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The Geology of the Burke Quadrangle, Vermont

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The Geology of the Burke Quadrangle, Vermont THE GEOLOGY OF THE BURKE QUADRANGLE, VERMONT By BERTRAM G. WOODLAND off tC 200 STE STREET VERMONT GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES G. DOLL, State Geologist Published by VERMONT DEVELOPMENT DEIARTMENT MONTPELIER, VERMONT BULLETIN No. 28 1965 - Fiure 1. Fiontispie c Burke Mountain, Umpire \Iountain (left), and the northern spur of Kirby Mountain right) are resistant e-'se' of homteled Gilc \lount'&in fonuttion jj nuuite. View southeist\vards from near Marshall Swhool. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ABSTRACT 9 INTRODUCTION ...................... 10 Location ........................ 10 Methods of study .................... 10 Acknowledgments .................... 12 Physiography ...................... 14 Settlement ....................... 17 Previous work ..................... 18 STRATIGRAPHY ...................... 19 General statement .................... 19 Thicknesses ..................... 19 Age of formations ................... 20 Sequence ....................... 20 Albee Formation ..................... 21 Amphibolite ...................... 22 Waits River Formation ................. 23 Impure limestone ................... 23 Pelitic rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Psammitic beds .................... 25 Amphibolite ...................... 27 Light-colored hornblende quartzose bands . . . . . . . 31 Meta-acid igneous rocks ................ 31 Gile Mountain Formation ................. 34 Quartzose phvllite ....................35 Pelitic rocks ...................... 39 Amphibolite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Amphibole-bearing quartzite .............. 42 Dark hornblende-rich bands .............. 43 Meetinghouse Slate ................... 44 INTRUSIVE RocKs ..................... 45 Granitic rocks and hornfels-granite complexes ........ 45 Kirby-Burke-Umpire-East Haven mountains and Hobart Ridge ....................... 45 Southeast Victory ....................50 Newark ........................52 East Mountain .....................53 Seneca Mountain ....................55 PA GE McSherry Mountain-Newark Street ........... 57 Contact relations and mode of emplacement.......... S8 Granitic dikes ..................... 59 Mafic dikes ....................... 60 Metamorphosed mafic dikes ............... 62 STRUCTURE ........................ 62 Minor structural features ................. 62 Planar features .................... 63 Primary planar feature: Bedding (S 0 ) ......... 63 Secondary planar features . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Schistosity (S1 ) .................. 66 False cleavage (S 2 ) ................ 67 Cleavage in pelitic beds . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Cleavage in quartzose rocks ........... 81 Cleavage in calcarcous rocks ........... 82 Analysis of attitudes of S 2 cleavage ......... 83 Slip sense on S i .................. 85 Relationship of S 1 and S 2 .............. 87 Joints ...................... 88 Acid dike trends ................. 89 Faults ...................... 89 Minor folds ...................... 89 Earlier B 1 folds ................... 89 Later B 2 folds ................... 92 Linear features .................... 96 Fold axes ..................... 96 B 1 folds ..................... 97 B 2 folds ..................... 97 Lincation ..................... 100 B 1 Imeation ................... 101 B 2 lineation ................... 101 Lineation girdles ................. 103 Axial directions .................. 105 Rodding ..................... 105 Boudinage .................... 107 Relationships of Burke structural data .......... 107 Major structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1122 METAMORPHISM ...................... 117 Mineralogy of the metamorphic rocks ........... 118 PAGE Characteristic mineral assemblages ............ 130 In pelitic and semi-pelitic rocks ............. 130 In quartzose rocks ................... 130 In amphibole quartzite (light-colored variety) ....... 131 In amphibole quartzite (dark-colored variety) ....... 131 In amphibolite .................... 131 In impure limestone .................. 132 Discussion ....................... 133 Textures and metamorphic grade ............ 133 Metamorphism in the horofels ............. 137 Muscovitization .................... 143 SUMMARY OF THE GEOLOGIC HISTORY OF THE BURKE QUADRANGLE 144 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY .................... 146 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................... 147 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS List of Plates PLATE PAGE 1. Geologic map of the Burke quadrangle ........in pocket 2. Planar features map of the Burke quadrangle .....in pocket 3. Linear features map of the Burke quadrangle .....in pocket 4. Way-up of bedding (S 0) and shear sense on schistosity (S 1) of the Burke quadrangle . in pocket 5. Contoured stereogramS of structural data of the Burke quadrangle . in pocket List of Figures FIGURE PAGE 1. (Frontispiece) View of Umpire, Burke, and Kirby mountains 2 2. Location of the Burke quadrangle ............11 3. Index letters to Burke quadrangle ninths .........13 4. View of northwestern portion of the Burke quadrangle . 15 5. Photornicrograph of Albee staurolite-garnet-mica-quartz schist 22 6. Sharp minor folds in Waits River impure limestone . 25 7. Flow folding in Waits River impure limestone ......26 8. Flow folding, jointing, and rodding in Waits River impure limestone .......................27 FIGURE PAGE 9. Quartz veins and masses in flow-folded Waits River impure limestone ....................... 28 10. Photomicrograph of Waits River impure limestone 29 11. Reticulate weathered surface of amphibolite ....... 30 12. Photomicrograph of Waits River amphibolite ........31 13. Photomicrograph of sheared amphibolite ......... 32 14. Photomicrograph of meta-quartz keratophyre ........ 33 15. Typically banded Gile Mountain strata ......... 36 16. Photomicrograph of Gile Mountain quartz schist ..... 37 17. Photomicrograph of a folded quartz vein ......... 38 18. Photomicrograph of Gile Mountain staurolite-biotite schist 40 19. Photomicrograph of Gile Mountain andalusite hornfels. 41 20. Photomicrograph of Gile Mountain dark hornhlende-rich hand 44 21. Mixed granite and hornfels (agmatite) .......... 46 22. Contact between Gile Mountain hornfels and granite . . 47 23. Migmatite ...................... 48 24. Contact between caic-silicate hornfels and granite ..... 49 25. So, S1 , and S2 relationships in banded phyllite ....... 68 26. S2 cleavage in quartzose and pelitic phyllite ....... 69 27. B 2 folding in typically banded Gile Mountain strata . . . 70 28. Cleavage mullions of a quartz vein ........... 71 29. Microfolding of schistosity (Si) ............. 72 30. a) Microfolding of schistosity (S i ) ............ 73 30. b) Enlarged portion of Fig. 30a ............. 74 30. c) Enlarged portion to left of Fig. 30a .......... 75 31. Photomicrograph of microfolding in Gile Mountain banded phyllite ....................... 76 32. Photomicrograph of microfolding in banded phyllite from the transition zone between the Waits River and Gile Mountain formations ...................... 77 33. Well-developed S 2 cleavage and relict schistosity (S i) . . 78 34. S and S2 relationships in Waits River banded phvllite . . 79 35. Microfolding in Gile Mountain phyllite ......... 80 36. Photomicrograph of microfolded schistosity (S i) ...... 81 37. Photomicrograph of S 2 axial plane cleavage ........ 82 38. Open fold and quartz veins cut by fracture cleavage .... 83 39. Fracture cleavage in Gile Mountain quartzose phyllite . . 84 40. Shear cleavage in Gile Mountain quartzose phyllite . . . 85 41. Shear fold in Waits River quartzose phyllite ....... 86 FIGURE PAGE 42. Later (13 2 ) fold in Gile Mountain banded phyllite ..... 90 43. Steeply-plunging later (13 2 ) fold in Gile Mountain banded phyllite ....................... 91 44. Plunging earlier (13 1) folds in the Gile Mountain formation . 92 45. Tight isoclinal earlier (13 1 ) folds in the Waits River formation 93 46. Earlier (13 1) minor fold with axial plane schistosity (S 1 ) . . 94 47. Isolated core of earlier (13 1) minor fold .......... 95 48. Refolded folds in Waits River impure limestone ...... 96 49. Refolded isoclinal fold in Gile Mountain banded phyllite . . 97 50. Later (13 2) minor fold in Gile Mountain banded phyllite . . 98 51. Drag folds in phyllite ................. 99 52. Later (13 2 ) minor folds in Gile Mountain banded phyllite . . 100 53. Photomicrograph of folded quartz veins in phyllite . . . . 101 54. Two lineations on schistosity (S i) of phyllite ....... 103 55. Three lineations on schistosity (S 1) of phyllite ....... 104 56. Composite stereograms of structural data of the Burke quad- rangle ........................ 106 57. Synoptic stereograms of structural data of the Burke quad- rangle and its subareas ...............108, 109 58. Map of generalized, statistically-derived structural data of the Burke quadrangle and its subareas ........... 110 59. Photomicrograph of staurolite in Gile Mountain hornfels . . 121 60. Photomicrograph of andalusite-sillimanite schist ...... 123 61. Photomicrograph of sillimanite-garnet hornfels ...... 124 62. Photomicrograph of "shimmer aggregate" in hornfels . . . 125 63. Photomicrograph of staurolite-sillimanite hornfels ..... 126 64. Photomicrograph of kyanite-andalusite-fibrolite-bearing rock 127 65. Photomicrograph of staurolite-garnet schist ........ 128 66. Photomicrograph of staurolite-garnet-chlorite schist . . . . 135 67. Photomicrograph of staurolite-garnet-sillimanite hornfels . . 139 THE GEOLOGY OF THE BURKE QUADRANGLE,
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