Clock Towers from the Ottoman Period in the Territory of Today's Montenegro
METUCLOCK-TOWERS JFA 2019/2 FROM THE OTTOMAN PERIOD IN DOI:METU 10.4305/METU.JFA.2019.2.6 JFA 2019/2 1 THE(36:2) TERRITORY 1-28 OF TODAY’S MONTENEGRO CLOCK TOWERS FROM THE OTTOMAN PERIOD IN THE TERRITORY OF TODAY’S MONTENEGRO Rifat ALİHODŽİĆ* Received: 01.04.2018; Final Text: 30.09.2019 INTRODUCTION Keywords: Clock towers; Montenegro; Ottoman period; cultural heritage; urban Time measurement dates back to 3000-2000 BCE in Mesopotamia and landmarks. Egypt. Sun-light, water, oil or sand were used to measure time (Acun, 2011, 3). Sundials indicated a position of the shadow on the dial, sandglasses measured the time of sand trickling through a glass-bulb, while water clocks indicated the time of water pouring down from one container to another. First measurements of time by mechanical means, as a precursor of mechanical clocks’ production in Europe, were performed by monks. In certain time intervals, mechanism would produce a sound by hitting bells, functioning as alarm-clocks, without hands or dials. They appeared in the 13th century in Westminster, England and Padua, Italy (Borstin, 1983, 39-42). Two types of alarm-clocks were manufactured: room alarm-clocks called horologia excitatoria and another type, serving to wake a chief monk, called custosa horologii. He would inform the others by pulling the tower’s great bell. Soon the production began of greater clockwork-mechanisms to be placed on towers near churches, designed to automatically hit bells. Mechanical clocks imposed a new sense to humans: the time human mind had been used to, was turned into a sum of time units, which greatly differed from the impression of smooth flowing of sun rays, water or sand.
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