Understanding the Increase in Cases of COVID-19 in Chile Despite a High Vaccination Rate
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Collectivism Predicts Mask Use During COVID-19
Collectivism predicts mask use during COVID-19 Jackson G. Lua,1, Peter Jina, and Alexander S. Englishb,c,1 aSloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142; bDepartment of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310027, China; and cShanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 200083, China Edited by Hazel Rose Markus, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, and approved March 23, 2021 (received for review November 3, 2020) Since its outbreak, COVID-19 has impacted world regions differen- whereas individualism captures “thetendencytobemoreconcerned tially. Whereas some regions still record tens of thousands of new with one’s own needs, goals, and interests than with group-oriented infections daily, other regions have contained the virus. What ex- concerns” (7). People in collectivistic cultures are more likely to plains these striking regional differences? We advance a cultural agree with statements like “I usually sacrifice my self-interest for the psychological perspective on mask usage, a precautionary mea- benefitofmygroup” and “My happiness depends very much on the sure vital for curbing the pandemic. Four large-scale studies pro- happiness of those around me,” whereas people in individualistic vide evidence that collectivism (versus individualism) positively cultures are more likely to agree with statements like “Ioftendomy predicts mask usage—both within the United States and across own thing” and “What happens to me is my own doing” (6, 8–11). the world. Analyzing a dataset of all 3,141 counties of the 50 US As evidenced by widely used collectivism–individualism indices states (based on 248,941 individuals), Study 1a revealed that mask (12–15), collectivism–individualism varies both across countries and usage was higher in more collectivistic US states. -
CO₂ and Other Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Our World in Data
7/20/2019 CO₂ and other Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Our World in Data CO₂ and other Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser This article was first published in May 2017; however, its contents are frequently updated with the latest data and research. Introduction Carbon dioxide (CO2) is known as a greenhouse gas (GHG)—a gas that absorbs and emits thermal radiation, creating the 'greenhouse effect'. Along with other greenhouse gases, such as nitrous oxide and methane, CO2 is important in sustaining a habitable temperature for the planet: if there were absolutely no GHGs, our planet would simply be too cold. It has been estimated that without these gases, the average surface temperature of the Earth would be about -18 degrees celsius.1 Since the Industrial Revolution, however, energy-driven consumption of fossil fuels has led to a rapid increase in CO2 emissions, disrupting the global carbon cycle and leading to a planetary warming impact. Global warming and a changing climate have a range of potential ecological, physical and health impacts, including extreme weather events (such as floods, droughts, storms, and heatwaves); sea-level rise; altered crop growth; and disrupted water systems. The most extensive source of analysis on the potential impacts of climatic change can be found in the 5th Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report; this presents full coverage of all impacts in its chapter on Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability.2 In light of this evidence, UN member parties have set a target of limiting average warming to 2 degrees celsius above pre- industrial temperatures. -
COVID-19 Vaccination Programme: Information for Healthcare Practitioners
COVID-19 vaccination programme Information for healthcare practitioners Republished 6 August 2021 Version 3.10 1 COVID-19 vaccination programme: Information for healthcare practitioners Document information This document was originally published provisionally, ahead of authorisation of any COVID-19 vaccine in the UK, to provide information to those involved in the COVID-19 national vaccination programme before it began in December 2020. Following authorisation for temporary supply by the UK Department of Health and Social Care and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency being given to the COVID-19 Vaccine Pfizer BioNTech on 2 December 2020, the COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca on 30 December 2020 and the COVID-19 Vaccine Moderna on 8 January 2021, this document has been updated to provide specific information about the storage and preparation of these vaccines. Information about any other COVID-19 vaccines which are given regulatory approval will be added when this occurs. The information in this document was correct at time of publication. As COVID-19 is an evolving disease, much is still being learned about both the disease and the vaccines which have been developed to prevent it. For this reason, some information may change. Updates will be made to this document as new information becomes available. Please use the online version to ensure you are accessing the latest version. 2 COVID-19 vaccination programme: Information for healthcare practitioners Document revision information Version Details Date number 1.0 Document created 27 November 2020 2.0 Vaccine specific information about the COVID-19 mRNA 4 Vaccine BNT162b2 (Pfizer BioNTech) added December 2020 2.1 1. -
Editorial the Covid-19 Crisis
european journal of comparative law and governance 7 (2020) 109-115 brill.com/ejcl Editorial ∵ The covid-19 Crisis: A Challenge for Numeric Comparative Law and Governance In the past weeks, scholars from different disciplines – including myself – have been comparing the publicly available data from different countries about the coronavirus pandemic (covid-19) on a daily basis. For a researcher in com- parative law-and-governance, these data are very tempting. Would they allow to draw at least some very raw conclusions about the goodness or badness of some countries’ governance concerning the prevention of covid-19 deaths?1 The more I progressed in this research, the more conscious I became of the dangers lurking in a numeric comparative law2 approach to the covid-19 pan- demic. At least three mistakes should be avoided: The first mistake is to focus on the case fatality rate, i.e. the number of covid-19 deaths compared to the number of persons tested positive to the vi- rus in a certain country. For example, one may be tempted to assume that in Germany the governance of the pandemic has been much better than in Bel- gium, Denmark, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and Sweden, just be- cause in Germany the case fatality rate has been (and still is) lower than in the 1 M. Roser, H. Ritchie, E. Ortiz-Ospina, and J. Hasell, seem to believe in the possibility of such a comparison. See the Statistics and Research Coronavirus Pandemic (covid-19) website of the Oxford Martin School’s Our World in Data project, ‘Compare Countries’ and ‘Coronavirus Country Profiles’: “Which countries are doing better and which are doing worse?” We built 207 country profiles which allow you to explore the statistics on the coronavirus pan- demic for every country in the world”. -
The COVID-19 Pandemic: a Multidimensional Crisis
Gac Méd Caracas 2020;128(Supl 2):S137-S148 ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL DOI: 10.47307/GMC.2020.128.s2.2 The COVID-19 pandemic: A multidimensional crisis Dr. Friedrich Welsch1 SUMMARY The pandemic may be a catalyst for a new normalcy The COVID-19 pandemic hit nations in all continents with teleworking heading toward a working-from- hard with the Americas standing out as the world´s home-economy. hardest-hit region. Government responses have been varying in timeliness, stringency, and results with Key words: Pandemic, COVID-19, health system outcomes being independent of regime type or political preparedness, Government Response Stringency Index, system but influenced by early action and the severity containment strategies, government performance, of containment strategies. economic/financial impact, Venezuela, working-from- The economic and financial impact of the pandemic home, new normalcy. has been estimated at a US$ 8,8 trillion decrease of the global GDP, more than the economies of Japan and Germany combined, and threatening RESUMEN the destruction of nearly half the global workforce La pandemia del COVID-19 ha afectado duramente livelihoods. Governments worldwide have announced a las naciones de todos los continentes, destacando unprecedented rescue packages to the tune of around América como la región más afectada del mundo. Las US$ 10 trillion 40 percent of the global GDP. respuestas de los gobiernos han variado en cuanto a The pandemic hit Venezuela during a generalized oportunidad, rigor y resultados. Los impactos han sido humanitarian crisis and the health system in tatters. independientes del tipo de régimen o sistema político, The real dimension of the pandemic is a mystery due pero han estado influidos por las medidas tempranas to the opaqueness of the virus-related data published y la severidad de las estrategias de contención. -
The Impact of Social Media on the Individuals and Society During Covid-19-Lockdown Situation
Indian J. Soc. & Pol. 07 (02) : 51-54 : 2020 ISSN: 2348-0084 ( PRINT ) 31 July 2020 ISSN: 2455-2127(ONLINE) THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE INDIVIDUALS AND SOCIETY DURING COVID-19-LOCKDOWN SITUATION (An analytical study of the social media impact on individuals & society during the COVID pandemic) JOHN STEVENSON PATRA1 1M.B.A., M.A., PGDUPDL, Ex. Faculty, VRS & YRN College, Chirala, A.P. INDIA ABSTRACT Social Media can be defined as those forms of electronic communication (such as websites for social networking and micro-blogging) through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content (such as videos). As per wiki, Social media are interactive computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation or sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks. Some of the most popular Social Media include – Facebook, Tiktok (presently banned in India), We Chat, Instagram, Twitter, Linkedin, etc.,. Other famous platforms like Whatsapp, Telegram, Snap chat, Youtube, Zoom, Google meet, etc., are also off late deemed as part of Social Media. Users usually access social media services via web-based apps on desktops and laptops, or download services that offer social media functionality to their mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablets). Through Social Media, individuals, communities, and organizations share, co-create, discuss, participate and modify user-generated content or self-curated content posted online. This study paper deals with the role played by the Social Media in India in the situations prevailing on account of the COVID-19 pandemic and Lockdowns KEYWORDS: Pandemic, COVID-19, Lockdown, Social Networking COVID-19 AND LOCKDOWN 19 pandemic. -
Download This Issue
COVID ECONOMICS VETTED AND REAL-TIME PAPERS ECONOMIC EPIDEMIOLOGY: ISSUE 48 A REVIEW 10 SEPTEMBER 2020 David McAdams INDIVIDUALISM Bo Bian, Jingjing Li, Ting Xu FORECASTING THE SHOCK and Natasha Z. Foutz Felipe Meza ENTREPRENEUR DEBT AVERSION IS WHO TRUSTED? Mikael Paaso, Vesa Pursiainen Nirosha Elsem Varghese, Iryna and Sami Torstila Sabat, Sebastian Neuman‑Böhme, SUPPLY CHAIN DISRUPTION Jonas Schreyögg, Tom Stargardt, Matthias Meier and Eugenio Pinto Aleksandra Torbica, Job van Exel, PANDEMICS, POVERTY, AND Pedro Pita Barros and Werner Brouwer SOCIAL COHESION ECONOMISTS: FROM VILLAINS Remi Jedwab, Amjad M. Khan, Richard TO HEROES? Damania, Jason Russ and Esha D. Zaver Diane Coyle Covid Economics Vetted and Real-Time Papers Covid Economics, Vetted and Real-Time Papers, from CEPR, brings together formal investigations on the economic issues emanating from the Covid outbreak, based on explicit theory and/or empirical evidence, to improve the knowledge base. Founder: Beatrice Weder di Mauro, President of CEPR Editor: Charles Wyplosz, Graduate Institute Geneva and CEPR Contact: Submissions should be made at https://portal.cepr.org/call-papers- covid-economics. Other queries should be sent to [email protected]. Copyright for the papers appearing in this issue of Covid Economics: Vetted and Real-Time Papers is held by the individual authors. The Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) The Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) is a network of over 1,500 research economists based mostly in European universities. The Centre’s goal is twofold: to promote world-class research, and to get the policy-relevant results into the hands of key decision-makers. CEPR’s guiding principle is ‘Research excellence with policy relevance’. -
The Fast Approval and Slow Rollout of Sputnik V: Why Is Russia's Vaccine
Article The Fast Approval and Slow Rollout of Sputnik V: Why Is Russia’s Vaccine Rollout Slower than That of Other Nations? Elza Mikule 1,*,† , Tuuli Reissaar 1,† , Jennifer Villers 1,† , Alain Simplice Takoupo Penka 1,† , Alexander Temerev 2 and Liudmila Rozanova 2 1 Global Studies Institute, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; [email protected] (T.R.); [email protected] (J.V.); [email protected] (A.S.T.P.) 2 Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; [email protected] (A.T.); [email protected] (L.R.) * Correspondence: [email protected] † These authors contributed equally. Abstract: The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the beginning of 2020 led to the deployment of enormous amounts of resources by different countries for vaccine development, and the Russian Federation was the first country in the world to approve a COVID-19 vaccine on 11 August 2020. In our research we sought to crystallize why the rollout of Sputnik V has been relatively slow considering that it was the first COVID-19 vaccine approved in the world. We looked at production capacity, at the number of vaccine doses domestically administered and internationally exported, and at vaccine hesitancy levels. By 6 May 2021, more first doses of Sputnik V had been administered Citation: Mikule, E.; Reissaar, T.; abroad than domestically, suggesting that limited production capacity was unlikely to be the main Villers, J.; Takoupo Penka, A.S.; reason behind the slow rollout. What remains unclear, however, is why Russia prioritized vaccine Temerev, A.; Rozanova, L. -
Global Extreme Poverty I.2 Extreme Poverty in the Broader Context of Well-Being II
Our World in Data Search... Blog About Donate Population Health Food Energy Environment Technology Growth & Inequality Work & Life Public Sector Global Connections War & Peace Politics Violence & Rights Education Media Culture Contents I. Introduction I.1 Overview of this entry Global Extreme Poverty I.2 Extreme poverty in the broader context of well-being II. Extreme poverty in a historical perspective [cite] by Esteban Ortiz-Ospina and Max Roser II.1 Historical poverty around the world II.2 Historical poverty in today’s rich countries III. Extreme poverty around the world today I. Introduction III.1 The evolution of extreme poverty, country by country III.2 The evolution of poverty by world regions III.3 The demographics of extreme poverty I.1 Overview of this entry III.4 The future of extreme poverty III.5 Poverty across multiple dimensions This entry is concerned with extreme poverty. The World Bank is the main source for global information on extreme IV. Correlates, determinants and consequences poverty today and sets the International Poverty Line. This poverty line was revised in 2015 – since then a person is IV.1 Poverty traps considered to be in extreme poverty if he or she is living on less than 1.90 international dollars (int.-$) per day. The IV.2 Evidence on specific strategies to reduce poverty poverty measurement is based on the monetary value of a person’s consumption, but since consumption measures are IV.3 Cross-country correlates unfortunately not available for all countries, the World Bank has to rely on income measures for some countries. V. -
Arxiv:2109.00050V1 [Stat.AP] 31 Aug 2021 2 Methodology
USE OF ALTERNATIVE DATA:HIGH FREQUENCY READOUT OF THE SITUATION - COVID POLICIES, MOBILITY AND R-NUMBER Ashutosh Mani Dixit Suraj Regmi Economist Data Scientist [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT The role of alternative data in the crisis was recognized even before the COVID-19 pandemic[1]. Now, the months of stalemate made it more urgent to understand the importance of high-frequency data to inform the policy responses [2]. In Nepal, the Government has exerted stay put measures, and physical data collection activities are suspended. The confirmed cases of COVID-19 has reached more than 560,000[3] and the country is on high alert . In this impasse, the number of secondary cases one would produce over the course of outbreak - the reproduction number (R0) is useful to monitor the transmissibility of COVID-19 [4]. As the R-value is rapidly changing, it can be affected by a range of factors, including not just how infectious a disease is but how Government responds to it, and how the population behaves1. The World Health Organization (WHO) has suggested to the Government of Nepal several recommendations to contain the further spread of COVID-19. To get a sense of how Nepal is coping with the coronavirus pandemic we look at the alternative data sets to get a better understanding of the pandemic policies, mobility, and R-value during COVID. Keywords Alternative data · COVID-19 · R-Number 1 Objective (a) To get the high frequency read out of the COVID situation in Nepal We calculate effective reproduction number (R-value) from OWID data (smoothed)[5], and gain additional insights from COVID-19 community mobility reports2, the Oxford Coronavirus Government response tracker - Oxford stringency index3 and Google search trends.[7] (b) Make available the source code for extracting alternative data The data, and source code, along with frequently updated dashboard monitoring the R-value will be made open and available for public use. -
4Th in India, Cases Rise to 173 in Country
WWW.YUGMARG.COM FOLLOW US ON REGD NO. CHD/0061/2006-08 | RNI NO. 61323/95 Friday, March 20, 2020 CHANDIGARH, VOL. XXV, NO. 52, PAGES 12, RS. 2 YOUR REGION, YOUR PAPER Mapping work to be Himachal CM Would love to Priyanka Chopra taken up in phased launches police sta- be in quarantine collaborates with manner in all Haryana tion visitor survey with Quinton de WHO to spread villages: CM Manohar and e-night beat Kock: Dale awareness Lal checking system Steyn over COVID-19 PAGE 3 PAGE 5 PAGE 12 PAGE 10 Corona virus takes first life in Punjab MEA to evacuate 4th in India, cases rise to 173 in country next batch of Indians from Italy this week NEW DELHI: The Ministry of Public transport banned External Affairs on Thursday announced that it is planning to evacuate the next batch of Indi- ans from Italy this weekend. "We are planning to evacuate in Punjab from today the next batch of Indians from Italy this weekend, further de- tails are being worked out with the civil aviation ministry," MEA Board examination postponed, dining spokesperson Raveesh Kumar said in a weekly briefing. A special Air India flight evacu- at restaurants, dhabas prohibited ated 211 students and seven compassionate cases from Mi- lan in northern Italy and BUREAU reached Delhi on Sunday. CHANDIGARH, MARCH Teachers, staff to work All the evacuees have been 19: quarantined for 15 days at the from home in Haryana ITBP's Chhawla facility and Taking serious note of the their blood samples have been CHANDIGARH: Haryana Government has decided that teaching collected by the doctors for COVID-19 which is spread- and non-teaching staff in all government and private schools of testing. -
Transatlantic Excess Mortality Comparisons in the Pandemic
Transatlantic excess mortality comparisons in the pandemic Janine Aron and John Muellbauer1 25 August 2020 Abstract: In a previous article, we considered key issues for comparing rates of excess mortality between countries and regions, with an application to European countries. This article compares the U.S. with Europe, and U.S. regions with the main European countries. The U.S. policy-makers had multiple advantages over European countries, such as Italy and Spain, in responding to the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic: more time to react, with excess deaths lagging three weeks behind, and a younger, less densely-populated, less urban population. With the further passage of time, medical knowledge about Covid-19 has improved, health and testing capacities have been built up and practical experience has allowed both the private precautionary responses of citizens and of public policies to develop. This should have given countries and regions, for example, the U.S. South, the West and the Midwest, together accounting for 83 percent of the U.S. population, and where the spread of virus occurred later, a further advantage over those caught up in the first pandemic wave. Despite this, a comparison for the whole of the U.S. with Europe, excluding Russia, shows that the cumulative rate of excess mortality in 2020 was higher in the U.S.. And for the U.S. Northeast, the most comparable U.S. region, being closest to major European countries in the timing of the pandemic, and in population-density, age and urbanisation, the plausible measures of excess mortality prove substantially worse than for the worst-affected countries in Europe.