Awakening the Feminine Force Shakti Tantra in Contemporary Amsterdam
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Awakening the Feminine Force Shakti Tantra in Contemporary Amsterdam Student: Jessica de Fauwe; Student number: 10346295; Supervisor: Marco Pasi; Second reader: Manon Hedenborg White; Master’s thesis: Religious Studies; Track: Western Esotericism; Date: 13-08-2019 Contents 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Aim and research question ................................................................................................................................. 4 Contribution of this study .................................................................................................................................... 5 Outline ...................................................................................................................................................................... 6 A note on spelling and definitions .................................................................................................................... 6 2. Theoretical background................................................................................................................................... 8 Feminism and the question of femininity ........................................................................................................ 8 The politics of spirit and sex ............................................................................................................................... 10 Erotic esotericism .................................................................................................................................................. 14 Sex magic and the revaluation of the female orgasm ............................................................................... 16 The feminist witch ................................................................................................................................................ 20 Shakti Woman: manifesting the divine feminine ......................................................................................... 22 3. Methodology .................................................................................................................................................... 28 Feminist approach to methods ........................................................................................................................ 30 Participant- and self-observation ..................................................................................................................... 31 Interviews................................................................................................................................................................ 32 4. Results ................................................................................................................................................................. 34 Marcia Sanders and the new paradigm ........................................................................................................ 34 Heal the woman and the Goddess will appear ........................................................................................... 36 The magic of surrendering ................................................................................................................................ 37 The power of boundaries .................................................................................................................................. 38 Becoming the channel: embodying Shakti ................................................................................................... 40 To serve in Her name as a Priestess ............................................................................................................... 43 Sisterhood .............................................................................................................................................................. 44 5. Analysis ............................................................................................................................................................... 47 6. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................................... 52 Appendix: Interview question list ........................................................................................................................... 54 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................ 55 Interviews ................................................................................................................................................................ 55 Online sources ....................................................................................................................................................... 55 Literature ................................................................................................................................................................. 56 2 1. Introduction A new woman is emerging from the darkness – strong, determined, flowing with primordial power – fearlessly facing her demons, the sword of Kali ready. 1 Quotes like these are widely spread across the internet. One simply needs to type the words “feminine rising” into any online search engine to be covered in an endless array of “calls” for women to rise. The so-called “Feminine Awakening” is supposedly happening all over the world, in which women “unleash the wild woman”, “honor their intuition” and “reclaim their female wisdom”. On Social Media platforms such as Instagram similar messages are being spread by popular accounts such as “Rising Woman”, “the Pussy Witch” and Tantra teachers such as Sofia Sundari.2 A countless variety of retreats is offered which promise women to “reclaim the feminine”, “build a conscious relationship with your guiding Goddess” and “understand our inner landscapes so that as women, we collectively rise”.3 Popular spirituality books such as Rise Sister Rise, The New Divine Feminine and Womb Awakening offer practical tools for discovering the “magical powers” of the female body and “feminine energy”. 4 Tantra, Witchcraft, magic and countless other esoteric traditions are suggested to serve this purpose. There is a widespread appropriation of sacred 1 https://www.tarapreston.com/, accessed on June 12, 2019. 2 https://www.instagram.com/sofiasundari/?hl=nl, https://www.instagram.com/risingwoman/?hl=nl, https://www.instagram.com/pusssywitch/?hl=nl, accessed on June 2, 2019. 3 https://rewildingforwomen.com/, https://www.priestesstempleschool.com/welcome, https://www.wild-feminine.com/, accessed on June 12, 2019. 4 Rebecca Campbell, Rise Sister Rise: A Guide to Unleashing the Wise, Wild Woman Within, (Hayhouse UK Ltd, 2016.), Meghan Don, The New Divine Feminine: Spiritual Evolution for a Woman’s Soul, (Llewellyn Publications U.S., 2016), Azra Bertrand, Womb Awakening: Initiatory Wisdom from the Creatrix of All Life, (Inner Traditions Bear and Company, 2017.). In the last few years the genre of feminist spirituality has generated an enormous amount of books on Witchcraft, such as Lisa Lister, Witch: Unleashed. Untamed. Unapologetic., (Hayhouse UK Ltd, 2017), Tantra, such as Sally Kempton, Awakening Shakti: The Transformative Power of the Goddesses of Yoga, (Sounds True Inc, 2013.) and Women’s Religion such as Alexandra Pope, Wild Power: Discover the Magic of Your Menstrual Cycle and Awaken the Feminine Path to Power, (Hay House UK Ltd, 2017). 3 symbolism such as the downward-pointing triangle which symbolizes the vagina, the womb and feminine energy in both Witchcraft and Tantra5. The focus seems to be on power, specifically feminine power, which differs from regular power as it is based on “feminine qualities” such as intuition, vulnerability and emotions. The glorification of wildness and sexuality are central themes in the “call”, since supposedly female wildness and sexuality have been oppressed by patriarchy. The call is urgent, and politically charged. Patriarchy is perceived to be the cause for worldwide human suffering and ecological disasters. To restore the energetic balance, the feminine energy must rise. Some proclaim that this rise must happen in both men and women, while others focus solely on women and the female body. Thus the awakening is not only meant for personal development, but for a collective transformation on a socio-political level. This usage of esoteric traditions for female emancipation will be the subject of this study. Aim and research question The aim of this research is to get a deeper insight into how esoteric traditions have been used or transformed for the purpose of female emancipation and sexual liberation. The specific tradition that will be the subject of this study is Shakti Tantra in contemporary Amsterdam. Amongst other esoteric traditions, Shakti Tantra has been used for feminist purposes even though that was not the initial purpose. The main question of the research is as follows: “How has Shakti Tantra been used as a tool for female emancipation in contemporary Amsterdam?” To answer the question, this paper argues how the recognition and worship of a female deity results in the deification of the female body, which accordingly might be used as motivation for female emancipation.