Special Issue

Vol 28. No.11 Wedensday, 26 May, 2021 Pages 8, Price 2.00 NFA Independence Day celebrated enthusiastically initiatives for the effective implementation of our national security and developmental programs on the basis of the revised broad roadmap of mobilization. He also urged for greater participation of nationals abroad in view of their greater potential and particular opportunities (Full text of the President’s keynote address is on page 3).

At an opening speech delivered, Chairperson of the National Holidays Organizing Committee, the Commissioner of Culture and Sports Ambassador Zemede Tekle stated that the official ceremony was held in compliance with guidelines issued to curb the spread of the The 30th anniversary of the Defense Forces and said that the historical backdrop, the the prevailing turbulent global COVID-19 pandemic. He further Independence Day was celebrated the significance and splendor of bedrock, and statue, on which the and regional setting underscores commended all that contributed enthusiastically in the afternoon this momentous day radiate more significance of Independence Day the imperative to strengthen our to realize the colorful celebration hours of 24 May at an official with time; year-in and year-out. rests on is the ferocious struggle developmental endeavors above event. ceremony conducted at Asmara And beyond instilling immense the Eritrean people waged with and beyond the efforts we exert to Stadium. jubilation and pride, it impels us to heroism and resilience to assert preserve and protect our national The official Independence Day ponder on, and mull over several the independence and sovereignty independence and sovereignty. celebration, 24 May, was broadcast In his keynote address, President indelible truths, President Isaias of their country through heavy live via ERI-TV and Dimtsi Hafash Isaias Afwerki extended his added. sacrifices. President Isaias, finally, urged featuring a military parade and warmest congratulations to the for extensive popular participation musical performances, as well as a Eritrean people and members of President Isaias further stressed President Isaias also stated that for more dynamic and vigorous 20-minute fireworks display.

Messages of congratulations Eritreans in Diaspora celebrate Independence Day anniversary Eritrean nationals in Kuwait, said that the progress registered in In a speech he delivered at the Republic of South Sudan, Jeddah, curbing the spread of the COVID- event, Ambassador of Eritrea to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 19 pandemic is the result of the the Republic of South Sudan, Sudan, South Africa and Kenya strong and integrated endeavor Mr. Yohaness Teklemicael have enthusiastically celebrated on the part of the Government indicating that in the past 30 the 30th Independence Day and the people of Eritrea. years the Eritrean people have anniversary under the theme emerged victorious by foiling “Resilient: As Ever”. Likewise, nationals residing various hostilities and challenges in the Republic of South Sudan expressed conviction on every Accordingly, the nationals celebrated the 30th Independence citizen to strengthen participation in Kuwait celebrated the Day anniversary on 23 May in and contribution in the nation- Independence Day anniversary Juba in the presence of South on 23 May respecting the Sudanese friends of Eritrea. continued on page 6 Asmara, 25 May 2021- Prime of the Portuguese Republic, Queen guidelines of social distancing Minister Dr. Abiy Ahmed and Elizabeth of the United Kingdom, issued by their country of President Sahle-Work Zewde of the Pope Francis of Vatican, King residence and renewed their Federal Democratic Republic of Willem-Alexander of the Kingdom pledge to strengthen contribution Ethiopia, President Vladmir Putin of the Netherlands, President in national development drives. of the Russian Federation, President Mahmud Abbas of the State of Cyril Ramaphosa of the Republic Palestine, as well as Mr. Moussa Faki Speaking at the celebratory of South Africa, President Sergio Mahamat, Chairman of the African event, Mr. Humed Yahya Ali, Mattarella of the Italian Republic, Union Commission sent messages Charge d’Affairs at the Embassy President Michael D. Higgins of of congratulations to the people and of Eritrea in Kuwait stating that the State of Ireland, President Edgar Government of Eritrea in connection the Eritrean people in the past 30 ChagwaLunga of the Republic of with the 30th Independence Day years have emerged victorious Zambia President Ilham Aliyev anniversary. in the face of hostilities and of the Republic of Azerbaijan, conspiracies against its President Marcelo Robelo de-Sousa continued on page 6 independence and sovereignty Resilient As Ever Eritrea Profile, Wedensday, 26 May, 2021 Vol 28. No.11 2

A snapshot of the official celebration of the 30th Independence anniversary

Mikal Tesfay people’s passion, I got lost nationalism and nationhood was COVID-19 guidelines and sovereignty was not confined to in my own thoughts. I was solidified through the national thanked the senior government combating the security threats Eritrean Independence Day is reminded that the common liberation struggle. Suddenly, I and PFDJ officials, army emanating from the forces of greed the most important public holiday struggle, characterized by heard the host of the program commanders, religious leaders, and domination. Nation building in the country. On this day, May bitter experience, enriched the telling the people to stand up members of the diplomatic corps, through effective developmental 24, 1991, the Eritrean People’s repertoire of common memories, and welcome the President who and Eritrean nationals for their undertaking was also a mission Liberation Front forces defeated a necessary prerequisite for living arrived at the stadium. That’s efforts and attendance. He then pursued with equal priority. the heavily armed Ethiopian army together. In that respect, the when I was brought back to invited President Isaias Afwerki Although we may not have and made their way to the capital armed struggle for the liberation reality. to deliver a keynote speech on managed to achieve all-rounded of Eritrea. Every national in and of Eritrea represents the most the occasion. progress, sector by sector, and in out of the country celebrates May outstanding and vital process in The program started at 5:00 various fields and projects – with 24 with pride. a chain of historical events that p.m. with a moment of silence to In his speech, President Isaias the pace envisioned and to the congratulated Eritreans inside extent of our aspirations – the I arrived at Asmara Stadium, and outside of the country for track record in our priority areas where the national celebration of the ferocious struggle the Eritrean is satisfactory. We have no doubts the 30th Independence Day was people waged with heroism and that overall progress will be held, at 4:30 p.m. As I took my resilience to assert the independence expedited in the period ahead on steps through the entrance gate, I and sovereignty of their country. the basis of the programs charted could feel my heartbeat increasing He went on to reiterate the out and reviewed already. The and joy spreading through my theme of the 30th Independence experiences gleaned so far will whole body. The noise coming Day anniversary, “Resilient- as also be crucial in this endeavor. from the crowd didn’t annoy ever!” before noting how global me. I walked through the stairs and regional agendas have Another factor that has direct and sat in my seat, starting to profoundly impacted our history impact on our developmental take everything in. I looked to and led to challenges that have programs and undertakings is my left, to my right, and then demonstrated the determination the COVD-19 pandemic. The to those who were sitting on the of the people. commotion and staggering seats above mine. You could loss of life that the pandemic feel the same vibe from those President Isaias said, has inculcated globally in the who were dancing and cheering, began in 1890 and culminated pay tribute to Eritrea’s martyrs. “Protecting and preserving gently touching their chests with in the formation of the State of A speech was then given by the national independence and continued on page 6 their palms. You could see the deep pride and happiness on their faces. The entire atmosphere Press Release takes you back to May 24 of 1991, when everyone in Asmara went out of their houses to cheer and US State Department Latest welcome the freedom fighters. Action is not Warranted As I was appreciating the Last Sunday, May 23rd, the US State Department issued a Press Release that announces, among other matters, “Visa restriction policy…on the issuance of visas for any current or former Eritrean government officials, members of the security forces, or other individuals, responsible, complicit in, undermining resolution of the crisis in Tigray” Region of Ethiopia.

Published Every Eritrea is dismayed by the content and language of this announcement. The crisis in Tigray Region of Ethiopia unfolded solely due to the dangerous SaturdayPublished & Wednesday Every WednesdayPublished & SaturdayEvery Eritrea in 1991. Underscoring the Head of the National Holidays acts of military insurrection that the now defunct TPLF group launched Saturday & Wednesday immense importance of the period Coordination Committee, on 3 November 2020. This premeditated act of unprecedented scale and gravity was endorsed by the TPLF Central Committee in the preceding Acting Editor days and audaciously announced by its spokesperson as a “blitzkrieg” that Acting Editor Amanuel Mesfun will achieve its objectives soon after it was launched. The TPLF’s military Amanuel Mesfun scheme was not confined to Ethiopia but also included Eritrea as a target. [email protected] Mesfun [email protected] The extreme danger and turmoil that would have ensued in Ethiopia, P.O.Box: 247 P.O.Box: 247 Eritrea and the Horn of Africa region as a whole had the TPLF’s original Tel: 11-41-14 scheme succeeded is too evident to merit further explanation. To gloss Fax: 12-77-49 over these facts and point an accusing finger on Eritrea defies logic and is E-mail: unwarranted by any standards. [email protected]@[email protected] zena.gov.er Advertisement: 12-50-13 Furthermore, the timing of the announcement – made on the eve of Eritrea’s Independence Day – exceeds minimal bounds of civility and Layout propriety. And irrespective of their actual ramifications, the announced Layout measures cannot promote legality as well as regional peace and security. AAzmerazmera BerhaneBerhane Sara Alem AidaSaraSara JoharAlem of the armed struggle, Eritreans Ambassador Zemede Tekle. In his Ministry of Foreign Affairs and several foreign observers speech, he said that the program Asmara maintain that in actuality Eritrean was held by following the national 25 May 2021 Eritrea Profile, Wedensday, 26 May, 2021 Vol 28. No.11 3 Keynote Address by President Isaias Afwerki on the Occasion of the 30th Independence Anniversary

Dear Compatriots at Home and no qualms to act as the prosecutor, doubts that overall progress will Abroad, witness, judge, and enforcer of be expedited in the period ahead punitive measures on the basis of the programmes Ladies and Gentlemen, charted out and reviewed already. Furthermore, economic and The experiences gleaned so My profound Congratulations political tools, campaigns of far will also be crucial in this on this auspicious Day of defamation and demonization, endeavour. the 30th Anniversary of our were pursued without let-up Independence! by churning out cheap lies to Ladies and Gentlemen, reinforce and ramp up the hostile Let me also express my gratitude agenda. Another factor that has direct to those who have organized this impact on our developmental event. But, the relentless schemes and programmes and undertakings hostilities woven to undermine is the COVD-19 pandemic. The The significance and splendour our national independence commotion and staggering loss of this momentous day radiates and sovereignty foundered on of life that the pandemic has more with time; year-in and the bedrock of our people’s inculcated globally in the past year-out. And beyond instilling steadfastness and resilience. In year cannot but constitute a immense jubilation and pride, it tandem with these trends, their “Wake-Up Call” for humanity. impels us to ponder on, and mull principal surrogate, the TPLF This has provoked and amplified over, several indelible truths. clique, became increasingly serious questions on different ensnared in an intractable bind economic concepts and indicators; Eritrea’s inalienable legal and and was ultimately sidelined as its developmental choices as well natural rights to independence and “Game was over”. Our patience, as social, ecological and health sovereignty were suppressed and in the face of occupation of our precepts. In Eritrea, it has enabled trampled upon at the end of the sovereign territories for twenty us to identify our shortcomings – Second World War. The Eritrean years, had also paid off. both in our health policies and people refused to succumb to operational modalities – and to slavery, colonialism, deceit, the All these events pushed them implement requisite adjustments logic of force, and subordination. to resort to desperate measures at the outset. In this context, we They waged a ferocious struggle which culminated in the reckless shall not spare efforts to put the with heroism and resilience for attacks of November 4 last year. threat from the pandemic under fifty years – from 1941 until a result, the predicaments that and binding Arbitral Award of Eritrea was attacked by missiles. full control in order to eliminate 1991 – to assert the independence we had to face in the past 30 2002, were vivid manifestations When the unprecedented and deleterious consequences to and sovereignty of their country years – just as it was the case in of insidious hostility towards the reckless attack was foiled, our safety and developmental through heavy sacrifices. This the preceding 50 years – were country. intensive and mendacious objectives. This will require is the historical backdrop, the complex and multi-faceted. propaganda campaigns were, and perseverance in our vigilance and bedrock and statue, on which Instigation of conflicts under continue to be, carried out for the the bolstering of our all-rounded the significance of Independence One of these subterfuges the pretext of border disputes past six months to wrongly indict research, preventive measures, Day rests. was putative border disputes. was not enough and could not Eritrea and deflect attention and therapeutic capabilities. Indisputable colonial boundaries fully mollify the appetite of the from the real culprit. This is an The significance of this were misconstrued to stoke agendas of domination. The outrageous act of transparent Ladies and Gentlemen, memorable day is also amplified conflict among neighbouring fact is these subversive schemes deceit and bankruptcy. by the resilience of the Eritrean countries. The Hanish and could not dampen or vanquish The prevailing turbulent global people to confront and thwart Badme conflicts are conspicuous the resistance of the Eritrean In the circumstances, the and regional setting underscores myriad challenges, in the past testimonies of these subversive people. In the event, fabricated significance of this memorable the imperative to strengthen our thirty years after independence, schemes whose ultimate objective allegations of “terrorism” were day of our 30th Independence developmental endeavors above so as to preserve and defend the was to keep Eritrea hostage concocted and harmful sanctions Anniversary is measured by the and beyond the efforts we exert to national sovereignty that they through the continuous fomenting imposed on Eritrea in 2009 extraordinary resistance and preserve and protect our national had secured through precious and “managing” of crises. In through heavy-handed pressure resilience of the Eritrean people; independence and sovereignty. sacrifices and justice. The fact the case of Badme in particular, on the UN Security Council. In by their victory in protecting and In the event, I urge for more is, the agendas of greed and the attempts to perpetuate illicit this additional gesture of hostility, preserving their sovereignty and dynamic and vigorous initiatives domination are still prevalent occupation of our sovereign albeit with a different facet, independence. I thus extend – for the effective implementation without effective deterrence. As territories, in spite of the final Eritrea’s principal detractors had again – my congratulations to of our national security and the Eritrean people and its heroic developmental programmes on armed forces. the basis of the revised broad road-map of mobilization and that Ladies and Gentlemen, is predicated on extensive popular participation. In particular, I Protecting and preserving urge for greater participation of national independence and our compatriots abroad in view sovereignty was not confined to of their greater potential and combating the security threats particular opportunities. emanating from the forces of greed and domination. Nation Let me express our pride and building through effective gratification in our Defense developmental undertaking was Forces who continue to play also a mission pursued with equal pivotal role both in our national priority. Although we may not security and developmental tasks have managed to achieve all- by preserving the rich heritage of rounded progress, sector by sector, our liberation war and national and in various fields and projects civilized values and norms. – with the pace envisioned and to the extent of our aspirations Glory to our Martyrs! – the track record in our priority Victory to the Masses! areas is satisfactory. We have no 24 May 2021 Eritrea Profile, Wedensday, 26 May, 2021 Vol 28. No.11 4

Eritrea: Healthcare Delivery Gains Momentum in line with SDGs

Kesete Ghebrehiwet who can afford it while it is given to show steady progress. Considering of a pandemic. free of charge to those who cannot. that the societal well-being cannot Eritrea’s primary focus in its health Eritrea has made great strides be ensured without ensuring the care policy has been the prevention in health care, especially in the Health security is ensured through safe delivery of services, the MoH and control of communicable reduction of maternal and child efficient service and by sustaining the has been working in partnership diseases. Since the developments mortality as well as the reduction gains so far achieved. Immunization with the ministries of Education, registered in line with MDGs and of the rate of non-communicable services against contagious diseases Land, Water and Environment, SDGs also include prevention diseases, that have earned it good have been carried out, the securing of National Development, Finance, and control of non-communicable reputation internationally. It has been food and medicine has been ensured, Local Government and the Marine diseases, the country’s healthcare on track to achieve the grand goals prevention against antimicrobial Resources. delivery system was upgraded in the Sustainable Development resistance has been reinforced and healthcare policies have been Dr. Tewelde Yohannes Goals (SDGs) by ensuring even through awareness campaigns, and Preventing FGM has been revised to correspond with the new distribution of healthcare services committees and taskforces have included in the comprehensive developments. across the country. target three, which is related to been formed to increase prevention package designed to ensure societal efficient healthcare service. capabilities by mobilizing resources. well-being and the MoH carried out According to Dr. Tewelde, the The SDGs, which are designed to be achieved by 2030, mainly Efforts that have been made Human resource development and focus on the eradication of poverty, in improving healthcare delivery enhancing the national laboratory illiteracy and illness at a global level. since Eritrea’s independence have have been among the most regular The strategic global agenda is to been reinforced to meet the MDGs. activities of the Ministry of Health ensure that people on the planet live Eritrea mapped out a strategic 2010- (MoH). Dr. Tewelde Yohannes, in peace, prosperity and partnership. 2020 plan and a reinforcement plan Director of Policy and Planning at The sustainable development goal that covers the period from 2017 the Ministry of Health said that a is an extension of the Millennium to 2021 tied to the implementation precaution has been made to prevent Development Goals (MDGs) charted of the SDGs. The country revised an outbreak of any contagious out to be achieved in the period its healthcare provision policy and disease by reinforcing the control from 2000 to 2015 to ensure that all charted out a 10-year strategic mechanisms along the land, aviation people around the world have access plan for 2021-2030. Meanwhile an and maritime entry routes. Ensuring to basic health care and global health assessment on the progress of the the hygiene of potable water, coverage as well as strengthening mapped out plan was carried out and reinforcing maternal and child health system. some guidelines have been revised. healthcare services and nutrition, improving organizational capacity, extensive campaigns to stop such major achievements registered in The targeted SDGs include Ensuring societal wellbeing equipping healthcare centers with a practice. The country issued a the provision of healthcare services healthcare, environment, education, through awareness raising and facilities have been among the proclamation in 2007 in an attempt are spectacular, particularly in gender equality, and eradication of prevention mechanisms, prenatal and priorities in the provision of universal to stop FGM. The MoH works in the reduction of the death rates of poverty, hygiene and potable water postnatal care, supporting those who healthcare service. collaboration with the National mothers and children. The ratio of supply, renewable energy, invention, cannot pay for healthcare service Union of Eritrean Women and the maternal death that was 1000 out of infrastructural development, social are included in the comprehensive Eritrea has been registering Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare 100,000 in 1991 has declined to 485, and economic transformation, provision of universal healthcare remarkable progress in its health in stopping FGM and preventing and infant death rate that was 117 out among others. Eritrea, which has service to all. To meet the envisaged care provision in the last 30 years underage marriages. The progress of one thousand decreased to 44, and been registering steady progress in goal, healthcare service in Eritrea is and its endeavors to ensure safe and made so far is so encouraging that under 1 year old child death rate that various domains, excels in SDG given with a nominal price to those quality healthcare service continues many sub-zones in all regions of the was 151 out of 1000 declined to 33, country have reported zero FGM Mr. Tewelde added. cases. A report in 2018 shows that FGM has been reduced to below 1% Eritrea has reached 95% coverage in children under five years of age. in prenatal care while vaccination coverage is now over 94%. This Through an even distribution has also been maintained since the of health care facilities the MoH outbreak of COVID-19, which has has been working in preventing been managed through the strict maternal and child mortality, HIV/ measures adopted by the Government AIDS, Malaria, TB and other to prevent the spread of the disease. communicable diseases as well The rate in the prevalence of HIV/ as in preventing death, in general, AIDS has also dramatically decreased and complications that could result that only 0.18% of pregnant women from non-communicable diseases. that have undergone tests were Dr. Tewelde said that necessary found HIV positive. Malaria is no precautionary measures have been longer a public health threat and TB taken to prevent diseases and deaths has been decreased to the lowest that may occur due to problems level. All these figures show the of hygiene, malnutrition, climate steady progress the country has change and accidents. The MoH has been making in healthcare service also been working to develop further and efforts continue to be made for its capacity to combat any occurrence greater achievements. Resilient As Ever Eritrea Profile, Wedensday, 26 May, 2021 Vol 28. No.11 5

Eritrea’s Independence: A Story of Resilience

Dr. Fikrejesus Amahazion Over the next half century, Eritrea was placed under a British the Emperor thanked him and it broad segments of the Eritrean Eritreans were subjected to forced caretaker military administration was gratefully acknowledged that population, were forcefully crushed. Eritrea is a country with a servitude, apartheid, and an array of pending an international decision on the UN decision was “mainly due Assassination attempts against complex, turbulent history. And dark horrors and indignities within its fate. Of course, the BMA meant to the US.” In return for helping nationalists became routine. In 1957 a fundamental element of that an inherently brutal colonial system the British reneged on their promise ensure Ethiopia’s access to the sea, and 1962, students organized mass history has been the resilience of its espousing Europeans’ greatness and of independence to Eritreans. There the US secured important military demonstrations, while in 1958 a people, who have withstood great superiority. However, Italian colonial had been many Eritrean soldiers interests. On 22 May 1953, Ethiopia four-day national general strike was adversity, tremendous injustice, and rule also forged the basis of an in the Italian colonial army. Britain and the US signed an agreement in conducted by underground trade monumental challenges to stand tall, Eritrean state and created its modern promised them independence if they Washington officially granting the unions, paralyzing the country. remain strong, and keep moving territorial boundaries. Additionally, would help the British forces, led by US the right to establish military Ethiopian troops beat and shot the forward. it sparked socio-economic Lt. Gen. William Platt, defeat the facilities in Eritrea. The most notable unarmed, peaceful protestors, killing transformation and significant Italians. Many Eritreans deserted the of these was a communications base and wounding many. Although Eritrea won its independence from industrial progress, including modern Italian army, commanded by Lt. Gen. at Kagnew station in Asmara. A vital Eritreans had been guaranteed a Ethiopia in 1991 after waging one of port facilities, health centers, airports, Luigi Frusci, thus helping ensure a US intelligence link and housing review of their case if Ethiopia the longest, most destructive wars and workshops, as well as factories, quick British victory. Afterwards, thousands of Americans, Kagnew violated the resolution, and despite for liberation in modern African roads, railways, and communication however, instead of independence, was the largest overseas spy facility in the fact that Eritrean political leaders, history. Prior to the colonial period, facilities that were among the best Eritreans were met with the BMA. the world at the time. The agreement on numerous occasions, appealed over several centuries, different parts in Africa. In a 1945 publication What’s more, the British not only was followed by subsequent treaties, and petitioned to the UN in protest of of present-day Eritrea were ruled or proposing Eritrea be partitioned, with destroyed Eritrea’s industry and including a mutual defense pact. Ethiopia’s steady dismantling of the repeatedly invaded by the Ottoman the resulting parts being incorporated infrastructure, they attempted to federal arrangement, the UN and the Turks, the Egyptians, and various into imperial Ethiopia and Anglo- sow local division and discord, so Although the Eritrean people’s right international community remained warriors, feudal lords, and kings Egyptian Sudan, Brigadier Stephen that Britain’s recommendations to to self-determination was denied, silent. from areas in present-day Ethiopia H. Longrigg, a civilian who served the international community about contrary to principles recognized by and Sudan. By the late 19th century, as chief administrator of the British Eritrea’s sovereignty would be the UN and unlike the other Italian Finally, in November 1962, the Italians began purchasing and Military Administration (BMA) in accepted. colonies that received independence the imperial regime dissolved the laying claim to parts of the country, Eritrea from 1942 to 1944, described at the end of World War II (i.e., Libya Eritrean parliament under force steadily penetrating from coast into Eritrea as “highly developed,” with Eventually, after a lengthy and Somalia), Eritreans were relieved of arms and annexed Eritrea, the interior highlands in their aim “superb roads, a railway, airports, a international process, on 2 December their country was not dismembered proclaiming it as the empire’s to establish a settler colonial state. European city as its capital, public 1950, United Nations (UN) and they generally sought to make fourteenth province. Again, the UN Italian colonization of Eritrea “was services up to European standards.” Resolution 390 (V), passed by the the best of the federal structure. The and international community voiced connived at and, indeed encouraged Critically, the period also contributed UN General Assembly, extinguished terms of the international resolution no objections to this flagrant breach by the British, who saw in the to the formation and development of Eritreans’ hopes and aspirations for meant that Eritrea was to possess of international law. Nevertheless, development of Italian influence a common, shared social history and independence, federating Eritrea legislative, executive, and judicial the move by Ethiopia only inspired in the Red Sea a useful counter to unique national identity in Eritrea. with Ethiopia as “an autonomous powers in domestic affairs, while greater nationalism among Eritreans the French” (Trevaskis 1960: 7-8). unit ... under the sovereignty of the the jurisdiction of Ethiopia was to and served to give further impetus to Eventually, on 1 January 1890, In April 1941, the British-led Ethiopian Crown.” The resolution extend to defense, foreign affairs, Eritrea’s nascent armed struggle for Italy’s King Umberto proclaimed Allied victory over Fascist Italy in the was sponsored by the United States and international trade. However, the independence, which had emerged Eritrea as Italy’s colonia primogenita Horn of Africa led to the dissolution (US) which, within the context of the Emperor viewed the federal structure the year before. (first-born colony), with Massawa of the latter’s East African empire. emerging Cold War, determined its with contempt and quickly began to pronounced as its capital. With the end of Italian colonial rule, geostrategic interests could be better disassemble it. In a passage within his 1960 book, served by federating Eritrea with Eritrea: A Colony in Transition, Ethiopia, its close ally and key partner On 30 September 1952, only 1941-1952, G.K.N. Trevaskis, who “in the fight against the Soviet-led nineteen days after the federal served as a political secretary in spread of Communism in Africa.” arrangement was officially ratified Eritrea during the BMA, advised In a September 1952 speech to the by the Emperor, the imperial regime Ethiopia against the abrogation UNSC shortly before the resolution committed its first violation through of the federation, warning that was to come into effect, John Foster Proclamation 130, which made the maintaining the federal arrangement Dulles, then US Secretary of State, Ethiopian Supreme Court Eritrea’s in accordance with UN Resolution delivered the words that Eritreans, final court of appeals, bypassing 390A(V) would be in the best interest even generations later, would never Eritrean laws. Eventually, the entire of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Yet he forget, Eritrean constitution would be ultimately recognized that Ethiopia’s replaced, while the Eritrean flag was “temptation to subject Eritrea firmly “From the point of justice, the replaced by Ethiopia’s. Eritreans under her own control will always be opinions of the Eritrean people were also banned from speaking great. Should she try to do so, she will must receive consideration. their own languages, with Ethiopia’s risk Eritrean discontent and eventual Nevertheless, the strategic interest Amharic being made the official revolt, which, with foreign sympathy of the United States in the Red Sea language. Press freedoms were and support, might well disrupt basin and considerations abolished, Eritreans were forced to both Eritrea and Ethiopia herself” of security and world peace make it dissolve their political parties and (Trevaskis 1960: 171). These words necessary that the country trade unions, and whole industries would prove to be prescient. be linked with our ally, Ethiopia.” were relocated from Asmara to Addis Ababa. Initially, the US provided Ethiopia Days after the UN resolution was with considerable economic, passed, Haile Selassie, the Ethiopian Eritreans were also subjected diplomatic, and military support Emperor, declared a national holiday to state repression, violence, and - unmatched on the continent. to celebrate the “restoration” of persecution, while all forms of Washington even made Ethiopia the Eritrea to Ethiopia. During a large civil disobedience, opposition, celebratory luncheon, attended by dissent, and resistance, which had ontinued on page 6 the US Ambassador to Ethiopia, largely been peaceful and involved c Resilient As Ever Eritrea Profile, Wedensday, 26 May, 2021 Vol 28. No.11 6 Eritrea’s Independence: A Story . . . effective military force. By 1973, aid from the West for many years.) political advisors to Ethiopia, and trajectory of the war shifted once continued from page 5 the Ethiopian regime’s failure to also provided billions of dollars in again as the Eritrean liberation first country in sub-Saharan Africa adequately respond to a famine in the By late 1977, Eritrean new military hardware. Additionally, forces began to regain the offensive to possess supersonic jet fighters. north of the country, in combination independence forces had liberated thousands of Soviet, Cuban, and and make significant advances. The Several thousand Ethiopians were with heavy pressure from Eritrean nearly the entire countryside, while South Yemeni frontline troops, Ethiopian army was routed in Afabet trained in the US, while several liberation forces (as well as a they also controlled all the major advisers, and technicians were in 1988 and the key coastal city of hundred American advisers were rebellion in the Ogaden region) led to towns in the country, except for the dispatched to the Ogaden. This not Massawa in 1990, before finally planted in Addis Ababa, with US a military revolt. In September 1974, port of Massawa and Asmara. At the only helped Ethiopia successfully being defeated near Asmara and in Special Forces units and other military after months of popular agitation same time, Ethiopia’s military was counter and defeat the Somali Assab in May 1991. personnel sent to Ethiopia to train and growing dissatisfaction with being stretched on another front by invasion, it also allowed it to shift local forces in counterinsurgency. the imperial regime, a committee the outbreak of war with Somalia. its military focus more directly on After its victory over Africa’s American support to Ethiopia was of military officers, the Derg, With Ethiopia already mired in a Eritrea. largest, best-equipped army, the augmented by considerable military overthrew the eighty-two-year old war with Eritrean forces, the Somali Eritrean People’s Liberation Front and technical assistance from a Emperor. Soon after, the Marxist- leader, General Mohamed Siad From the cusp of victory, the began preparations for a referendum number of other countries. Leninist Derg regime, led by Lt. Barre, sensing an opportunity to Eritrean liberation forces withdrew to allow Eritreans to determine their Colonel Mengistu Haile Mariam, capture the long-coveted Ogaden, to their base in Nakfa, “the place of future. Two years later, in 1993, Although American (and other ousted the US from the country and launched an invasion. However, the resilience” and capital of the harsh, Eritrea was formally welcomed countries’) support helped Ethiopia realigned Ethiopia with the Union of 1977/78 Soviet intervention on the rugged, mountainous Sahel province. into the international community of establish a large, modern army, Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). behalf of the beleaguered Ethiopian The war subsequently developed nations after a referendum in which the imperial regime was unable For the Ethiopian government and army dramatically shifted the into a protracted stalemate, featuring Eritreans overwhelmingly voted for to contain Eritrea’s liberation military, the USSR was to provide existing military balance of power a number of large, epic battles and independence. Having demonstrated movement, which had grown from a critical lifeline. (Despite Ethiopia in the Horn and completely reversed the Eritreans repulsing a series of tremendous resilience in the face of a small group of “bandits” into a shifting allegiance in the Cold War, Eritrean (and Somali) progress. The major Soviet-supported Ethiopian the greatest adversity, Eritreans were disciplined, formidable, and highly it continued to receive considerable USSR dispatched many military and offensives. By the late 1980s, the finally free.

A snapshot of the news official Messages of . . . celebration . . . continued from page 1 expressed that the existing excellent the socio-economic development as bilateral relations between Ethiopia well as contribution to the peace and ontinued from page 2 student performers made their c entrance. Some students sat in In their messages the leaders and Eritrea will further strengthen security in the Horn of Africa. past year cannot but constitute a the background while some were wished good health to President the mutual benefit of the people of “Wake-Up Call” for humanity. on the stage, wearing colorful Isaias Afwerki and peace and the two countries and the peoples of Also, President Sergio Mattarella This has provoked and amplified outfits. The performers had been prosperity to the Eritrean people. the Horn of Africa. of the Italian Republic expressed serious questions on different preparing and taking dancing readiness for more intense dialogue economic concepts and indicators; lessons for the past two-and-a- In his message Prime Minister President Vladmir Putin on his and profitable collaboration between developmental choices as well half months under the guidance Dr. Abiy Ahmed said “On behalf part expressed confidence that the Eritrea and Italy to deepen the as social, ecological and health of Mr. Nesredin Saleh and Ms. of the Government and the Federal bilateral relations between the two bilateral friendship and relationship precepts. In Eritrea, it has enabled Freselam Habte. What made this Democratic Republic of Ethiopia countries will continue to further as well as to restore conditions of us to identify our shortcomings year’s performance unique is that and that of my own, I would like develop for the wellbeing of the peace and stability in the Horn of – both in our health policies and for the very first time twenty songs to extend warmest congratulations two nations and for the benefit of Africa Region. operational modalities – and to were played and the performers and best wishes to Your Excellency strengthening regional stability and implement requisite adjustments danced for the entire time. Also, and through you to the brotherly security. In his message King Willem- at the outset. In this context, we songs of the nine ethnic groups and sisterly people of the State of Alexander of the Kingdom of the th shall not spare efforts to put the of Eritrea, accompanied by their Eritrea on the 30 Anniversary of Mr. Moussa Faki Mahamat, Netherlands said that the ongoing threat from the pandemic under traditional dances, were sung by the Independence Day of the State of Chairman of the African Union COVID-19 pandemic represents an full control in order to eliminate both young and veteran artists. Eritrea”. Commission, on his part expressed unprecedented global challenge and deleterious consequences to The performances reflected the appreciation for the continued wished that the Eritrean people have our safety and developmental unity and diversity, resilience, Prime Minister Dr. Abiy also efforts that Eritrea is deploying for strength, courage and health. objectives. This will require determination and hopes of our perseverance in our vigilance and people. the bolstering of our all-rounded Eritreans in Diaspora . . . research, preventive measures, The 30th Independence Day differs from anniversaries held in Speaking at the celebratory 30 years the Eritrean people and therapeutic capabilities.” ontinued from page 1 the past in its grand finale with c event, the Eritrean Consul General despite the various challenges In his conclusion, President Isaias the unique, beautiful and colorful building process. in Saudi Arabia, Mr. Abdurahman and hostilities encountered thanked Eritreans, particularly the fireworks that lasted for 20 Osman, congratulating the has registered commendable Eritrean Defense Forces, who have minutes. Songs from the 1990’s Chairperson of the Eritrean Eritrean people and its Defense achievement with a view to remained devoted to ensuring the were played as accompaniments Community in South Sudan, Forces expressed firm conviction realize economic self-reliance. country’s peace and security. to the fireworks. The youth took Mr. Amare Gebreab on his that the national development the ‘after-party’ to the center stage part highlighting the precious program will be successfully Speaking at celebratory event Subsequently, the military and danced there. Indeed, after price paid to secure national implemented through popular Eritrean nationals conducted in parade, accompanied by a all the ups and downs the people independence and later defend participation. Nairobi on 23 May, Mr. Beyene marching band, made their have been, they deserve the joy hard-won sovereignty stated that Russom, Eritrean Ambassador grand entrance. The crowd and party. Soon President Isaias Independence Day attests to the At the celebration event in Kenya, congratulating the welcomed them with ululation joined the youth and shared the resilience and heroic feat the conducted in the Sudan, Mr. Isa Eritrean people and its Defense and loud cheering. Chants broke joy and happiness of the day with Eritrean people demonstrated. Ahmed Isa, Eritrean Ambassador Forces called for renewing pledge out declaring this year’s slogan his people. The official ceremony in the Sudan, congratulating the to reinforce participation in the “resilience- as ever!”. ended with the national anthem at In related news, the Eritrean Eritrean people and its Defense national development endeavors. 8:00 p.m. community in Jeddah, Kingdom Forces said that this year’s After the military parade, a of Saudi Arabia celebrated Independence Day anniversary Eritrean nationals in the cities live performance was held with Salute to the heroes who made the 30th Independence Day is unique for it is celebrated at of Johannesburg and Pretoria and singers, poets, dancers, and other the dream a reality. Happy 30th anniversary by renewing their the time of new development its environs also enthusiastically performers. After the renowned Independence Day Anniversary pledge to strengthen contribution prevailing in the region. celebrated the 30th Independence poet, Ahmed Omer Sheik, recited to every Eritrean and the and participation in the nation- Day anniversary featuring various his poem “Ertrya 30”, 600 Government. building drive. Pointing out that in the past programs. Eritrea Profile, Wedensday, 26 May, 2021 Vol 28. No.11 7

Technical Skills Behavioural Skills Computer Literacy (MS Communication (English & Local Language) Office – Intermediate, Excel, Word) VACANCNCY Analytical Skill, Able to Pleasant telephone manner & Interpersonal Understand English skills ANNONNOUNCNCEMENT Attention to detail ,Problem Accuracy & Ability to work under pressure Solving Skills Ability to work toward strict deadlines, Bisha Mining Share Company is inviting interested applicants to apply for the Following Assertiveness & Results Oriented position for Bisha Site Project.:- Ability to multitask & Ability to work in multi – 1. Position: Cook disciplinary environment Department: Employee Services 3. Position: Printer Technician Section: Village & Services Department: FITS Number Required: Eight (8) Section: Information Technology (IT) TASK DESCRIPTION EXPANDED TO CORE PERFORMANCE AREAS Number Required: 01 (One) Cook Primary Purpose • Preparation of food as per set menu. • The printer technician is responsible for maintaining BMSC’s printers and related • Knowledge of amount of each food product to be cooked. systems and ensuring them in an operational state. This includes managing all print consumables • Responsible for full preparation of meal and dish out into counter dishes. and spare parts. In additional the printer technician is responsible for supporting end user print • Responsible to dish up food for employees. related issues. • Responsible to keep filling the counter dishes when food is finished. Main Functions • Ensure that he/she complies with personal hygiene standards as set out in procedure Printer Installations & Preventative Maintenance Cleaning • Work with systems and network teams to install and configure new printers. • Responsible to clean working tables in kitchen. • Perform routine cleaning and preventative repairs to printers as per manufacturer’s • Assist with the cleaning in the kitchen when required. specifications. Health and Safety • Maintain accurate logs of work performed to assist in identifying problematic • Knowledge of Health and Safety standards to be applied in working area. printers. • Attend safety talks each day to create awareness on safety. • Report a hazard or potential hazard to Demi Chef De Parte Printer Repairs Qualifications • Perform repairs to faulty printers and return to service in a timely fashion, • Grade 8 • Maintain accurate logs of faults and fixes. • Certificate Cooking Methods Printer Asset & Stock Management Knowledge and Experience • Maintain accurate asset register of all printers and maintain accurate inventory of all • 1 Year experience in Catering Industry printer consumables. • 1 Year experience in restaurant environment. • Maintain accurate inventory of all printer spare parts and manage purchasing process Technical Skills to ensure adequate stock levels of all consumables and spare parts. • Knowledge of Health and Safety Procedures End User Print Support • Knowledge of cooking and different foods • Assist end users with print related issues. • Knowledge of different cultural foods Reporting Behavioral Skills • Assist management to produce accurate reports on printer usage. • Interpersonal skills Unique requirements/Other Information • Team player • Strong command of English language (written/spoken) • Communication (Local language) • Ability to educate others on the operation of printers and printer related applications 2. Positions: Data Clerk Knowledge, Experience and Skills Department: Employee Services Qualifications: Section: Village Service IT Certificate, Diploma or Computer Science Degree and Electronics Certificate Number required: (01) Knowledge and Experience: Contract type: Indefinite Previous experience repairing and performing preventative maintenance to high TASK DESCRIPTION EXPANDED TO CORE PERFORMANCE AREAS:- volume business printers. Planning Experience performing repairs to electronic devices and Demonstrable knowledge • Records minutes and action plans from village and services meetings and distributes of printing standards. accordingly. Technical Skills Behavioral Skills Implementation of the Plan Microsoft Office 2010 and Microsoft Ability to work under pressure, • Provide receptionist service for the village and services. Windows 7 Operating System meet deadlines and ability to work • Assisting senior sous chefs on keeping their records independently • Handling incoming and outgoing calls. Basic understanding of computer Excellent customer service skills. • Input of data within the catering section. networks. Ability to troubleshoot technical Meeting deadlines / response time to • Restocking of pre-start sheets, Stationary and other office amenities. problems and find root cause of failures. queries • Identification and reporting of equipment faults. General Information and other requirements: • Correctly using the phone intercom system. Place of Work: Bisha. • Understand and use the supply systems to order/extract stock items. Salary: As per Company salary scale. • Collection and recording of all annual leave and sick leave. Type of Contract: Indefinite • Rostered days and roster administration & Follow standard operating procedures. Additional requirements for Nationals: • Collection and delivery of PPE to all catering sub sections and record issues. • Having fulfilled his/her National Service obligation and provide evidence of release • Filling Time sheet of catering per their absenteeism and prepare attendance sheet for paper from the Ministry of Defense. the next month Present clearance paper from current/last employer. • Identification and hazard awareness and maintaining a safe environment of the office • Testimonial documents to be attached (CV, work experience credentials, a copy of environment. your National Identity Card etc.). Reporting and Data Control • Only shortlisted applicants will be considered as potential candidates for an interview. • Generate reports as requested by catering supervisor. Application documents will not be returned to sender. • Provide essential daily, weekly and monthly and quarterly reports as defined. • All applications should be sent through Bisha Asmara office • Collect and record all annual leave and sick leave, rostered days and roster Deadline for application: 10 days from the day of publication in the Newspaper administration. Address: Please mail your applications to Bisha Mining Share Company, • Keeping records of employee work performance. P. O. Box 4276 Asmara, Eritrea Qualifications: • Note to non - Eritrean applicants: • Grade 12+ Certificate in computer science/office administration Please send a copy of your application to Knowledge and Experience: Aliens Employment permits Affairs, • 6-12 months computer experience and office work. P. O. Box 7940 Asmara, Eritrea • Knowledge of MS office. Eritrea Profile, Wedensday, 26 May, 2021 Vol 28. No.11 8

Photo: Taezaz Abrha, Yemane Abrha & Salih Abdelkadir

resilient as ever! 30th Independence Anniversary

Resilient As Ever