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I. Introduction
TRANSACTIONS ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY Korea Branch Volume 93 – 2018 1 COVER: The seal-shaped emblem of the RAS-KB consists of the following Chinese characters: 槿 (top right), 域 (bottom right), 菁 (top left), 莪 (bottom left), pronounced Kŭn yŏk Ch’ŏng A in Korean. The first two characters mean “the hibiscus region,” referring to Korea, while the other two (“luxuriant mugwort”) are a metaphor inspired by Confucian commentaries on the Chinese Book of Odes, and could be translated as “enjoy encouraging erudition.” SUBMISSIONS: Transactions invites the submission of manuscripts of both scholarly and more general interest pertaining to the anthropology, archeology, art, history, language, literature, philosophy, and religion of Korea. Manuscripts should be prepared in MS Word format and should be submitted in digital form. The style should conform to The Chicago Manual of Style (most recent edition). The covering letter should give full details of the author’s name, address and biography. Romanization of Korean words and names must follow either the McCune-Reischauer or the current Korean government system. Submissions will be peer- reviewed by two readers specializing in the field. Manuscripts will not be returned and no correspondence will be entered into concerning rejections. Transactions (ISSN 1229-0009) General Editor: Jon Dunbar Copyright © 2019 Royal Asiatic Society – Korea Branch Room 611, Christian Building, Daehangno 19 (Yeonji-dong), Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-736 Republic of Korea Tel: (82-2) 763-9483; Fax: (82-2) 766-3796; Email: [email protected] Visit our website at www.raskb.com TRANSACTIONS Volume 93 – 2018 Contents The Diamond Mountains: Lost Paradise Brother Anthony 1 Encouragement from Dongducheon 19 North Korean Fragments of Post-Socialist Guyana Moe Taylor 31 The Gyehu Deungnok Mark Peterson 43 “Literature Play” in a New World Robert J. -
List of the 90 Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage
Albania • Albanian Folk Iso-Polyphony (2005) Algeria • The Ahellil of Gourara (2005) Armenia • The Duduk and its Music (2005) Azerbaijan • Azerbaijani Mugham (2003) List of the 90 Masterpieces Bangladesh • Baul Songs (2005) of the Oral and Belgium • The Carnival of Binche (2003) Intangible Belgium, France Heritage of • Processional Giants and Dragons in Belgium and Humanity France (2005) proclaimed Belize, Guatemala, by UNESCO Honduras, Nicaragua • Language, Dance and Music of the Garifuna (2001) Benin, Nigeria and Tog o • The Oral Heritage of Gelede (2001) Bhutan • The Mask Dance of the Drums from Drametse (2005) Bolivia • The Carnival Oruro (2001) • The Andean Cosmovision of the Kallawaya (2003) Brazil • Oral and Graphic Expressions of the Wajapi (2003) • The Samba de Roda of Recôncavo of Bahia (2005) Bulgaria • The Bistritsa Babi – Archaic Polyphony, Dances and Rituals from the Shoplouk Region (2003) Cambodia • The Royal Ballet of Cambodia (2003) • Sbek Thom, Khmer Shadow Theatre (2005) Central African Republic • The Polyphonic Singing of the Aka Pygmies of Central Africa (2003) China • Kun Qu Opera (2001) • The Guqin and its Music (2003) • The Uyghur Muqam of Xinjiang (2005) Colombia • The Carnival of Barranquilla (2003) • The Cultural Space of Palenque de San Basilio (2005) Costa Rica • Oxherding and Oxcart Traditions in Costa Rica (2005) Côte d’Ivoire • The Gbofe of Afounkaha - the Music of the Transverse Trumps of the Tagbana Community (2001) Cuba • La Tumba Francesa (2003) Czech Republic • Slovácko Verbunk, Recruit Dances (2005) -
Master's Degree Programme in Economics and Management of Arts and Cultural Activities(LM-76) the “Living Human Treasures”
Master’s Degree Programme in Economics and Management of Arts and Cultural Activities (LM-76) Master Thesis The “Living Human Treasures” System in the Republic of Korea Advisor: Professor Lauso Zagato Co-Advisor: Professor Vincenza D’Urso Student: Jessica Rossi Student number: 836329 Academic Year: 2017-2018 CONTENTS Acknowledgments…………………………………………………………………………………4 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..5 Chapter 1 Sources…………………………………………………………………………....10 1. International Universal Instruments……………………………………………..10 a. Hard Law b. Soft Law 2. International Regional Instruments……………………………………………...16 a. Asia-Pacific b. Europe 3. National Legislations……………………………………………………………21 a. Republic of Korea b. Japan c. France Chapter 2 Definitions, Frameworks and Historical Background……………………………23 Section 1: Defining and Understanding ICH…………………………………………….23 1. Intangible Cultural Heritage: A Definition……………………………………..23 2. Recommendation on the Safeguarding of Traditional Culture and Folklore (UNESCO - 1989)……………………………………………………………....33 3. Marrakech Meeting - 1997 …………………………………………………….42 4. The Washington Conference – 1999…………………………………………...45 5. Proclamation of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity (UNESCO - 2001)……………………………………………………48 6. Towards 2003 Convention: Turin, Elche and Rio Meetings…………………...52 7. 2003 Convention………………………………………………………………..59 Section 2: Defining and Understanding the Living Human Treasures System………….68 1. Living Human Treasures: A Definition in Multiple Definitions………………..68 2. ROK Proposal -
Utility of Digital Technologies for the Sustainability of Intangible Cultural
sustainability Article Utility of Digital Technologies for the Sustainability y of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) in Korea Seulah Kim 1, Dong-uk Im 1, Jongoh Lee 1 and Heejae Choi 2,* 1 Graduate School, Global Culture & Contents, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 107, Imun-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02450, Korea; [email protected] (S.K.); [email protected] (D.-u.I.); [email protected] (J.L.) 2 College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 107, Imun-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02450, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-10-9170-9430 The research material has been utilised in a preliminary study, and some preliminary results have been y presented at the ‘2nd Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 20190, Singapore, 26–30 January 2019. Received: 10 July 2019; Accepted: 25 October 2019; Published: 3 November 2019 Abstract: The importance of preserving intangible cultural heritage (ICH) for sustainable development has been widely acknowledged by the international society. Various forms of cooperation have taken place to prevent deterioration and destruction due to its inherent characteristic of ‘intangibleness’. Public engagement, however, has largely been excluded from the system in spite of its significance in safeguarding ICH by inducing people to be trained as successors. In this respect, this paper discusses and emphasises the necessity of public engagement in safeguarding ICH. To this end, it suggests the use of digital technologies to create museum content to encourage public involvement with and learning about ICH. Focusing on ICH in Korea, digital exhibitions on Jultagi and Daemokjang utilising virtual reality technology are proposed. -
Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity As Heritage Fund
ElemeNts iNsCriBed iN 2012 oN the UrGeNt saFeguarding List, the represeNtatiVe List iNTANGiBLe CULtURAL HERITAGe aNd the reGister oF Best saFeguarding praCtiCes What is it? UNESCo’s ROLe iNTANGiBLe CULtURAL SECRETARIAT Intangible cultural heritage includes practices, representations, Since its adoption by the 32nd session of the General Conference in HERITAGe FUNd oF THE CoNVeNTION expressions, knowledge and know-how that communities recognize 2003, the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural The Fund for the Safeguarding of the The List of elements of intangible cultural as part of their cultural heritage. Passed down from generation to Heritage has experienced an extremely rapid ratification, with over Intangible Cultural Heritage can contribute heritage is updated every year by the generation, it is constantly recreated by communities in response to 150 States Parties in the less than 10 years of its existence. In line with financially and technically to State Intangible Cultural Heritage Section. their environment, their interaction with nature and their history, the Convention’s primary objective – to safeguard intangible cultural safeguarding measures. If you would like If you would like to receive more information to participate, please send a contribution. about the 2003 Convention for the providing them with a sense of identity and continuity. heritage – the UNESCO Secretariat has devised a global capacity- Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural building strategy that helps states worldwide, first, to create -
The Bawdy, Brawling, Boisterous World of Korean Mask Dance Dramas: a Brief Essay to Accompany Photographs
The Bawdy, Brawling, Boisterous World of Korean Mask Dance Dramas: A Brief Essay to Accompany Photographs CedarBough Saeji, University of California, Los Angeles Note: This essay is a companion piece to “Korean Mask Dance Dramas,” a photo essay also published in the September 2012 issue of the Cross-Currents e-journal. The photo essay features 24 photographs taken by the author in Korea in the years 2008-2011. Introduction Korean mask dance dramas are captivating and entrancing. Comedy, tragedy, and social commentary meld with energetic dance, distinctive masks, and lively music. These dramas are often colloquially and incorrectly referred to as talchum (“mask dance”) in Korean—in fact, talchum is one of the major variants of mask dance drama from Hwanghae Province in present- day North Korea. Performers of other variants have long objected to the broad application of the term (akin to calling all in-line skates “Rollerblades” or all MP3 players “iPods”). Only in the late 1990s did academia catch on, when two highly respected midcareer mask dance drama scholars, Bak Jintae (Daegu University) and Jeon Kyungwook (Korea University), began to use the terminology talnoli (“mask play”) and gamyeon-geuk (“mask drama”) in their publications. I needed to watch only one performance, in 1997, to fall in love with the mask dance dramas, but at first the many forms of the genre melded together in my mind. It took repeated exposure and study over more than a dozen years for me to see the profound similarities and differences among all of Korea’s mask dance dramas. Part of my learning process was exploring the existing scholarship on mask dance dramas. -
Gendered Practices and Conceptions in Korean Drumming: on the Negotiation of "Femininity" and "Masculinity" by Korean Female Drummers
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 10-2014 Gendered Practices and Conceptions in Korean Drumming: On the Negotiation of "Femininity" and "Masculinity" by Korean Female Drummers Yoonjah Choi Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/413 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Gendered Practices and Conceptions in Korean Drumming: On the Negotiation of “Femininity” and “Masculinity” by Korean Female Drummers by Yoonjah Choi A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Music in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2014 2014 Yoonjah Choi All Rights Reserved ii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Music in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date Emily Wilbourne, Chair of Examining Committee Date Norman Carey, Executive Officer Professor Jane Sugarman Professor Peter Manuel Professor Anderson Sutton Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract Gendered Practices and Conceptions in Korean Drumming: On the Negotiation of “Femininity” and “Masculinity” by Korean Female Drummers by Yoonjah Choi Ph.D. in Ethnomusicology Advisor: Professor Jane Sugarman Korean drumming, one of the most popular musical practices in South Korea, currently exists in a state of contradiction as drumming, historically performed by men, is increasingly practiced by women. -
A Story of the Management of the Gangneung Danoje Festival
2018 "Replacing Faith in Spirits with Faith in Heritage: A Story of the Management of the Gangneung Danoje Festival." In Safeguarding Intangible Heritage: Practices and Policies, edited by Laurajane Smith and Natsuko Akagawa. 155-173. London: Routledge. Chapter 10 Replacing faith in spirits with faith in heritage A story of the management of the Gangneung Danoje Festival CedarBough T. Saeji Vignette A precisely coiffed shaman faced the audience; at her back a long altar covered with food offerings and elaborate displays of vibrantly colored paper flowers. At the center of the altar was a seolgyeong, cut out paper figures of the deceased, and to each side there were photos and small name tablets used in Korean memorial rituals. This o-gu-gut, a ritual traditionally used to send souls to the other side, was being held for all the deceased members of the Gangneung Danoje Preservation Association. The name tablets and photographs represented those who had achieved the highest rank before their passing. In front of the shaman were musi- cians, arranged in a U shape, with the shaman at the open end of the U and the most important musician, the player of the hourglass drum, in the center with his back to the audience. As this o-gu-gut, part of a celebration of the 10th anniversary of UNESCO designation for Gangneung Danoje, began to hit its stride, the shaman Kim Dongyeon chanted about Sin Seoknam, a now-deceased National Human Treasure, and one of Kim’s teachers. Repeatedly she referenced cultural policy: “She protected our culture . wah-wah-wah,” she sing-cried, “She would want to know that now we have many advanced learners . -
Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, 2009; 2010
2009 United Nations Intangible Educational, Scientific and Cultural Cultural Organization Heritage Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity Rep List 2009 2.15:Layout 1 26/5/10 09:25 Page 1 2009 Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity Rep List 2009 2.15:Layout 1 26/5/10 09:25 Page 2 © UNESCO/Michel Ravassard Foreword by Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO UNESCO is proud to launch this much-awaited series of publications devoted to three key components of the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage: the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding, the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, and the Register of Good Safeguarding Practices. The publication of these first three books attests to the fact that the 2003 Convention has now reached the crucial operational phase. The successful implementation of this ground-breaking legal instrument remains one of UNESCO’s priority actions, and one to which I am firmly committed. In 2008, before my election as Director-General of UNESCO, I had the privilege of chairing one of the sessions of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, in Sofia, Bulgaria. This enriching experience reinforced my personal convictions regarding the significance of intangible cultural heritage, its fragility, and the urgent need to safeguard it for future generations. Rep List 2009 2.15:Layout 1 26/5/10 09:25 Page 3 It is most encouraging to note that since the adoption of the Convention in 2003, the term ‘intangible cultural heritage’ has become more familiar thanks largely to the efforts of UNESCO and its partners worldwide. -
Música Popular, Memória, Patrimônio
Poder e valor das listas nas políticas de patrimônio e na música popular Porto Alegre, 03 de maio de 2006 Texto elaborado para o debate A memória da música popular promovido pelo Projeto Unimúsica 2006 – festa e folguedo Elizabeth Travassos Instituto Villa-Lobos Programa de Pós-graduação em Música UNIRIO Gostaria de propor como contribuição a essa conversa sobre música popular uma reflexão sobre o fenômeno das listas; sobre o poder e o valor que têm as listas nas políticas de patrimônio e na canção popular. Como vocês sabem, listas e inventários adquiriram visibilidade, recentemente, a partir das proclamações pela UNESCO de “obras-primas do patrimônio cultural oral e imaterial da humanidade”. Segundo a Convenção aprovada na 32ª Assembléia Geral da UNESCO, em 2003, o patrimônio oral e imaterial abrange práticas, representações, conhecimentos e técnicas. Ele manifesta-se nas tradições e expressões orais, incluindo a língua, nos espetáculos, rituais e festas, nas técnicas do artesanato tradicional, em conhecimentos referentes à natureza. A Convenção nos propõe então olhar práticas sociais e festas como obras- primas. Este curto-circuito entre a noção antropológica de cultura, considerada como totalidade dos artefatos materiais e simbólicos do homem, e a noção altamente distintiva de obra-prima, causa certa perplexidade. Estaria incluída no patrimônio cultural a arte da conversação? Não admira que o tema se preste à controvérsia e mesmo ao humor. Foi em 2001 a primeira proclamação da UNESCO, que apontou 19 “obras- primas”, tais como a música de trompas transversas da comunidade Tagbana, na Costa do Marfim e o canto polifônico na República da Geórgia, entre muitas outras. -
History and Culture of Korea
KOREAN CULTURES CHUNG, Kyung-rhan THE ACADEMY OF KOREAN STUDIES KOREA . Located between China & Japan . Language: Korean . Capital: Seoul . Area: 99,720 ㎢ . Population: 51,378,174/26th in the world . GDP per capita: $28,739 . Religions: Christianity (21%), Catholicism (7%), Buddhism (22%), others (no believers included ) 50% . Climate: 4 seasons of spring, summer (34 °C), fall, & winter Korea at Present . One of the fastest growing economies in the world . Its GDP per capita ranks 13th in the world (1st: U.S., China, Japan, Germany, France, U.K., Brazil, Italy, India, Canada, Australia in order) . The world’s 6th exporter (shipbuilding, automobile, steel, oil refinery, semi-conductor, LCD, cell phone, etc.) “Hallyu (K-Wave)”: Exported cultural content since the 1990s . Korean movies, dramas, and pop songs are getting popular at a fast rate. KRW 9.4 trillion of Korean cultural content (2014), the 7th largest exporter in the world (1st: the U.S., Japan, China, Germany, U.K., France, in order) “Jewel in the Palace”“ My Love from the Star Winter Sonata Girls’ Generation The Palace Wonder Girls Korean History: 5,000 years old Period Description 2333 B.C. Kingdom of Gojoseon 1st century B.C. Three Kingdoms (Shilla: 57 BC-935, Baekje: 18 BC-660, Goguryeo: 37 BC-668) 668 – 935 Shilla (Southern part: 668-935) Balhae (Northern part: 698-926, Goguryeo migrants) 918 - 1392 Goryeo 1392 – 1910 Joseon 1910 - 1945 Japanese colonial rule 1948 S. Korea: Government of ROK founded N. Korea: DPRK established 1950-1953 Korean War 1961 Military dictatorship, coup d’etat 1987 Democratization 1988 24th Seoul Olympic Games 2013- current Park, Guen Hye administration Dangun Myth Gojoseon Dangun Wanggeom founded the nation Hwanwoong told his He came down One day, a bear and a tiger in B.C. -
Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (As of 2018)
Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (As of 2018) 2018 Art of dry stone walling, knowledge and techniques Croatia – Cyprus – France – Greece – Italy – Slovenia – Spain – Switzerland As-Samer in Jordan Jordan Avalanche risk management Switzerland – Austria Blaudruck/Modrotisk/Kékfestés/Modrotlač, resist block printing Austria – Czechia – and indigo dyeing in Europe Germany – Hungary – Slovakia Bobbin lacemaking in Slovenia Slovenia Celebration in honor of the Budslaŭ icon of Our Lady (Budslaŭ Belarus fest) Chakan, embroidery art in the Republic of Tajikistan Tajikistan Chidaoba, wrestling in Georgia Georgia Dondang Sayang Malaysia Festivity of Las Parrandas in the centre of Cuba Cuba Heritage of Dede Qorqud/Korkyt Ata/Dede Korkut, epic Azerbaijan – culture, folk tales and music Kazakhstan – Turkey Horse and camel Ardhah Oman Hurling Ireland Khon, masked dance drama in Thailand Thailand La Romería (the pilgrimage): ritual cycle of 'La llevada' (the Mexico carrying) of the Virgin of Zapopan Lum medicinal bathing of Sowa Rigpa, knowledge and China practices concerning life, health and illness prevention and treatment among the Tibetan people in China Međimurska popevka, a folksong from Međimurje Croatia Mooba dance of the Lenje ethnic group of Central Province of Zambia Zambia Mwinoghe, joyous dance Malawi Nativity scene (szopka) tradition in Krakow Poland Picking of iva grass on Ozren mountain Bosnia and Herzegovi na Pottery skills of the women of Sejnane Tunisia Raiho-shin, ritual visits of deities in masks