Overview Regarding the Bioactivity of Agastache foeniculum and Nepeta cataria Species
* Simona DUDA, Liviu Al. MĂRGHITAŞ, Dan DEZMIREAN, Otilia BOBIŞ
Department of Technological Sciences,[email protected] Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Romania *Corresponding author, email:
Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 72(1) / 2015 Print ISSN 1843-5262; Electronic ISSN 1843-536X DOI:10.15835/buasvmcn-asb:10591
Abstract
Agastache foeniculum Nepeta cataria In this study, we summarize the recent advances on chemical compositionet al., and bioactivity of giant hyssop ( et al., (Pursh) Kuntze) and catnip ( L.). Extracts from giant hyssop and catnip have a significant bioactivity, antibacterial and antioxidant activity (Suschke 2007; Zielińska and Matkowski, 2014; Mihaylova 2013). This literature review wants to emphasize the value of these two plants and the opportunity of using them to obtain bioactive extracts with applicability in beekeeping for different pest control. Different parts of the mentioned plants were used for the determination of active principles from macerates and essential oils. Spectrophotometric methods as well as high performance liquid chromatography and gasAgastache chromatography foeniculum are as generally used for determination of bioactive principles from theTribolium classes ofcastaneum polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids andRhyzopertha aromatic acids.dominica Remarkable results have been obtained Ephestia using kuehniella the essential oil from Plodia interpunctellaan insecticide for the control of pests like the Red flour beetle ( Herbst), Lesser grainNepeta borer cataria( F.), Mediterranean flour mothStaphylococcus( aureus) Klebsiellaand t h e pneumoniae Indian meal Pseudomonas moth ( aeruginosa, Escherichia) from the coligrain and and Bacillus food warehouses subtillis (Ebadollahi,et al., 2011). The anti-microbial activity of catnip ( ) was proven in over five bacterial strains: , , (Bandh 2011). Considering the results obtained and reported in the literature on the control of various pests and diseases, we consider appropriate to extend the research in the field of beekeeping as well, for a natural treatment of different bacterialKeywords: diseases Agastache and pests. foeniculum, Nepeta cataria anti-microbial, bio-insecticides
,
INTRODUCTION et al., 1941; Walker cited by Woods and DuBuy, In this study, we summarize the recent 1951), there is still much to be elucidated in the advances on chemical composition and bioactivity chemical composition of plants andApis their mellifera effects. Giant hyssop has been commercially cultivated as ofAgastache aerial parts foeniculum (leaves, stems and inflorescences) of et al., a source of nectar for honeybees ( giantNepeta hyssop cataria (or bluehe giant hyssop,Agastache licorice includes mint) ( (Pursh) Kuntze) and catnip L.) in Washington (Mayer 1982,et al., cited by ( L.). T genus Widrlechner, 1992; Senechal, 1990; Ayers and Widrlechner, 1994; Fuentes-Granados 1998), 22 speciesA. offoeniculum perennial andaromatic N. cataria medicinal herbs et al., because it excels at nectar production (Wilson (Vogelmann, 1983). AlthoughAgastache the study of the two 1992). Extracts from giant hyssop and species ( Nepeta) has been et al., carried out since 1945, for (Lint and catnip have a significant bioactivity, antibacterial Epling, 1945), and since 1941 for (McElvain and antioxidant activity (Mihaylova 2013; Zielińska and Matkowski, 2014). Agastache foeniculum and Nepeta cataria 25
Overview Regarding the Bioactivity of Species medicinalThis review plants. covers N. cata theria literature to summarize and aromatic acids (Vogelmann, 1984; Tisserand the mainNepeta constituents from both aromatic and and Young, 2014). (Catnip) is the most Essential oil from aerial parts of giant famous species, which has a long history of hyssop was isolated by the hydrodistillation use as tea in Europe before real tea was imported with Clevenger apparatus, and its chemical from the orientet al., (Herron, 2003).et al., The flowering compositionet wasal., studied by gas chromatography tips ofNepeta the plant have also being used as a sedative mass spectrometry (Shakhnoza and Glushenkova catnip, drug (Newall 1996; Baser 2000). Some 2012; Srifi 2012; Zielińska and Matkowski, of the species areet al., used by bees as a source 2014). The chemical composition of of pollenC and nectar (Sammataro and Avitabile essential oils can be determined by GC–MS on 1998, cited by Celenk 2008).et al., an apolar stationary phase by comparison of the atnip is a perennial herb with a considerable characteristic fragmentation patterns with those folkloric reputation (Marchei 2010). A of the Wiley 275L database. Essentialet al., oils were diethyl ether extract of this plant has been shown then fractionatedet al., by column chromatography to have antimicrobial activity et against al., fungi and packed with silica gel (Heuskin 2009; etGram-positive al., bacteria, have bacteriostatic and Ganzera Nepeta 2001). cataria fungistatic properties (Bourrel 1993; Nostro To determine the potential crop protection et al., 2001), andCatnip also with traditional uses that value of essential oils, the repellent relate to the treatment of inflammation (Prescott activity of the oils was assessed using a four-way aphid sex 2011). pheromones produces and aphid predominantly parasitoid etolfactometer al., assay, with both oils showing stronget al., nepetalactone, which is also known to comprise repellent effects (Peterson and Coats, 2001; Schultz 2004; Webb and Russell, 2007; Birkett attractants. The availability of aphid sex 2010). Nepetalactones were Z analyzedE by reversed- pheromone components is now facilitating the phase HPLC coupled with UV and MS detection. development of new aphid pest control strategies, The linearity range for , -nepetalactone was incorporating the use of other semiochemicals, determined as 0.00655-0.655E Z mg/mL with particularly in the manipulationet al., of populations a correlation coefficient of 0.9999, and the of aphid parasitoids and aphid predators (Birkett linearity range of , -nepetalactone was found and Pickett, 2003; Birkett 2010). Aphidius Ameixa to be 0.00228–0.456 mg/mL with a correlation colemani,and Kindlmann conducting (2012) research have with found a positive coefficient of 0.9999, under UV detection at 228 nm. response regarding the aphid parasitoid The Z linearityE ranges were from 0.00164 to 0.0328 a mixture of odorsβ mg/mL, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999, E of synthetic and plant-extracted nepetalactone (a Zfor , -nepetalactone and 0.00114–0.0228 mg/ component of aphid sex pheromone) and (E)- - mL, with a correlation coefficientm/z of 0.9999, for , farnesene (aphid alarm pheromone). -nepetalactone by MS detection with selected ion This literature review wants to emphasize monitoring of ion peak 167. The MS detection the value of these two plants and the opportunity was found to be more sensitive than UV detection control.of using them to obtain bioactive extracts with and thiset method al., was validated as simple, reliable applicability in beekeeping, for different pest and sensitiveet foral. catnip nepetalactone analysis MATERIALS AND METHODS (Wang 2007).N. cataria Nostro (2000) used two methods of extraction from . In method A, a known Different parts of the mentioned plants wereet amount of 50 g powdered drug (which was al.,used for the determination of active principles sequentially extracted at room temperature with from macerates and essential oils (Nykänen petroleum ether (30ºC, 50ºC), dichloromethane, 1989). Spectrophotometric methods as well dichloromethane: methanol (9:1) and methanol as high performance liquid chromatography and (Arebalo and Mitchell, 1984; Chalchat and Lamy, gas chromatography is generally used for the 1997). The four extracts were concentrated to determination of bioactive principles from the dryness using a rotary evaporator at 40ºC. Inet classes of polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids method B, a known amount of 50 g powdered drug wasBulletin extracted UASVM Animal as Science reported and Biotechnologies by Al-Sarraj 72(1) / 2015 26 et al
DUDA al. et al., Tribolium castaneum Rhyzopertha dominica (1985), cited by Nostro 2000. The drug beetle ( Ephestia kuehniellaHerbst), Lesser grain was suspended in enough distilled water to mealborer moth ( Plodia interpunctellaF.), Mediterranean form a homogeneous suspension. The mixture flour moth ( ) and the IndianA. N was adjusted to pH 2.0 with HCl (1 ) and then foeniculum ( ) from the grain incubated at 37ºC for 30 min in a shaking water- and food warehouses (Ebadollahi,T. castaneum 2011). bath. The mixture was then neutralized with NaOH oil revealed a strong toxicity (strong (1 N) to pH 7.0, filtered, extracted with diethyl larvicidal potential) against the ether and concentrated to dryness. The remaining larvae, but also decreased the activity of esterase aqueous extract was lyophilized. All solvents were and GST besides reducing total carbohydrate, purchased from Merck (Milan, Italy). The method lipid and protein contents. Results showed that B proved to be more efficient in extracting the the mortality of larvae was dose-dependent and active compounds and this could be ascribed to the increasing concentrations of the essential oil acidified aqueous environment, which promotes exacerbate mortality. Probit analysis showedet an easyRESULTS extraction. AND DISSCUSION al.,that LC50 and LCet90 al. values were calculatedet al., as Agastache 8.022% and 80.152%, respectively (Ebadollahi 2013). Lopez (cited by Ebadollahi To , in addition to the main 2013) reportedA. estragole foeniculum as an example of toxic components (phenylpropanoids, terpenoids compounds that areTribolium active againstcastaneum insect pests. and essential oils) there are many other such The toxicity of Rhyzoperthaessential dominica oil against biocompounds: phenolic compounds (non-volatile red flour beetle, (Herbst) metabolites), such as caffeic acid derivatives and lesser grain borer (F.) (especially rosmarinic acid) flavones and flavone was evaluated by fumigation (Ebadollahi, 2011; glycosides (like acacetin, tilianin, agastachoside, Zielińska and Matkowski, 2014). and a rare dimeric malonyl flavone -agastachin) In a studyMicroplitis by Nafziger croceipes and FadamiroHymenoptera (2011) with: (Zielińska and Matkowski, 2014). Well, from Braconidaegiant hyssop as nectar sources for the parasitoid aerial parts of agastache two unique lignans wasp, ( -agastenol and agastinol were isolated. Among ), found significantly increased terpenoids is noted: triterpenoids of oleanane- female longevity and numerically increased male type -maslinic acid, oleanolic acid and β-amyrin-, longevity with honey from this plant. However, ursane-type - ursolic acid, corosolic acid and giant hyssops are not good nectar sources for the α-amyrin-, and typical plant sterols (abietane-type protectionwasp (Nafziger Herba and Agastache Fadamiro, 2011). oxidized diterpenes - e.g., agastaquinone,Agastache foeniculum agastol, Some of the effects of induced plant and others (Zielińska and Matkowski, 2014). and inflorescences In the essential oil from are: antimicrobial, antiviral, antimutagenic, were identified over 50 compounds, which were antiproliferative, antiatherogenic, cytotoxic to isolated. Only ten constituents, however, accounted cancer cell, anti-nociceptive,et al., anti-inflammatory, for more than 0.1%. In this essential oil prevailing, antioxidant, relaxant activity on theet contractions al., were the methyl chavicol (87.5%)(Omidbaigi and and others (Yashika 2012; Zielińska and Sefidkon, 2003) to (91-95%) (Mazza and Kiehn,et Matkowski, 2014; Sánchez-Recillas 2014). al.,1992) and limonene (2.4%) (Omidbaigi and The presenceAgastache of Nasonov pheromone Sefidkon, 2003) to (3.6-3.9%) (Mallavarapu components in the floral aroma of particular 2004), 1,8-cineole (2.0%) and globulol (1.4%) populations of could biaset al., bee preference (Omidbaigi and Sefidkon, 2003) as the major and might be useful as a tool for researchersA. foeniculum to constituents. Other components of the essential oil select attractive types (Wilson 1992). One are: monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, oxygenated component of the headspace ofet al., , monoterpenes,et al., oxygenatedet al., sesquiterpenes, bornyl acetate, has being hown to stimulate the camphene, myrcene and phenolics among others antennae of honeybees (Thiery 1990, cited (Wilson 1992; YashikaAgastache foeniculum 2013). as an by Wilson, 1992), but this olfactory stimulationNepeta Remarkable results have been obtained in use catariahas not been correlated with attractiveness. of the essential oil from Among the 27 compounds identified of insecticideBulletin UASVM Animal for the Science control and Biotechnologies of pests like72(1) the/ 2015 Red flour essential oil, four major components Agastache foeniculum and Nepeta cataria 27
Overview Regarding the Bioactivity of Species Nepeta were noted: 1,8-cineoleet al., (21.00%), α-humulene nepetalactonei.e. un-fractionated, isomers andsp. oilsother offer components potentially (14.44%), α-pinene (10.43%)et al., and geranyl acetateet al., greater protection,E R S due to the presence of both (8.21%)(Peterson 2002; Morteza-Semnani and Saeedi, 2004; Gilani 2009; Javidnia such as ( )-(1 ,9 )-caryophyllene. 2002).Nepeta cataria Extracts of catnip were found to inhibit The antimicrobialStaphylococcus activity aureus of aerialKlebsiella parts calcineurin; an important regulator of T-cell pneumoniaeof Pseudomonaswas aeruginosa, assayed against Escherichia five mediated inflammation that has received little colibacterial and strainsBacillus subtilis , attention in ethnopharmacological research. Aspergillus flavus, and Candida albicans Calcineurin inhibition should be considered as . Two fungal strains,et a potential mode of action when investigating al., et al., were etalso al. the immunomodulatoryet al., activity of caffeoyl used to evaluate anti-fungal activity (Adiguzel phenylethanoid glycoside contained in catnip 2009; Bandh 2011). Also, NestorovićNepeta (Prescott 2011). It haset also al., been foundNepeta that (2010) observed and evaluated the antimicrobial catariairidodial is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis activity of methanol extracts from , assayed of nepetalactone (Bellesia 1984). et against eight bacterial and eight fungal species. All al., , is also knownet al., to repel other etectoparasites al. the tested extracts showed significantet antibacterial al. affecting human and animal health (Kim and strong antifungalEscherichia activity. coli and Staphylococcus 2003; Khan 2012). Zhu (2009) aureusThe are research more donesensitive by Zenasni than Pseudomonas (2008) successfully conducted catnip repellencyN. cataria tests aeruginosashows that Nepeta on two fly species (stable flies and houseflies), et al. including toxicity studies in humans to to essential oil from the genus Bernardiproducts et applied al. by oral, dermal and inhalation Stomoxys(p<0.001). calcitrans The research made by Zhu (2014), tests evaluating the eye and skin sensitivity. found more than 98% inhibition of stable fly larval (2011) found through his research (Diptera: Muscidae) growth with catnip in rats improved male rat sexual and female oviposition was observed in larval and oviposition media treated with encapsulated catnip oil (0.5μg). Further, dose-response tests showed that as little as 0.1 μg of encapsulated catnip oil provided more than 85% oviposition deterrence. Encapsulated catnip oil also exhibited antibacterial activity, supporting the hypothesis that its inhibition of larval growth may be based on its killing of the bacteria on which larvae feed. The use of encapsulatedet al., catnip oil can provideet al. an alternativeet al., control strategy for stable fly management (Zenasni 2008;Nepeta Bandh cataria , 2011; Zhu 2014). larvaePavela Spodoptera (2005) littoralis, tested which essential oils for insecticidal. activity against 3 were highly toxic, 50 Nepetawith LC cataria ≤ 10.0 ml/m By commercial cultivation of the catmint (Lamiaceae), the lactone (II) can be isolated by industrial scale steam distillation etand al. converted to the lactol (I) by inexpensive Fig. 1. chemical means (Birkett & Pickett, 2003). Birkett Plant-defence compounds ‘attracting’ parasi- (2011) obtained results which suggest toids and ‘repelling’ aphids could be activated by natu- that although the nepetalactone isomers have rally occurring small lipophilicet al., molecules (SLM) iden- the potential to be used in human and livestock tified from (A) pest-damaged or (B) nonhost plants protection against major pathogen vectors, intact, Bulletin UASVM(Pickett Animal Science 2012).and Biotechnologies 72(1) / 2015 28 et al
DUDA activity. The repellent mechanism could be The use of essential oils in the control of activated by naturally occurringFigure small 1 lipophilic veterinary ectoparasites is an exciting area, molecules (SLMs) identifiedet al., from pest-damaged which holds huge potential for the future. or non-host etplants, al. as shown in (A and B, However, extensive field trials, standardization Nepetarespectively) cataria (Pickett 2012). of components, standardization of extraction Birkett (2010)’s findings illustrate that techniques, standardization of experimental possess a diverse range of high design, mammalian toxicology profiling and value secondary metabolites, and also highlight excipient development, as well as further their potential to be developed as renewable investigation into the residual activities and feed stocks for the production of repellents for length of shelf life of these oils are all required the use of economically important crop pests, as before their potential can be fully explored (Ellse well as for the production of sex pheromones and and Wall, 2014). natural enemy attractants. Further studies are The results regarding the identified and underway to investigate their potential for use isolated active principles from catnip and as part of a novel strategy for dust mite control,et their antimicrobial effects encourage further al.,based on deployment ofet repellent al., and attractant research for their usage in the cosmetic and incorporatesemiochemicals attractive in a push–pull pull components strategy (Cooksuch as food industry, as viable and safe alternatives to 2007, cited by Khan 2012), which could synthetic antimicrobial products. Considering the et al., et al., considerresults obtained appropriate and to reported extend the in theresearch literature also the recently identifiedet al. aggregation pheromone in the control of various pests and diseases, we (Skelton 2010, cited by Khan 2012). Polsomboon (2008) made experiments, in the field of beekeeping, for natural treatment of which showed that catnip oil has strong irritant different bacterial diseases and pests. We consider and repellent actions on mosquito test populations appropriate, to extend further the research on the as indicated by the comparatively low escape time. utility of the two plants on the health of bees and Catnip oil and its major constituent compounds, theirAcknowledgements. honey production. nepetalactone, act not only as effective feeding and oviposition repellents, but also have a strong This paper was publi spatial repellency. The in vitro blood-feeding shed under the frame of European Social Fund, assay has proven to be a useful screening tool Human Resources Development Operational for discovering novel repellents for stable flies. Programme 2007-2013, project no. POSDRU/159/ Field trials conducted on cattle of two catnip oil 1.5/S/132765.REFERENCES formulations found these gave 5–6 h of protection against stable flies. Formulating catnip oil to meet USDA organic standards may also have promise 1. Adiguzel A, H Ozer, M Sokmen, M Gulluce, A Sokmen, NepetaH Kilic, et al., et al., catariaF Sahin, O Baris (2009). Antimicrobial and antioxidant as a method for stable fly control in organic dairy activity of the essential oil and methanol extract of farmsCONCLUSION (Bissinger 2010; Zhu 2012). . Polish Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 58, Issue 1, 69- 76. 2. AmeixaAphidius OMCC colemani and P Kindlmann. pplied (2012). Effect of synthetic Biotechnological and molecular studies have and plant-extracted aphid pheromones on the behaviour of J A Entomology, 136(4): 292– focused on in vitro propagation and enhancing 301. the biosynthesis of bioactive metabolites in cell 3. Arebalo RE, ED Mitchell Jr (1984). Cellular distributionNepeta andor organ cultures, as well as on the expression of catariaof . 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a genesNepeta involved cataria in phenolic biosynthesis (Zielińska reductase and mevalonate kinase in leaves of Matkowski, 2014). Agastache Phytochemistry, Vol. 23, Issue 1, 13-18. possesses spasmolytic and 4. Ayers GS, and MP Widrlechner (1994). The genus myorelaxant activities mediated possibly through as bee forage: a historical perspective. American Bee Journal (USA), Vol. 134, Issue 5. dual inhibition of calcium channelset al., and PDE, which 5. Bandh SA, Nepeta AN Kamili, cataria BA Ganai, BA Lone & S Saleem may explain its traditional use in colic, diarrhea, (2011). Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of aqueous cough and asthma (Gilani 2009). extracts of . J Pharm Res, 4(9), 3141-3142. Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 72(1) / 2015 Agastache foeniculum and Nepeta cataria 29
OverviewBaser Regarding the Bioactivity of Species Essential Oils of Nepeta Species Growing in Turkey. . edical and 6. KHC, N Kirimer, M Kurkcuoglu, B Demirci (2000). 19. Ellse L and R Wall (2014). The use of essential oils in veterinary ectoparasite control: a review M Chemistry of Natural Compounds. Vol. 36, Issue 4, 356- Veterinary Entomology, Vol. 28, Issue 3, 233–243.Agastache 359. 20. foeniculumFuentes-Granados RG and MP Widrlechnerth (1995). 7. Bellesia F, R Grandi, UM Pagnoni, A Pinetti, R Trave Diversity Among and Within Populations of (1984). Biosynthesis of nepetalactone in Nepeta cataria. , . Proceedings of the 14 North American Phytochemistry, Vol. 23, Issue 1, 83-87. Prairie Conference. Kansas State University, Manhattan, 8. Bernardi Maria Martha, ThiagoNepeta cataria Berti Kirsten,var. citriodora João Kansas Ed. D. Hartnett, 1-8.Agastache Henrique Ghilardi Lago, Tatiana Marisis Giovani, Cristina 21. Fuentes-Granados RG, MP Widrlechner and LA Wilson de Oliveira Massoco (2011). (1998). An overview of research. Journal of (Becker) increases penile erection in rats. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, Vol. 6, Issue, 69-97.Nepeta Ethnopharmacology, Vol. 137, Issue 3, 1318-1322. 22. catariaGanzera M, S Crockett, MR Tellez & IA Khan 9. Birkett MA, JA Pickett (2003). Aphid sex pheromones: from (2001). Determination of nepetalactone in discovery to commercial production. Phytochemistry, Vol. by reversed phase high performance liquid 62, Issue 5, grandiflora651-656. and Nepeta clarkei Lamiaceae chromatography. Die Pharmazie, 56(11), 896. 10. Birkett MA, TJA Bruce, JA Pickett Sitobion (2010). avenae Repellent Homoptera activity: 23. Gilani Anwar H, Abdul J Shah, Amina Zubair, Sana Khalid, Aphididaeof Nepeta ( ) Jawad Kiani, Amir Ahmed, Munawwer Rasheed, Viqar U against the cereal aphid, ( Ahmad (2009). Chemical compositionNepeta cataria and mechanisms ). Phytochemistry Letters, Volume 3, Issue 3, underlying the spasmolytic and bronchodilatory 139-142. Nepeta properties of the essential. oil of Nepeta cataria L. Journal 11. catariaBirkett MA, A Hassanali, S Hoglund, J Pettersson, JA of Ethnopharmacology, Vol. 121, Issue 3, 405-411. Pickett (2011). Repellent activity of catmint, . 24. Herron Scott (2003) Catnip, , a. , and iridoid nepetalactone isomers against Afro- morphological comparison, of mutant and wild type tropical mosquitoes, ixodid ticks and red poultry mites specimens to gain an ethnobotanical perspective Phytochemistry, Vol. 72, 109-114. Economic Botany 57(1): 135-142. 12. Bissinger Brooke W and RM Roe (2010). Tick repellents: 25. Heuskin Stéphanie, Bruno Godin, Pascal Leroy, past, present, and future. Pesticide biochemistry and Quentin Capella, Jean-Paul Wathelet, François physiology,Nepeta Vol. 96, cataria Issue 2, 63-79. Verheggen, Eric Haubruge, Georges Lognay Matricaria (2009). 13. Bourrel C, F Perineau, G Michel & JM Bessiere (1993). chamomillaFast gas chromatography Asteraceae characterisation of purified Catnip ( L.) essential oil: analysis of semiochemicalsLamiaceae from essential oils of chemical constituents, bacteriostatic and fungistatic L. ( ) and Nepeta cataria L. properties. Journal of Essential Oil Research, Vol. 5, Issue ( ). J. Chromatography A, Vol. 1216, Is 14, 2768- 2, 159-167. 2775. Nepeta 14. NepetaChalchat cataria Jean-Claudecitriodora and Jacques Lamy (1997). Chemical 26. persicaJavidnia K, R Miri, F Safavi,. lavour A and Azarpira and A. Shafiee composition of the essential oil isolated from wild catnip (2002). Composition of the essential oil of L. cv. from the Drôme region of Boiss from Iran F Fragrance J , Vol. 17, France. Journal of Essential Oil Research, Vol. 9, Issue 5, Issue 1, 20–22. 527-532. Nepeta Lamiaceae . 27. Khan MA, I.Jones, E Loza-Reyes, MM Dermatophagoides Cameron (2012). 15. Celenk Sevcan, Tuncay Dirmenci, Hulusi Malyer (2008). A pteronyssinusInterference inand foragingDermatophagoides behaviour farinae of European Acari: palynological study of the genus L. ( ) Pyroglyphidaeand American house dustNepeta mites cataria Lamiaceae . Plant Systematics and Evolution, Vol. 276, Issue 1-2, 105- ( 123. ) by catmint, ( ) Agastache Experimental and Applied Acarology, Vol. 57, Issue 1, 65- 16. Ebadollahi A, M Safaralizadeh, A Pourmirza, S foeniculum Oryzaephilus surinamensis 74. GheibiLasioderma (2010). Toxicity serricorne of Essential Oil of (Pursh) Kuntze to 28. Kim Soon-Il, Chan Park, Myung-Hee Ohh, Hyung-Chan L. and F. Journal of Plant Protection Cho, Young-Joon Lasioderma Ahn serricorne (2003). Coleoptera Contact : and Anobiidae fumigant Research, Vol. 50, Issue 2, 215-219. activities of aromatic plant extracts and essential oils Agastache foeniculum against ( ). J. 17. Ebadollahi Asgar (2011). Chemical constituents and of Stored Products Research, Vol. 39, Issue 1, 2003, 11-19. toxicity of (Pursh) Kuntze essential Agastache , oil against two stored-product insect pests. Chilean J 29. Lint Harold and Carl Epling (1945). A revision of Agricultural Res, 71:2, 212-217. . American Midland Naturalist Vol. 33, No. 1, 207-230. 18. Ebadollahi A, Khosravi R, Agastache Jalali-Sendi foeniculum J, Honarmand P & Moayed-AminiTribolium R (2013). castaneum Toxicity and physiologicalColeoptera: 30. Mallavarapu GR,. RNlavour Kulkarni, and K, Baskaran. and S Ramesh Tenebrionidaeeffects of essential oil from (Pursh) (2004). The essential oil composition of anise hyssop Kuntze against Herbst ( grown in India F Fragrance J , Vol. 19, Issue 4, ) larvae. Ann Review & Res in Biology, 3: 351–353. Nepeta cataria on 649-658. 31. Marchei P, S Diverio, N Falocci, J Fatjó, JL Ruiz-de-la- Torre, X Manteca (2010). The effect of
Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 72(1) / 2015 30 et al
DUDA
kittens’ behavior. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical 45. Peterson Chris and Joel Coats (2001). Insect repellents- Applications and Research, Vol. 5, Issue 1, 50-51. past, present and future. Pesticide Outlook, Vol. 12, Issue 32. Massoco CO, MR Silva, SL Gorniak,Nepeta MS Spinosa cataria & MM 4, 154-158. Lamiaceae Bernardi (1995). Behavioral effects of acute and long- 46. Peterson CJ, LT Nemetz, LM Jones & JR CoatsBlattodea (2002).: term administration of catnip ( ) in BlattellidaeBehavioral activity of catnip ( ) essential mice. Veterinary and human toxicology, Vol. 37, Agastache Issue 6, oil components to the German cockroach ( foeniculum530-533. ). Journal of Economic Entomology, 95(2), 33. Mazza G, FA Kiehn (1992). Essential oil of 377-380. , a potential source of methyl chavicol. Journal 47. Pickett JA, GI Aradottir, GA Birkett, MA Bruce, TJ of Essential Oil Research, Vol. 4, Issue 3, 295-299. Chamberlain, K Khan, AOM Charles, ES Lesley and CM 34. McElvain M Samuel, Robert D Bright and Paul R Woodcock (2012). Aspects of insect chemical. ecology: Johnson (1941). The constituents of the volatile oil exploitation of reception and detection as tools for of catnip. I. Nepetalic acid, nepetalactone and related deception of pests and beneficial insects Physiological compounds. Journal of the American Chemical Entomology, Vol. 37, Issue 1, 2–9. Society 63.6 (1941): 1558-1563. Nepeta 48. Polsomboon S, JP Grieco, NL Achee, KRNepeta Chauhan, cataria S 35. catariaMihaylova D, L Georgieva and A Pavlov (2013). In vitro Tanasinchayakul, J PothikasikornAedes & aegyptiT Chareonviriyaphap and Anopheles antioxidant activity and phenolic composition of harrisoni(2008). Behavioral responses of catnip ( ) L. extracts. Int. J.Agric.Sci.Technol, Vol. 1, Issue 4, by two species of mosquitoes, 74-79. , in Thailand. Journal of the American Mosquito Nepeta cataria Nepeta Control Association, Vol. 24, Issue 4, 513-519. 36. crassifoliaMorteza-Semnani Katayoun and Madjid Saeedi (2004). Essential oils composition of L. and 49. Prescott Thomas AK, Nigel C Veitch, Teucrium Monique chamaedrys SJ Simmonds and Boiss. and Buhse from Iran. Journal of Essential Nepeta(2011). catariaDirect inhibition of calcineurin by caffeoyl Oil Bearing Plants, Vol. 7, Issue 2, 120-124. phenylethanoid glycosides from . Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 37. Nafziger Timothy D Jr, Henry Y Fadamiro (2011). Suitability Microplitis croceipes Hymenoptera: 137, Issue 3, 1306-1310. Braconidaeof some farmscaping plants as nectar sources for the. parasitoid wasp, ( 50. Sánchez-Recillas Amanda, Paul Mantecón-Reyes, Patricia ): Effects on longevity and body nutrients Castillo-España, Rafael Villalobos -Molina, Maximiliano Biological Control, Vol. 56, Issue 3, 225-229. Ibarra-Barajas, Samuel Estrada-Soto (2014). Tracheal relaxation of five medicinal plants used in Mexico for the 38. Nestorović Jasmina, Danijela Mišić, Branislav Šiler, Marina treatment of several diseases. Asian Pacific Journal of Soković, Jasmina Glamočlija, Ana Ćirić, Vuk Maksimović, Nepeta species and the Tropical Medicine, Vol. 7, Issue 3, 179–183. Dragoljub Grubišić (2010). Nepetalactone content in Nepeta cataria Lamiales: Lamiaceae shoot cultures of three endemic 51. Schultz G, E Simbro, J Belden, J Zhu & J Coats (2004). evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. Fitoterapia, Vol. Catnip, ( ) - a closer 81, Issue 6, 621-626. look: seasonal occurrence of nepetalactone isomers and comparative repellency of three terpenoids to 39. Nostro A, MP Germanò, V D’Angelo, A Marino and MA . insects. Environmental entomology, Vol. 33, Issue 6, 1562- Cannatelli (2000). Extraction methods and bioautography etters in pplied 1569. for evaluation of medicinal plant antimicrobial activity Lamiaceae L A Microbiology, Vol. 30, Issue 5, 379–384. 52. Senechal NP (1990). Evaluation of native perennial Nepeta as sources of nectar for honey bees. Doctoral 40. Nostro Antonia, Maria Angela Cannatelli, Giuseppe cataria dissertation, Iowa State University. Crisafi, Staphylococcus Vittorio Alonzo aureus (2001). The effect of extract on adherence and enzyme production 53. Shakhnoza S Azimova, Anna I Glushenkova (2012). Lipids, of . International Journal of Lipophilic Components and Essential Oils from Plant Antimicrobial Agents, Volume 18, Issue 6, 583-585. Sources. Ed. Springer London, ISBN 978-0-85729-322-0, Agastache 439. 41. foeniculumNykänen Irma,. Planta Yvonne medica, Vol. Holm, and Raimo Hiltunen Nepeta cataria (1989). Composition of the Essential Oil of 54. Sherry CJ, PS Hunter. (1979). The effect of an ethanol 55, Issue 3, 314-315. extract of catnip ( ) on the behavior of Agastache foeniculum c the young chick Experientia, Vol. 35, Issue 2, 237-238. 42. Omidbaigi R, F Sefidkon (2003). Essential Oil Composition of ultivated in Iran. Journal of 55. Srifi A, B Rahmouni, El H Bouidida, K Alaoui, Y Cherrah Essential Oil Research, Vol. 15, Issue 1, 52-53. (2013).Nepeta Étude phytochimique. et activité antifongique Agastache in vitro des huiles essentielles de quatre espèces du 43. Omidbaigi R, F Sefidkon (2004). Effect of sowing time on foeniculum genre du Maroc Phytothérapie. Vol. 11, Issue the essential oil content and composition of 3, 161-171. . J. of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, Vol. 7, Issue Nepeta 2, 190-194. 56. catariaSuschke U, N. F Sporer,cataria J var. Schneele, citriodora HK Geiss & J Reichling Spodoptera littoralis. (2007). Antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of 44. Pavela Roman (2005). Insecticidal activity of some Melissa officinalis L., (Beck.) Balb. and essential oils against larvae of 2 L. essential oils. Natural Product Fitoterapia, Vol. 76, Issues 7–8, 691-696. Communications, Vol. , Issue 12, 1277-1286.
Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 72(1) / 2015 Agastache foeniculum and Nepeta cataria 31
Overview Regarding the Bioactivity of Species
57. Tisserand Robert, Rodney Young (2014). 13 - Essential oil 66. Zenasni L, H Bouidida, A Hancali, A Boudhane, H NepetaAmzal, profiles. Essential Oil Safety (Second Edition),Agastache Churchill A Idrissi, A Aouad, Y Bakri & A Benjouad (2008). The sectionLivingstone Agastache Elsevier, 187-482.(Labiatae) essentials oils and antimicrobial activity of four 58. Vogelmann JE (1983). A biosystematic study of species from Morocco. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2(5), 111-114. (Doctoral dissertation,Agastache Indianasection University).Agastache. . 67. Zhang Hui, Shanshan Lu, Jian Wu, Yi Jiang, Yingmin Lu, 59. Vogelmann JE (1984). Flavonoids of Huien Zhao (2014). Effect of substrate depth on 18 non- Biochemical Systematics and Ecology succulent herbaceous perennials for extensive green roofs Vol. 12, Issue 4, 363–366. in a region with a dry spring. Ecological Engineering, Vol. Agastache 71, 490-500. 60. sect. Vogelmann Agastache JE (1985).Labiatae Crossing relationships among North American and eastern Asian populations of 68. Zhu J, X Zeng, T Liu, K Qian, Y Han, S Xue, B Tucker, G ( ). Systematic Botany,Vol. 10, No. Schultz, J Coats, W Rowley & A Zhang (2006). Adult 4, 445-452. repellency and larvicidal activity of five plant essential oils against mosquitoes. Journal of the American Mosquito 61. Wang Mingfu, Ka-Wing Cheng, Qingli Wu and James E. Nepeta cataria Control Association, 22(3), 515-522. massSimon spectrometric(2007). Quantification detection of. nepetalactones in catnip. Nepeta cataria ( L.) by HPLC coupled with ultraviolet and 69. Zhu JJ, XP Zeng, D Berkebile,. ed HJand Du, et Y Tongnt and K Qian Phytochemical analysis (2009). Efficacy and safety of catnip ( ) as Vol. 18, Issue 2, 157–160. a novel filth fly repellent M V E , Vol. 23, Issue 3, 209–216. 62. Widrlechner MP (1992). A field evaluation of native mint family plants as honey bee forage in Iowa. In Proceedings 70. Zhu JJ, DR Berkebile, CA Dunlap, A Zhang, D Boxler, Nepeta K of the Twelfth North American Prairie Conference. catariaTangtrakulwanich, RW Behle, F Baxendale and G Brewer University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, 39-42. repellent(2012). Nepetalactones. edical and from essential oil of Agastache. represent a stable fly feeding and oviposition 63. Wilson LA, NP Senechal, MP Widrlechner (1992). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , M Veterinary Entomology, Vol. 26, Headspace analysis of the volatile oils of Issue 2, 131–138. , Vol. 40 Issue 8, 1362–1366. 71. Zhu JJ, BJ Wienhold, J Wehrle, D Davis, H Chen, D Taylor, Nepeta. K Friesen and L Zurek (2014). Efficacy and longevity of 64. Woods MW and HG DuBuy (1951). Hereditary and . edical and newly developed catnip oil microcapsules against stable Pathogenic Nature of Mutant Mitochondria in fly oviposition and larval growth M Veterinary Journal of the national Cancer Institute. 1105-1151. . Entomology, Vol. 28, Issue 2, 222–227. 65. Yashika Bhalla, Vinay Kumar Gupta and Vikas Jaitak ood and . 72. Zielińska S and Matkowski A (2014). Phytochemistry and (2013). Anticancer activity of essential oils: a review Agastache Lamiaceae bioactivity of aromatic and medicinal plants from the Journal of the Science of F Agriculture Vol. 93, genus ( ). Phytochem Rev., Vol. 13, Issue 15, 3643–3653. 391–416.
Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 72(1) / 2015