The Unpublished Journal of Gideon Mantell 1819 – 1852 Edited with an introduction by John A. Cooper © 2010 The Royal Pavilion & Museums, Brighton & Hove UK 1 The Unpublished Journal of Gideon Mantell: 1819 – 1852 Introduction Historians of English society of the early 19th century, particularly those interested in the history of science, will be familiar with the journal of Gideon Algernon Mantell (1790-1852). Whilst not kept on a daily basis, Mantell’s journal, kept from 1818, offers valuable insights into not only his own remarkable life and work, but through his comments on a huge range of issues and personalities, contributes much to our understanding of contemporary science and society. Gideon Mantell died in 1852. All of his extensive archives passed first to his son Reginald and on his death, to his younger son Walter who in 1840 had emigrated to New Zealand. These papers together with Walter’s own library and papers were donated to the Alexander Turnbull Library in Wellington, New Zealand in 1927 by his daughter-in- law. At some time after that, a typescript was produced of the entire 4-volume manuscript journal and it is this typescript which has been the principal reference point for subsequent workers. In particular, an original copy was lodged with the Sussex Archaeological Society in Lewes, Sussex. In 1940, E. Cecil Curwen published his abridged version of Gideon Mantell’s Journal (Oxford University Press 1940) and his pencilled marks on the typescript indicate those portions of the text which he reproduced. About half of the text was published by Curwen. Although the first entry in the Journal is dated January 1st 1818, the entries for that year are all retrospective and were published in full by Curwen (p.1-3). The first entry not in Curwen does not occur until February 5th, 1819. I should add at this point that the last entry in the fourth volume of Mantell’s journal is 14 June 1852. It was later discovered that during his last few months (Mantell died in November) he had used a fifth volume, later used by Reginald and thus caught up in his own archives. The entries from these six months have been published in full by Dell 1983. As one researcher, like many others, who wanted to consult the unpublished parts of Mantell’s journal, I was required to visit Lewes to consult the transcript, and at least in my case, was rewarded with a piece of information which would otherwise have eluded me*. My journey to Lewes from Brighton, a distance of a mere 8 miles, caused me no great inconvenience; this is not the case for most, for whom it was a severe problem, and on more than one occasion I was asked to consult this document on behalf of others. In 1991, in the course of my duties as Keeper of Geology at the Booth Museum of Natural History in Brighton, I was asked to review and report on the geological collections of Norman Norris (1917-1991) who had lived close by and had left his collections to the National Trust. Norris had formerly been the Curator of the Sussex Archaeological Society. Among the substantial personal collections that he, his father and his grandfather had amassed, was a second copy (a modern photocopy) of the typescript of Mantell’s Journal, no doubt obtained during his tenure in Lewes. Along with certain fossils, this was subsequently acquired by the Booth Museum. * For those who are curious, I discovered that George Bax Holmes of Horsham, had received Mantell as a visitor in November 1835, a fact critical to my researches. (see Cooper 1992) 2 Disentangling those parts of the typescript which Curwen had published from those parts which he had not, was an arduous business. Following further requests for information from the unpublished portions of the Journal, I decided that it would be beneficial to extract those unpublished parts, thereby producing a far quicker and easier method of consultation. This work began in 1995 and was completed in 1996. The hard slog of typing was ably taken on by the clerical assistant at the Booth Museum then, Josie Buckwell, to whom I owe a huge debt of gratitude. It quickly became clear that Curwen had, of course, cherry-picked the most important and interesting parts of the Journal. Nevertheless, what remained was a plethora of names and events, any of which could provide a valuable clue, a proven connection or date to a researcher. Of course, rendering this text into a computer document as opposed to a second typescript produced a huge advantage – the text became searchable. This meant that within a few seconds I was able to answer many of the queries which came to me; far quicker than if I had had to consult the paper transcript, even with an index. Perhaps it was this fact that mitigated against traditional publication, for no company I approached would consider publishing this document. Only one expressed an interest, but for him, it had to be the publication of Mantell’s entire Journal, including that published by Curwen, effectively replacing Curwen as the main source. I might have considered this if Curwen’s book was difficult to find, but it is not. And akin to the primacy of Linnean names accorded by their first taxonomist, I did not want to usurp Curwen’s fine work, let alone tackle the huge job of typing all of its contents. But we are now in a new age. Publication of work on the internet is commonplace and this avenue of approach can, with a few keystrokes anywhere in the world, result in access to any document that can be made available. Placing this previously unpublished material at public disposal, provides, I trust a useful resource for colleagues and future researchers, and in this format, it remains searchable. I want to thank the Alexander Turnbull Library, and in particular David Colquhoun for their kind consent to this publication, and Catherine English, Curator (Collections Knowledge) of the Royal Pavilion & Museums who has made this technically possible. John A. Cooper, BSc, AMA, FGS. Volunteer & Training Manager Royal Pavilion & Museums, Brighton & Hove October 2010 References Cooper, J.A. 1992 The life and work of George Bax Holmes (1803-1887) of Horsham, Sussex: a Quaker vertebrate fossil collector. Archives of Natural History, Vol 19 (3): 379-400. Curwen, E.C. 1940 The Journal of Gideon Mantell, surgeon and geologist. Covering the years 1818-1852. Edited with an introduction and notes by E. Cecil Curwen. An 3 abridgment. With plates, including a portrait. Oxford University Press Dell,S. 1983 Gideon Algernon Mantell’sunpublished journal,June- November 1852. The Turnbull Library Record Vol.16: 77-94 Notes on use of the Journal entries It will be clear that the Journal entries are arranged by year and then by the date as recorded in the Journal itself. Any material that is published in Curwen is indicated by its enclosure in [square brackets]. Where this is more than a word or two, the extent of the text in Curwen is indicated by: [the beginning of the text……..to the end of the text]. Such references may occur at the beginning, within or at the end of the published text. Where complete entries for a given date were published by Curwen, the date is contained in square brackets, thus: [Feb 12]. In such cases there is no additional text remaining unpublished for that date. If any errors are present, they may represent original errors in the transcription from Mantell’s manuscript. Any others remain my responsibility. For any further enquiries, please email me at [email protected] JAC 4 1819 Feb 5 [This day I opened ... largest cyst:] the mass of diseased ovarium filled up the whole abdominal cavity it extended to the epigastrium, the stomach, colon etc. were pushed out of their situation by the tumour. The tumour consisted of numerous cysts, some contained serum; others a thick albuminous fluid; its surface was covered by hyatids. Feb 6 Mr Rollo is forming a Hortus siccus of indigenous plants - I collected some of the Cryptogamia for ??? - viz. Asplenium scolopindrium, Polypodium, vulg. etc. This day I received a packet of Fossils from G. Cumberland Esqr of Bristol; it consists chiefly of Corallines from the red rock of that neighbourhood. [Gathered primroses .... without a fire]. This day is the Anniversary Meeting of our Library Society. I dined with about 40 of the members, at the Star Inn. - Mr Woollgar, the President of the Society, was absent in consequence of illness - a very pleasant party. In the evening I selected certain specimens of fossils and minerals from the collection of Mr Moore for which I paid him three pounds. To-day my dear wife presented to me the "History of the Napoleon Medals". It is a very good work but wants plates to make it interesting. [Feb 12] Feb 13 Labelled the Bristol specimens sent me by Mr Cumberland. Walked to Rasden and visited Dewdney - ill with Typhus Fever - very rainy and tempestuous. Feb 15 Busily engaged as usual in my professional visits. The lad, whose thumb and finger I amputated about three weeks since is now quite well. - My Camelia Japonica and Pyrus are in full blossom. Feb 17 Dined with Mr Woollgar. Received a noble looking-glass for my Drawing room from Mrs Woodhouse. Feb20 Removed a polypus from the nose of a poor boy; received some specimens of Alcyon; and a julus of the Larch from Mr Jenner's quarry. [Feb 24-Feb 25] Feb 26 Severe frost and snow.