIANGCHUN LIU Luleå University of Technology MSc Programme in Electronic Commerce Department of Business Administration and Social Sciences Division of Industrial marketing and e-commerce 2005:097 SHU - ISSN: 1404-5508 - ISRN: LTU-SHU-EX--05/097--SE Luleå University of Technology E-Commerce ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis is the result of half a year of work whereby we have been accompanied and supported by many people. It is a pleasant aspect that we could have this opportunity to express our gratitude to all of them. First, we are deeply indebted to our supervisor Prof. Lennart Persson who is from Division of Industrial Marketing at LTU. He helped us with stimulating suggestions and encouragement in all the time of research and writing of this thesis. Without his never-ending support during this process, we could not have done this thesis. Especially, we would like to express our gratitude to all of participants, who have spent their valuable time to response the interview questions and discuss with us. Finally, we would like to thank our family and friends. I, Zhou Xiling am very grateful for everyone who gave me support and encouragement during this process. Especially I felt a deep sense of gratitude to my father and mother who formed part of my vision and taught me the good things that really matter in the life. I also want to thank my friend Tang Yu for his never-ending support and good advices. I, Liu XiangChun am very grateful for my parents, for their endless love and support. -
Embedded System Introduction.Pdf
EmbeddedEmbedded SystemSystem IntroductionIntroduction ANDES Confidential WWW.ANDESTECH.COM Embedded System vs Desktop Page 2 相同點 CPU Storage I/O 相異點 Desktop ‧可執行多種功能 ‧作業系統對於系統資源的管理較為複雜 Embedded System ‧執行特定功能 ‧作業系統對於系統資源的管理較為簡單 Page 3 SystemSystem LayerLayer Application Application Operating System Operating System Firmware Firmware Firmware Hardware Hardware Hardware Desktop computer Complex embedded Simple embedded computer computer Page 4 HardwareHardware ArchitectureArchitecture DesktopDesktop ComputerComputer SystemSystem HardwareHardware ArchitectureArchitecture CPU AGP Slot North Bridge Memory PCI Interface USB Interface South Bridge IDE Interface System BIOS ISA Interface Super IO Port Page 5 HardwareHardware ArchitectureArchitecture EmbeddedEmbedded SystemSystem ComputerComputer HardwareHardware ArchitectureArchitecture ADC CPU SPI Digital I/O ROM IIC Host RAM Timers Computer UART Bus Interface Memory Network Interface I/O Page 6 What is the Embedded System? Page 7 IntroductionIntroduction Challenges in embedded system design. Design methodologies. Page 8 EmbeddedEmbedded SystemSystem ?? •An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions •with real-time computing constraints • include hardware, software and mechanical parts Page 9 EmbeddingEmbedding aa computercomputer Page 10 ComponentsComponents ofof anan embeddedembedded systemsystem Characteristics Low power Closed operating environment Cost sensitive Page 11 ComponentsComponents ofof anan embeddedembedded -
14 Los Alamos National Laboratory
14 Los Alamos National Laboratory Every year for the past 17 years, the director of Los Alamos alternative for assessing the safety, reliability, and perfor- National Laboratory has had a legally required task: write mance of the stockpile: virtual-world simulations. a letter—a personal assessment of Los Alamos–designed warheads and bombs in the U.S. nuclear stockpile. Th i s I, Iceberg letter is sent to the secretaries of Energy and Defense and to Hollywood movies such as the Matrix series or I, Robot the Nuclear Weapons Council. Th rough them the letter goes typically portray supercomputers as massive, room-fi lling to the president of the United States. machines that churn out answers to the most complex questions—all by themselves. In fact, like the director’s Th e technical basis for the director’s assessment comes from Annual Assessment Letter, supercomputers are themselves the Laboratory’s ongoing execution of the nation’s Stockpile the tip of an iceberg. Stewardship Program; Los Alamos’ mission is to study its portion of the aging stockpile, fi nd any problems, and address them. And for the past 17 years, the director’s letter has said, Without people, a supercomputer in eff ect, that any problems that have arisen in Los Alamos would be no more than a humble jumble weapons are being addressed and resolved without the need for full-scale underground nuclear testing. of wires, bits, and boxes. When it comes to the Laboratory’s work on the annual assess- Although these rows of huge machines are the most visible ment, the director’s letter is just the tip of the iceberg. -
A High Level User Interface for Topology Controlled Volume Rendering
Topological Galleries: A High Level User Interface for Topology Controlled Volume Rendering Brian MacCarthy, Hamish Carr and Gunther H. Weber Abstract Existing topological interfaces to volume rendering are limited by their re- liance on sophisticated knowledge of topology by the user. We extend previous work by describing topological galleries, an interface for novice users that is based on the design galleries approach. We report three contributions: an interface based on hier- archical thumbnail galleries to display the containment relationships between topo- logically identifiable features, the use of the pruning hierarchy instead of branch decomposition for contour tree simplification, and drag-and-drop transfer function assignment for individual components. Initial results suggest that this approach suf- fers from limitations due to rapid drop-off of feature size in the pruning hierarchy. We explore these limitations by providing statistics of feature size as function of depth in the pruning hierarchy of the contour tree. 1 Introduction The overall goal of scientific visualisation is to provide useful insight into existing data. As visualisation techniques have become more complex, so have the interfaces for controlling them. In cases where the interface has been simplified, it has often been at the cost of the functionality of the program. Thus, while expert users are capable of using state of the art technology, novice users who would otherwise have uses for this technology are restricted by unintuitive interfaces. Topology-based volume rendering, while powerful, is difficult to apply success- fully. This difficulty is due to the fact that the interface used to design transfer func- Brian MacCarthy University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland, e-mail: [email protected] Hamish Carr University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, England e-mail: [email protected] Gunther H. -
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
5 Linear Systems of ODEs 5.1 Systems of ODEs In a sense, Chapter 5 equals Chapter 2 “plus” Chapter 3, in the sense that Chapter 5 combines use of matrix theory and ordinary differential equation (ODE) methods. When we have more than one linear ODE, results from matrix theory turn out to be useful. Example 5.1 For the circuit shown in Figure 5.1, let v(t) be the voltage drop across the capacitor and I(t) be the loop current. The input V(t) is a given function. Assume, as usual, that L, R, and C are constants. Write down a system of ODEs in R2 that models this circuit. Method: The series RLC circuit shown in Figure 5.1 is analogous to the DC series RLC circuit discussed near the end of Section 3.3. The first ODE models the voltage drop across the capacitor being v(t) = 1 q(t),whereq(t) is the charge on the capacitor and C ˙ q˙(t) = I(t). The second ODE in the system is Kirchhoff’s voltage law, LI(t)+RI(t)+v(t) = V(t), after dividing through by L. The system is ⎧ ⎫ ⎨˙( ) = 1 ( ) ⎬ v t C I t ⎩ ⎭ . (5.1) ˙( ) = 1 ( ( ) − ( ) − ( )) I t L V t RI t v t More generally, consider a system of two ODEs in unknowns x1(t), x2(t): ⎧ ⎫ ˙ ⎨x1(t) = F1 t, x1(t), x2(t) ⎬ ⎩ ⎭ . (5.2) ˙ x2(t) = F2 t, x1(t), x2(t) A special case is ⎧ ⎫ ˙ ⎨x1(t) = a11(t)x1 + a12(t)x2 + f1(t)⎬ ⎩ ⎭ , (5.3) ˙ x2(t) = a21(t)x1 + a22(t)x2 + f2(t) which is called a linear system. -
Engineering Definitional Interpreters
Reprinted from the 15th International Symposium on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming (PPDP 2013) Engineering Definitional Interpreters Jan Midtgaard Norman Ramsey Bradford Larsen Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science Veracode Aarhus University Tufts University [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract In detail, we make the following contributions: A definitional interpreter should be clear and easy to write, but it • We investigate three styles of semantics, each of which leads to may run 4–10 times slower than a well-crafted bytecode interpreter. a family of definitional interpreters. A “family” is characterized In a case study focused on implementation choices, we explore by its representation of control contexts. Our best-performing ways of making definitional interpreters faster without expending interpreter, which arises from a natural semantics, represents much programming effort. We implement, in OCaml, interpreters control contexts using control contexts of the metalanguage. based on three semantics for a simple subset of Lua. We com- • We evaluate other implementation choices: how names are rep- pile the OCaml to 86 native code, and we systematically inves- x resented, how environments are represented, whether the inter- tigate hundreds of combinations of algorithms and data structures. preter has a separate “compilation” step, where intermediate re- In this experimental context, our fastest interpreters are based on sults are stored, and how loops are implemented. natural semantics; good algorithms and data structures make them 2–3 times faster than na¨ıve interpreters. Our best interpreter, cre- • We identify combinations of implementation choices that work ated using only modest effort, runs only 1.5 times slower than a well together.