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Palaeontologia Electronica Shrews, Lagomorphs, and Rodents

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Palaeontologia Electronica Shrews, Lagomorphs, and Rodents Palaeontologia Electronica http://palaeo-electronica.org Shrews, lagomorphs, and rodents (excluding Cricetidae) from the Pliocene Panace Formation, southeastern Nevada, USA Yun Mou ABSTRACT About 2,500 specimens of small mammal fossils were collected from 12 localities in the Pliocene Panaca Formation in Meadow Valley, southeastern Nevada. The most common taxa in the Panaca small mammal fauna are cricetid and heteromyid rodents, and lagomorphs. This assemblage of small mammals indicates that the Panaca local fauna represents the early Blancan Land Mammal Age. This paper describes and compares the small mammal taxa of the Panaca local fauna except for the cricetids, which are described in a separate paper in this volume. Yun Mou, 8159 East Pima Ridge Drive, Tucson, AZ 85715, USA. [email protected] KEY WORDS: early Blancan; NALMA; small mammals; local fauna INTRODUCTION lected earlier by Stock. Later still, both small and large mammals were collected by T. Galusha and The Panaca local fauna (l.f.) described by R. Emry, working for the American Museum of Nat- Chester Stock (1921) is located in Meadow Valley, ural History (AMNH). Some of those fossils were south of Panaca in Lincoln County, southeastern described by May (1981), Repenning (1987), and Nevada (Figure 1). Stock named the sediments the White (1987, 1991). Mou (1997) described a new Panaca Formation. The fossils from Panaca species of arvicolid rodent from the Panaca l.f., and described by Stock include Pliohippus sp., ?Teleo- later (1998) described the enamel schmelzmuster ceras sp., and Pliauchenia (now considered Hemi- of the new arvicolid rodent. Virtually all of these auchenia), genera that were generally assigned to small mammals collected from the Panaca area the Hemphillian North American Land Mammal are indicative of Blancan NALMA. More recently, Age (NALMA), although precise age of the Panaca Lindsay et al. (2002) resumed collection of small l.f. was questionable (Stirton 1940; Macdonald and mammals in Meadow Valley, placing them in a Pelletier 1956). Later, G.E. Hazen and H.S. Gentry, magnetostratigraphic framework to shed light on working for the Frick Laboratory of the American placement of the Hemphillian/Blancan boundary in Museum of Natural History (F:AM) during the these deposits, and concluding that they are of 1940s, collected more fossils from Meadow Valley, Blancan NALMA. noting that most of the fossils they found from the Panaca area were younger than the fossils col- PE Article Number: 14.3.32A Copyright: Society of Vertebrate Paleontology November 2011 Submission: 15 June 2007. Acceptance: 5 October 2011 Mou, Yun. 2011. Shrews, lagomorphs, and rodents (excluding Cricetidae) from the Pliocene Panace Formation, southeastern Nevada, USA. Palaeontologia Electronica Vol. 14, Issue 3; 32A:38p; palaeo-electronica.org/2011_3/23_mou/index.html MOU: PETITE PLIOCENE MAMMALS FROM PANACA 114 15' 114 30' S p r i n g L a k e V a l l e y 38 00' NEVADA V a l l e y P i o c h e Lincoln B County C D P a n a c a . A M e a d o w V a l l e y 37 40' C a l i e n t e 02040 k i l o m e t e r s FIGURE 1. Location of the Panaca local fauna, southeastern Nevada. A= Little Hogback section, B=Limestone Cor- ner section, C=Double Adobe Section, D=Rodent Hill section. This report describes and places the small one other site, Rodent Quarry #2 of Galusha and mammals of the Panaca l.f. in the evolutionary- Emry. We equate Rodent Quarry #1 of Galusha chronologic context of Meadow Valley sediments, and Emry with our locality UALP 9504, the Fejfar framed in the earlier chronological study of the site. One of our small mammal sites, UALP 9502, Panaca Fm. (Lindsay et al. 2002). is identical with the AMNH Double Butte Quarry of Hazen and Gentry. GEOLOGIC SETTING As noted by Lindsay et al. (2002) the strati- graphic-chronologic framework for the Panaca Fm. The fossils reported herein are from the is constrained by an ash bed that overlies our high- Panaca Formtion, which is generally considered to est small mammal site and has been identified as be fine-grained basin fill that is exposed in basins the Healdsburg Tephra by A. Sarna-Wojcicki of the of eastern Nevada (Phoenix 1948; Ekren et al. United States Geological Survey (USGS, Menlo 1977; Pederson et al. 2000). The Panaca small Park). That tephra has been dated 4.69 Ma, using mammal fauna is derived from 12 sites in the vicin- the 27.84 Ma monitor for the Fish Canyon sanidine ity of Panaca, near the northern margin of Meadow interlaboratory standard. The Healdsburg Tephra is Valley. These sites were placed in five stratigraphic shown in the upper part (marked as XXXX in Fig- sections (Figure 2) arranged according to the ure 2) of the Rodent Hill section. paleomagnetic and stage-of-evolution correlations All of the small mammal sites currently known described in Lindsay et al. (2002, figure 7). These from the Panaca Fm. are considered early Blancan sites are correlated within the limits of chrons NALMA whereas the large mammals reported from C3n.2r through C3n.3r of the Geomagnetic Polarity the Panaca Fm. by Stock (1921) are considered Time Scale (GPTS), which places them between Hemphillian NALMA. Based on the location given 4.60-4.96 Ma, based on the calibration of Berggren by Stock (1921), we believe the fossils collected et al. (1995). We were unable to locate and place and reported by Stock were from stratigraphic lev- 2 PALAEO-ELECTRONICA.ORG tuff 60 Rodent siltstone, Hill poorly bedded 50 siltstone, calcareous Rodent sandstone, Ravine x Little Hogback 40 fine x x x x x x 9602 sandstone, Limestone x 9601 coarse Corner D o u b l e x 30 B u t t e 9609 sandstone, x cross-bedded 9703 x x x t h i c k n e s (m) 9504 claystone 20 x 9502 B r o w n x B o n e siltstone x x x B e d x 8197 x 10 x diatomite 9619 x 9621 x 9620 x conglomerate 0 9702 x x limestone x FIGURE 2. Stratigraphic section in the vicinity of Panaca that have yielded vertebrate fossils (bone symbols). Sec- tions are arranged according to the correlations in Figure 7 of Lindsay et al. (2002). Note that we have not indicated any fossil site in the Little Hogback section, which is where we believe fossils were collected by Stock (1921). Small circles and X’s to the right of the sections indicate magnetic polarity determinations (open circle = reversed polarity, closed circle = normal polarity, x = indeterminate polarity). els below our lowest small mammal site (e.g., in group, the cricetids, is reported in Mou (this vol- magnetozone B+) in the Little Hogback section ume). (Figure 2). Note that the rate of sediment accumu- Most of the identified small mammals are iso- lation in the Little Hogback section is lower than in lated teeth that were picked from fine or coarse the other sections as it is farther from the edge of concentrate after multiple washing of sediment in the basin where most of the fossil sites are located. screen boxes. Specimens were mounted (using We searched the lower exposed strata in the area polyvinyl acetate dissolved in acetone) on the head of the Little Hogback section very thoroughly but of a half-inch straight pin embedded into a small were unable to find any identifiable fossils, or any cork, to facilitate handling and measurement; a sediment that would yield small mammals from that half-dram glass vial was placed over the pin for area. See Lindsay et al. (2002) for more details on safety in storage. Measurements were made to the the geology and chronology of the Panaca l.f. nearest 0.01 mm with the aid of a reticule mounted in a microscope. All measurements are maximum METHODS AND MATERIALS dimensions regardless of wear, and transverse dimensions are perpendicular to anteroposterior All of the small mammals (about 2,500 identifi- dimensions. When applicable, the means, stan- able specimens) collected during this study were dard deviations and coefficients of variance were identified by the author and compared with the computed for each sample. Dental terminology fol- small mammals collected from the Panaca Fm. by lows Korth (1994) unless differences are noted and Galusha and Emry for the AMNH. All specimens discussed in the text. Upper teeth are abbreviated listed below in materials examined are from the with capital letters (e.g., M1) and lower teeth are UALP collection unless indicated otherwise. Due to abbreviated with lower case letters (e.g., m1). the limit of this paper, description of the largest 3 MOU: PETITE PLIOCENE MAMMALS FROM PANACA Institutional abbreviations are: American Occurrence. Known only from the Panaca l.f., Museum of Natural History (AMNH), Frick Labora- southeastern Nevada. tory of American Museum of Natural History Paranotiosorex panacaensis new species (F:AM), University of Kansas (KU), San Bernardino Table 1; Figure 3 County Museum (SBDM), University of Arizona Laboratory of Paleontology (UALP), University of Holotype. UALP 22849, left mandible with m1-m3 Michigan Museum of Paleontology (UMMP), U.S. and complete coronoid process and condyles from Geological Survey (USGS). Locality data are UALP locality 9702. available to qualified researchers from the Depart- Etymology. panaca, name of the town near type ment of Geosciences, University of Arizona, which locality; ensis, Latin “of place.” is the repository for all UALP specimens. In the Diagnosis. as of the genus. Materials examined sections, the acronym UALP has been removed to save space.
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