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Vysoke´Ucˇenítechnicke´V Brneˇ VYSOKE´ UCˇ ENI´ TECHNICKE´ V BRNEˇ BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FAKULTA INFORMACˇ NI´CH TECHNOLOGII´ U´ STAV INFORMACˇ NI´CH SYSTE´ MU˚ FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS NA´ STROJE PRO TESTOVA´ NI´ PROPUSTNOSTI SI´TEˇ BAKALA´ Rˇ SKA´ PRA´ CE BACHELOR’S THESIS AUTOR PRA´ CE PAVOL LOFFAY AUTHOR BRNO 2013 VYSOKE´ UCˇ ENI´ TECHNICKE´ V BRNEˇ BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FAKULTA INFORMACˇ NI´CH TECHNOLOGII´ U´ STAV INFORMACˇ NI´CH SYSTE´ MU˚ FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS NA´ STROJE PRO TESTOVA´ NI´ PROPUSTNOSTI SI´TEˇ COMPARISON OF OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR NETWORK DIAGNOSTICS BAKALA´ Rˇ SKA´ PRA´ CE BACHELOR’S THESIS AUTOR PRA´ CE PAVOL LOFFAY AUTHOR VEDOUCI´ PRA´ CE Ing. PETR MATOUSˇ EK, Ph.D. SUPERVISOR BRNO 2013 Abstrakt Cílem této práce je vytvoøit re¹er¹i existujících open source nástrojù, které jsou zaměřeny na diagnostiku síťového provozu pomocí měření propustnosti a dalších základních para- metrù. Práce se věnuje vytvoření metodiky pro testování a vzájemné porovnání nástrojù. Výsledkem práce je doporučení pro běžného uživatele spočívající v doporučení správného nástroje pro měření příslušného parametru síťového provozu. Abstract The aim of this work is to make a research of existing open source tools, which are concerned with the diagnosis of the network transmission in the form of measuring of throughput and other basic parameters. The work is devoted to the construction of methodics for testing and comparing devices between themselves. The result of the work is recommendation to an ordinary customer the right application for measuring of given network transmission parameter. Klíčová slova propustnost, zpoždění paketù, rozptyl zpoždení, ztráta paketù, změna poradí paketù Keywords throughput, delay, jitter, delay variation, packet loss, packet reordering Citace Pavol Loffay: Nástroje pro testování propustnosti sítě, bakaláøská práce, Brno, FIT VUT v Brně, 2013 Nástroje pro testování propustnosti sítě Prohlášení Prehlasujem, že som túto bakalársku prácu vypracoval samostatne pod vedením pána Ing. Petra Matou¹ka, Ph.D. ....................... Pavol Loffay 14. května 2013 Poděkování Týmto by som chcel poďakova» vedúcemu mojej práce pánovi Ing. Petrovi Matou¹kovi, Ph.D. za jeho cenné rady a nemalé množstvo èasu, ktoré mi venoval pri tvorbe tejto práce. c Pavol Loffay, 2013. Tato práce vznikla jako školní dílo na Vysokém učení technickém v Brně, Fakultě informa- čních technologií. Práce je chráněna autorským zákonem a její užití bez udělení oprávnění autorem je nezákonné, s výjimkou zákonem definovaných případů. Obsah 1 Úvod 3 2 Merateľné parametre sie»ového prenosu5 2.1 Jednosmerné oneskorenie (delay)........................5 2.2 Rozptyl oneskorenia (jitter)...........................6 2.3 Priepustnos» (throughput)............................8 2.3.1 Meranie TCP priepustnosti podľa RFC 6494.............8 2.4 Strata paketov..................................9 2.5 Zmena poradia paketov.............................9 2.6 Prínos pre na¹u prácu.............................. 10 3 Metodika testovania nástrojov 11 3.1 Výber sledovaných parametrov sie»ového prenosu............... 11 3.2 Výber ďalších funkcionálnych vlastností.................... 12 3.3 Metodika testovania............................... 12 3.4 Zhrnutie...................................... 13 4 Prehľad testovaných nástrojov 14 4.1 Nástroj Iperf................................... 14 4.1.1 Architektúra............................... 14 4.1.2 Softvérové nároky............................ 15 4.1.3 Popis vybraných parametrov...................... 15 4.1.4 Ukážka testov............................... 16 4.1.5 Nekorektné správanie.......................... 17 4.1.6 Zhodnotenie................................ 17 4.2 Nástroj Netperf.................................. 18 4.2.1 Architektúra............................... 18 4.2.2 Softvérové nároky............................ 18 4.2.3 Popis vybraných parametrov...................... 19 4.2.4 Ukážka testov............................... 19 4.2.5 Nekorektné správanie.......................... 20 4.2.6 Zhodnotenie................................ 21 4.3 Nástroj BWCTL................................. 21 4.3.1 Architektúra............................... 21 4.3.2 Softvérové nároky............................ 22 4.3.3 Popis vybraných parametrov...................... 22 4.3.4 Ukážka testov............................... 23 4.3.5 Nekorektné správanie.......................... 24 1 4.3.6 Zhodnotenie................................ 24 4.4 Nástroj OWAMP................................. 24 4.4.1 Architektúra............................... 24 4.4.2 Softvérové nároky............................ 24 4.4.3 Popis vybraných parametrov...................... 25 4.4.4 Ukážka testov............................... 25 4.4.5 Nekorektné správanie.......................... 26 4.4.6 Protokol OWAMP............................ 26 4.4.7 Zhodnotenie................................ 26 4.5 Nástroj Thrulay................................. 27 4.5.1 Architektúra............................... 27 4.5.2 Softvérové nároky............................ 27 4.5.3 Popis vybraných parametrov...................... 28 4.5.4 Ukážka testov............................... 28 4.5.5 Nekorektné správanie.......................... 29 4.5.6 Zhodnotenie................................ 29 4.6 Nástroj Nuttcp.................................. 29 4.6.1 Architektúra............................... 30 4.6.2 Softvérové nároky............................ 30 4.6.3 Popis vybraných parametrov...................... 30 4.6.4 Ukážka testov............................... 31 4.6.5 Nekorektné správanie.......................... 31 4.6.6 Zhodnotenie................................ 31 4.7 Nástroj BWPing................................. 32 4.7.1 Architektúra............................... 32 4.7.2 Softvérové nároky............................ 32 4.7.3 Popis vybraných parametrov...................... 33 4.7.4 Ukážka testov............................... 33 4.7.5 Nekorektné správanie.......................... 33 4.7.6 Zhodnotenie................................ 33 4.8 Celkové vyhodnotenie.............................. 34 5 Testovanie na reálnej sieti 36 5.1 Metodika testovania............................... 36 5.1.1 Vstupné podmienky........................... 37 5.1.2 Rozmiestnenie.............................. 37 5.1.3 Testy................................... 38 5.1.4 ©tatistická úprava výsledkov...................... 39 5.2 Analýza výsledkov................................ 39 5.2.1 TCP Priepustnos»............................ 39 5.2.2 UDP Priepustnos»............................ 42 5.2.3 Strata paketov.............................. 44 5.2.4 Jednosmerné oneskorenie........................ 46 5.3 Záver s doporučením............................... 46 6 Záver 48 A Obsah CD disku 51 2 Kapitola 1 Úvod Počítačové siete sú v dne¹nej dobe natoľko rozšírené, že ich denne priamo èi nepriamo využívame v práci alebo bežnom živote. Preto je nevyhnutné vedie» správne diagnostikova» chyby prenosu alebo parametre siete, za ktoré platíme svojmu poskytovateľovi pripojenia. Bežní užívatelia pri problémoch s pripojením väčšinou nevedia diagnostikova» príčinu, preto využívajú služby vy¹kolených odborníkov. Táto práca sa zameriava na možnosti testovania sie»ového prenosu pre bežného užíva- teľa. Pre úèely testovania sme vybrali voľne dostupné open source nástroje, aby ich mohla použiť naj¹ir¹ia skupina užívateľov. Zameriame sa na meriame parametrov už skonvergo- vanej siete, ktorej topológia nie je známa. Tým pádom k sieti budeme pristupova» ako k èiernej skrinke. Pri problémoch so sie»ovým prenosom mnohokrát dochádza u samotných užívateľov. Sú spôsobené zlou konfiguráciou sie»ových rozhraní, chybou operaèného systému alebo problé- mom spôsobeným iným softvérom. Rie¹enie týchto chýb nie je predmetom na¹ej práce a bu- deme predpoklada», že sie»ové rozhrania koncových staníc sú korektne nastavené a sie»ová komunikácia prebieha správne. Hlavným cieľom práce je vyvinú» doporuèenie pre koncového užívateľa, ktorej pred- metom je otestovanie vybraných parametrov sie»ového prenosu. Správnos» výsledkov sa- mozrejme závisí od dokonalosti použitých nástrojov. Je dôležité si uvedomi», že výsledky môžu by» ovplyvnené aj inými faktormi, ktoré ovplyvňujú sie»ovú komunikáciu. Prièom uží- vateľ by mal získa» výsledky, ktoré bude schopný porovna» s hodnotami uvedenými v SLA (Service Level Agreement) od poskytovateľa konektivity. Aby sme sa dostali k vytvore- niu doporuèenia na testovanie parametrov sie»ového prenosu, je nutné vykona» prieskum a testovanie. Každá uvedená kapitola bude bližším krokom k danému cieľu. V prvej èasti práce budú popísané parametre sie»ového prenosu, ktoré sa dajú mera». Nezameriame sa len na parametre prenosu, ale zavedieme požiadavky aj na funkcionálne vlastnosti nástrojov. Vytvoríme metodiku, ktorej úèelom bude urèi», èi nástroj implemen- tuje testovanie týchto parametrov. Obsahom metodiky bude taktiež overenie funkcionálnych vlastností nástrojov. Táto metodika bude následne použitá v ďalšej kapitole. Ïal¹ia èas» práce sa venuje jednotlivým nástrojom. Budú uvedené softvérové nároky, popis parametrov, ukážky testov s príkladmi spustenia, ale aj chyby s nekorektným sprá- vaním. Výsledkom tejto kapitoly bude prehľadné zhrnutie, ktoré ukáže, aké parametre sa dajú s jednotlivými nástrojmi mera». Tretia kapitola bude zameraná na testovanie reálnej siete. Merania budú prebieha» z via- cerých miest voèi jednému koncovému bodu. Týmto spôsobom otestujeme
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