DOCSLIB.ORG

Marine Minerals As Tracers of Detrital Provenance and Transport Agent / ATHALE AEL

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Marine Minerals As Tracers of Detrital Provenance and Transport Agent / �ATHAL�E �A�EL � macla nº 16. junio /12 12 revista de la sociedad española de mineralogía Marine Minerals as Tracers of Detrital Provenance and Transport Agent / #ATHAL(E *A+EL ,-. Universit de Lige Dpartement de ologie U.. AEs D Argiles; +7ochimie et Environnement s7dimentaires; B1I; All7e du 6 AoLt; SartDTilman BDN000 Li9ge TODUCTO In marine sediments mineral assemblages may be used to determine the provenance of detrital inputs. In particular clay minerals have been used as a tracer of provenance and transport mechanisms (e.g., Biscaye, 1965; see Fagel, 2007 for a review – Fig. 1). Detrital clay minerals are formed in soils by physical or chemical weathering. Eroded by river, wind or ice they are carried into shallow and deep water masses of the adjacent seas. Their modern distribution pattern on the sea floor provides information on their dispersion by atmospheric or oceanic currents (Gingele et al. 2001a, b). A prerequisite for the reconstruction of transport pathways is the identification of specific source areas on the adjacent continent (Hillenbrand and Ehrmann 2005). Once the relationship between a specific clay mineral assemblage, a given source and a transport agent is established, variations of this assemblage in down-core profiles may be used to detect paleocurrent changes (Diekmann et al. 1996, Gingele et al. 1999, Gingele et al. 2004). However the interpretation of down-core changes in mineral assemblages depends on available information on the modern distribution and sources. The use of clay proxies to reconstruct transport pathways is most efficient in areas characterised by distinct mineralogical provinces (e.g., Gingele et fig. 1. The clay tool RoX ,modified from *agel 200Z. al. 2001a; Moriarty 1977; Fagel et al., 1992; Liu et al. 2003; Venkatarathnan Likely Petschick et al. (1996) has used mineral assemblage since several and Ryan 1971). For instance the the clay mineral assemblages in surface sources and transport processes may be alternation of two distinct clay mineral ocean sediments to outline the extent involved. In that case the distribution assemblages as expressed by their clay and propagation of North Atlantic Deep pattern of clay minerals is not sufficient mineral ratios has been used to trace water into the South Atlantic. to define their provenance (Carson and seasonal monsoon circulation in the Arcaro 1983). The radiogenic isotopic South China Sea (Liu et al. 2003) and However it may be difficult to assign one signature of the detrital sedimentary the Arabian Sea (Fagel et al. 1992). main source area to a specific clay fraction may provide additional palaRras clave: Minerales de la arcilla, Mineralogía, Isótopos Tey words: Clay minerals, Mineralogy, Radiogenic isotope, Marine radiogénicos, Sedimentos marinos; Agentes de transporte sediment, Transport agent. resumen SEM/SEA 2012 * corresponding author: [email protected] macla nº 16. junio /12 revista de la sociedad española de mineralogía 13 constraints to identify the sources and bottom sediment evidences a Central Arctic Ocean trace sediment provenance (e.g., relationship between the clay Grousset et al. 1988, Fagel et al. 1999, assemblage and the current pathway. For Central Arctic Ocean, we focus our Walter et al. 2000, Rutberg et al. 2005, provenance discussion on the relative Fagel and Mattielli, 2011). An enrichment in smectite was contribution of surface currents since in systematicaly observed along the path deep Arctic sea-ice is probably the most In this study we will combine mineral of the Western Boundary Undercurrent important sediment carrier, especially and geochemical proxies to trace (WBUC); i.e. the main current that for clays and silts (e.g., Eicken et al., detrital source and to identify the main carries the NADW masses in the North 2005). For this study we identify the transport agent in two oceanic settings, Atlantic basins. mineralogical and geochemical (trace the North Atlantic and the Central Arctic. and Nd and Pb isotope) signature of a The variation in down-core assemblage Based on this calibration down-core sediment core collected on the and composition will be further used to changes in clay composition and their Mendeleev Ridge, in Central Arctic estimate the temporal changes in isotope signature have been therefore Ocean (Fig. 3). detrital particle supplies. We will use to monitor deep current variability emphasize how this multiproxy through the Holocene. Evolution of approach is powerful to provide smectite/illite ratios and clay fluxes paleoceanographical implications, evidence enhanced supplies by WBUC especially in complex environments. into the Labrador Sea. Changes in the Nd and Pb signatures of clay-size CASE STUD(ES fraction of Holocene sediments provide constraints on the different sources LaRrador Sea and #orth Atlantic Basins areas that supplied the fine clayey particles into the Labrador Sea. We have analysed the mineralogy and Nd and Pb isotope signatures of the clay- Based on sedimentary mixings, our size fraction of several deep sediment isotopic dataset emphasizes significant cores collected in Labrador Sea and shifts in the radiogenic composition of adjacent basins (fig. 2). the sedimentary fractions are evidenced during the last 6 kyr, suggesting a main The cores are located along gyres of the change in the relative contribution of the fig. Location of sediment core in Central Arctic North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) two major components of NADW, i.e. the and distriRution of main surface currents ,DarRy et components. North East Atlantic Deep water (NEADW) al.; 200\.. and the Danmark Strait Overflow Water According to 230Th and 210Pb Modern distribution of minerals in (DSOW) during the Holocene. stratigraphy, the study interval covers the last 300 kyr. The mineralogy of the silt and sand fractions display pronounced changes in the relative contribution of carbonates (calcite and dolomite) in regard with silicates (mainly quartz and feldspars). Carbonate-rich layers match with interglacial stages. The clay mineralogy of the fine fraction (< 20 µm) is dominated by illite (60- 70%) with no major down-core variation, except some enrichment in kaolinite. The clay mineral distribution alone does not bring any pertinent information on provenance. However our Nd and Pb isotope data measured on the fine detrital fraction display significant changes over glacial/interglacial periods. Based on literature review the various geological terranes outcropping along the Arctic margins were characterised by their radiogenic fingerprints. Since the main sources were identified we interpret the glacial/interglacial fig 2. Location of sedimentary cores in #orth Atlantic Rasins and modern pathway of deep water variability by changes in their relative masses. Map modified from *agel et al.; 200N. contribution to particle supplies on the macla nº 16. junio /12 14 revista de la sociedad española de mineralogía M endeleeiv Ridge. During interglacials Springer^_erlag; 621^6NN. marine sediments and aerosols: orth the site receives material from erosion Eicen H. radinger . +aylord A.; Atlantic Earth Planetary Science Mahoney A. igor . and Melling H. Letters IZ 6. from the Canadian and American margins whereas during glacials the 200: Sediment transport y sea ice in Hillenrand C.D. Ehrmann W. 200): the Chuchi and Beaufort Seas: p articles are mainly derived from the Late #eogene to luaternary (ncreasing importance due to changing environmental changes in the Antarctic Eurasian margin. We attribute the ice conditions? Deep Sea Cesearch Part contrasted sedimentary supplies to Peninsula region: evidence from drift : Topical Studies in Oceanography 2 sediments. +loRal Planetary Change changes in the position between the 2102. N\ 1611. Beaufort Gyre and the Transpolar Drift, agel . ,200: Marine clay minerals; deep Liu . Trentesau A. Clemens; S.C.; Colin; i.e. the two main Arctic surface currents. circulation and climate. n: C. Wang P. Huang B. Boulay S. Our bulk mineralogical and geochemical Paleoceanography of the Late Cenooic 200): Clay mineral assemRlages in data confirm that the sediment ol 1: Methodsd C. HillaireMarcel A. de the northern South China Sea: ernal. Eds Elservier Amsterdam 1 provenances in Central Arctic remain implications for East Asian monsoon 1. evolution over the past 2 million years. close to the Present conditions during agel #.; HillaireDMarcel C.; HumRlet M. Marine +eology 201 116. the earlier interglacials. In contrast the Brasseur . Weis D. and . Stevenson Moriarty K.C. ,1): Clay minerals in limit between the Beaufort Gyre and the 200: #d and PR isotope signatures of southeast (ndian Ocean sediments; Transpolar Drift may be different during the clayDsice fraction of LaRrador Sea transport mechanisms and glacial. sediments during the Holocene: depositional environments. Marine mplications for the inception of the +eology 2\ 11. CO#CLUS(O# modern deep circulation pattern. Petschic . Kuhn +. ingele *.. Paleoceanography 1 PA002 16: Clay mineral distriution in doi:10.102/200PA000. surface sediments of the South In marine sediments clay minerals are *agel; #.; DeRraRant; P.; De Menocal; P.; mainly detrital. They usually derive from Atlantic sources transport and Demoulin; B.; ,1ff2): Utilisation des relation to oceanography. Marine several source areas and may be min7rauX s7dimentaires argileuX pour la +eology 1[0 2022. supplied by different transport agents. reconstitution des variations uterg .L. +oldstein S.L. Hemming We propose to combine mineralogical pal7oclimatihues i court terme en Mer S.. Anderson
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sediment Transport in the San Francisco Bay Coastal System: an Overview
    Marine Geology 345 (2013) 3–17 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/margeo Sediment transport in the San Francisco Bay Coastal System: An overview Patrick L. Barnard a,⁎, David H. Schoellhamer b,c, Bruce E. Jaffe a, Lester J. McKee d a U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA, USA b U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, USA c University of California, Davis, USA d San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond, CA, USA article info abstract Article history: The papers in this special issue feature state-of-the-art approaches to understanding the physical processes Received 29 March 2012 related to sediment transport and geomorphology of complex coastal–estuarine systems. Here we focus on Received in revised form 9 April 2013 the San Francisco Bay Coastal System, extending from the lower San Joaquin–Sacramento Delta, through the Accepted 13 April 2013 Bay, and along the adjacent outer Pacific Coast. San Francisco Bay is an urbanized estuary that is impacted by Available online 20 April 2013 numerous anthropogenic activities common to many large estuaries, including a mining legacy, channel dredging, aggregate mining, reservoirs, freshwater diversion, watershed modifications, urban run-off, ship traffic, exotic Keywords: sediment transport species introductions, land reclamation, and wetland restoration. The Golden Gate strait is the sole inlet 9 3 estuaries connecting the Bay to the Pacific Ocean, and serves as the conduit for a tidal flow of ~8 × 10 m /day, in addition circulation to the transport of mud, sand, biogenic material, nutrients, and pollutants.
    [Show full text]
  • Sedimentary Provenance Studies
    Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021 Sedimentary provenance studies P. D. W. HAUGHTON 1, S. P. TODD 2 & A. C. MORTON 3 1 Department of Geology and Applied Geology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK 2 BP Exploration, Britannic House, Moor Lane, London, EC2Y 9BU, UK SBritish Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK The study of sedimentary provenance interfaces review by looking briefly at the framework several of the mainstream geological disciplines within which provenance studies are undertaken. (mineralogy, geochemistry, geochronology, sedi- mentology, igneous and metamorphic petro- logy). Its remit includes the location and nature A requisite framework for provenance of sediment source areas, the pathways by which studies sediment is transferred from source to basin of deposition, and the factors that influence the The validity and scope of any provenance study, composition of sedimentary rocks (e.g. relief, and the strategy used, are determined by a climate, tectonic setting). Materials subject to number of attributes of the targeted sediment/ study are as diverse as recent muds in the Missis- sedimentary rock (e.g. grain-size, degree of sipi River basin (Potter et al. 1975), Archaean weathering, availability of dispersal data, extent shales (McLennan et al. 1983), and soils on the of diagenetic overprint etc.). For most appli- Moon (Basu et al. 1988). cations, the location of the source is critical, and A range of increasingly sophisticated tech- ancillary data constraining this are necessary. niques is now available to workers concerned These data should limit both the direction in with sediment provenance.
    [Show full text]
  • A Combined Petrographical-Geochemical Provenance Study of the Newland Formation, Mid-Proterozoic of Montana
    223 A combined petrographical-geochemical provenance study of the Newland Formation, Mid-Proterozoic of Montana JüRGEN SCHIEBER Department of Geology, The University of Texas at Arlington (UTA), Arlington, Texas 76019, U.S.A. Abstract - A provenance study was conducted on the Mid-Proterozoic Newland Formation, in which petrographical features of sandstones and geochemical characteristics of shales were integrated to arrive at an internally consistent interpretation. Sandstones of the Newland Formation are typically arkosic sands and arkoses with very well rounded quartz and feldspar grains and only minor amounts of extrabasinal rock fragments. The predominant feldspar types are K-spar and microcline, feldspar grains are smaller than quartz grains, and feldspars show little alteration due to weathering. Detrital modes of Newland sandstones (QFL diagrams) indicate that they were derived from a stable cratonic source. These petrographical features imply a source area dominated by granites and granitoid gneisses, semi-arid to arid climate, tectonic quiescence and overall peneplain conditions. Shales of the Newland Formation are dominated by illite, quartz silt, and fine crystalline dolomite. They have small La/Th rations, relatively large Hf contents, and small contents of Cr, Co, and Ni, all indicative of derivation from crust of granitic composition. Small TiO2/AI2O3 ratios also suggest source rocks of granitic composition. The average chemical index of alteration (CIA) for Newland shales is 71.8, which in light of the probable granitoid source indicates modest amounts of chemical weathering. Relatively large Si02 contents and large K20/Na20 ratios reflect derivation from stable cratonic areas and tectonic quiescence. Thus, in general, the petrography of sandstones and geochemistry of shales provides the same provenance clues for the Newland Formation.
    [Show full text]
  • Geochemical Provenance of Clastic Sedimentary Rocks in the Western Cordillera: Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, and Oregon
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2009 Geochemical Provenance of Clastic Sedimentary Rocks in the Western Cordillera: Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, and Oregon John Aaron Peterson Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Peterson, John Aaron, "Geochemical Provenance of Clastic Sedimentary Rocks in the Western Cordillera: Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, and Oregon" (2009). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 439. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/439 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GEOCHEMICAL PROVENANCE OF CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS IN THE WESTERN CORDILLERA: UTAH, COLORADO, WYOMING, AND OREGON by John Aaron Peterson A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Geology Approved: ____________________________ ____________________________ Dr. John W. Shervais Dr. W. David Liddell Major Professor Committee Member ___________________________ ____________________________ Dr. Peter T. Kolesar Dr. Byron R. Burnham Committee Member Dean of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2009 ii Copyright John Aaron Peterson 2009 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Geochemical Provenance of Clastic Sedimentary Rocks in the Western Cordillera: Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, and Oregon By John Aaron Peterson, Master of Science Utah State University, 2009 Major Professor: Dr. John W. Shervais Department: Geology Sedimentary rocks are an important source of information about previous orogenic conditions and the composition of which may describe the evolution of provenance and tectonic setting.
    [Show full text]
  • Scholars Bulletin Application of Heavy Mineral Data in Provenance Analysis
    Niu Dongliang.; Sch. Bull.; Vol-2, Iss-3 (Mar, 2016):162-164 Scholars Bulletin ISSN 2412-9771 (Print) (A Multidisciplinary Journal) ISSN 2412-897X (Online) An Official Publication of “Scholars Middle East Publishers”, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Website: http://scholarsbulletin.com/ Application of heavy mineral data in provenance analysis Niu Dongliang College of earth science of Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China *Corresponding Author: Niu Dongliang Email: [email protected] Abstract: Heavy mineral analysis plays an important role in provenance analysis that determines the location of the source region, source spreading and feeding direction. In the detailed results of previous studies and on the basis of reading a lot of literature, this paper expounds the important role of the four heavy minerals analysis methods in provenance analysis include: the traits of heavy mineral, typomorphic characteristic, stability factor, etc., then, state the advantage and disadvantage. Keywords: heavy minerals; provenance analysis; source rock; stability. INTRODUCTION Heavy mineral analysis method is one of PROVENANCE ANALYSIS WITH THE TRAITS mature provenance analysis methods. Early heavy OF HEAVY MINERAL (TYPES, CONTENTS AND mineral analysis mainly based on its physical and DISTRIBUTION) optical properties. With the application of electronic Heavy mineral probe, the characteristic that mineral geochemical Due to the different distances or different differentiation can be fully utilized. Heavy mineral handling natural and geographical conditions, even refers to the mineral which proportion is more than 2.86 from the same deposition area, different deposits may in the sedimentary rocks, its resistance to abrasion and form individually, but the heavy mineral assemblage strong stability make it capability of more retained by they contain should be the same generally (table 1), But parent rock characteristics.
    [Show full text]
  • Making Geological Sense of 'Big Data' In
    Chemical Geology 409 (2015) 20–27 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Chemical Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chemgeo Making geological sense of ‘Big Data’ in sedimentary provenance analysis Pieter Vermeesch a,⁎, Eduardo Garzanti b a London Geochronology Centre, University College London, United Kingdom b Laboratory for Provenance Studies, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Italy article info abstract Article history: Sedimentary provenance studies increasingly apply multiple chemical, mineralogical and isotopic proxies to Received 14 January 2015 many samples. The resulting datasets are often so large (containing thousands of numerical values) and complex Received in revised form 30 April 2015 (comprising multiple dimensions) that it is warranted to use the Internet-era term ‘Big Data’ to describe them. Accepted 5 May 2015 This paper introduces Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), Generalised Procrustes Analysis (GPA) and Individual Available online 15 May 2015 Differences Scaling (INDSCAL, a type of ‘3-way MDS’ algorithm) as simple yet powerful tools to extract geological ‘ ’ Editor: K. Mezger insights from Big Data in a provenance context. Using a dataset from the Namib Sand Sea as a test case, we show how MDS can be used to visualise the similarities and differences between 16 fluvial and aeolian sand samples for Keywords: five different provenance proxies, resulting in five different ‘configurations’.Theseconfigurations can be fed into Provenance a GPA algorithm, which translates, rotates, scales and reflects them to extract a ‘consensus view’ for all the data Statistics considered together. Alternatively, the five proxies can be jointly analysed by INDSCAL, which fits the data with Sediments not one but two sets of coordinates: the ‘group configuration’, which strongly resembles the graphical output – U Pb produced by GPA, and the ‘source weights’, which can be used to attach geological meaning to the group config- Zircon uration.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracing Beach Sand Provenance and Transport Using Foraminifera: Preliminary Examples from Northwest Europe and Southeast Australia
    University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health January 2000 Tracing Beach Sand Provenance and Transport using Foraminifera: Preliminary Examples from Northwest Europe and Southeast Australia S. K. Haslett Bath Spa University, UK Edward A. Bryant University of Wollongong, [email protected] R. H. Curr Bath Spa University, UK Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/scipapers Part of the Life Sciences Commons, Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Haslett, S. K.; Bryant, Edward A.; and Curr, R. H.: Tracing Beach Sand Provenance and Transport using Foraminifera: Preliminary Examples from Northwest Europe and Southeast Australia 2000. https://ro.uow.edu.au/scipapers/109 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Tracing Beach Sand Provenance and Transport using Foraminifera: Preliminary Examples from Northwest Europe and Southeast Australia Abstract Foraminifera are marine Sarcodine Protozoa that possess tests (shells) that are preservable in the fossil record. These tests may either be constructed using organically cemented detritus (agglutinating or arenaceous forms), or secreted using calcium carbonate (calcareous forms). Their ecology embraces planktonic and benthonic modes, although planktonic forms generally inhabit the open ocean and seldom live in coastal waters in any abundance, while benthonic foraminifera exist on substrates from abyssal plains to high intertidal areas. There are many species of foraminifera that are niche-specific, making them ideal for palaeoenvironmental analysis (Boersma, 1978; Brasier, 1980; Murray, 1991; Culver, 1993).
    [Show full text]
  • Detrital Zircon Geochronology and Its Provenance Implications
    EAGE Basin Research (2010) 22, 126–138, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00440.x Detrital zircon geochronology and its provenance implications: responses to Jurassic through Neogene basin-range interactions along northern margin of the Tarim Basin, Northwest China Zhong Lin and Shoutao Pengn,w nInstitute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China wExploration & Production Research Institute, SinoPec, Beijing, China ABSTRACT Previously published research from the Kuqa Subbasin along northern margin of theTarim Basin shows ¢ve tectonic-depositional phases fromTriassic to Neogene time. In order to reveal additional detailed information on the nature of provenance terrains and tectonic attributes since late Mesozoic time, ¢ve typical sandstone samples from Jurassic^Neogene strata were collected for U^Pb dating of detrital zircons.Geochronological constitution of detrital zircons of the Middle Jurassic sample is essentially unimodal and indicates major contributions from the South Tian Shan even Yili^Central Tian Shan, wherein most 370^450 Ma zircons probably resulted from tectonic accretion events between theYili^Central Tian Shan block and SouthTian Shan Ocean during Silurian and Devonian time, with sandstone provenance tectonic attributes of passive continental margin.The Lower Cretaceous sample shows a complicated provenance detrital zircon signature, with new peak ages of 290^330 Ma as well as 370(or 350)^450 Ma showing evident arc orogenic provenance tectonic attribute, probably re£ecting a new provenance supply that resulted from denudation process whthin the SouthTian Shan and SouthTian Shan suture.There are no obvious changes within age probability spectra of detrital zircons between the Cretaceous and early Paleogene samples, which suggests that similar provenance types and basin-range framework continued from Cretaceous to Early Paleogene time.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Variations in Provenance and Abundance of Ice-Rafted Clasts
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- Published Research US Geological Survey 2001 Regional variations in provenance and abundance of ice-rafted clasts in Arctic Ocean sediments: implications for the configuration of late Quaternary oceanic and atmospheric circulation in the Arctic R. L. Phillips U.S. Geological Survey, [email protected] A. Grantz Stanford University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Phillips, R. L. and Grantz, A., "Regional variations in provenance and abundance of ice-rafted clasts in Arctic Ocean sediments: implications for the configuration of late Quaternary oceanic and atmospheric circulation in the Arctic" (2001). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 439. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/439 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- Published Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Marine Geology 172 (2001) 91–115 www.elsevier.nl/locate/margeo Regional variations in provenance and abundance of ice-rafted clasts in Arctic Ocean sediments: implications for the configuration of late Quaternary oceanic and atmospheric circulation in the Arctic R.L. Phillipsa,*, A. Grantzb aUS Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 999, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA bDepartment of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2115, USA Received 2 June 1999; accepted 25 July 2000 Abstract The composition and distribution of ice-rafted glacial erratics in late Quaternary sediments define the major current systems of the Arctic Ocean and identify two distinct continental sources for the erratics.
    [Show full text]
  • Why and How Do We Study Sediment Transport? Focus on Coastal Zones and Ongoing Methods
    water Editorial Why and How Do We Study Sediment Transport? Focus on Coastal Zones and Ongoing Methods Sylvain Ouillon ID LEGOS, Université de Toulouse, IRD, CNES, CNRS, UPS, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France; [email protected]; Tel.: +33-56133-2935 Received: 22 February 2018; Accepted: 22 March 2018; Published: 27 March 2018 Abstract: Scientific research on sediment dynamics in the coastal zone and along the littoral zone has evolved considerably over the last four decades. It benefits from a technological revolution that provides the community with cheaper or free tools for in situ study (e.g., sensors, gliders), remote sensing (satellite data, video cameras, drones) or modelling (open source models). These changes favour the transfer of developed methods to monitoring and management services. On the other hand, scientific research is increasingly targeted by public authorities towards finalized studies in relation to societal issues. Shoreline vulnerability is an object of concern that grows after each marine submersion or intense erosion event. Thus, during the last four decades, the production of knowledge on coastal sediment dynamics has evolved considerably, and is in tune with the needs of society. This editorial aims at synthesizing the current revolution in the scientific research related to coastal and littoral hydrosedimentary dynamics, putting into perspective connections between coasts and other geomorphological entities concerned by sediment transport, showing the links between many fragmented approaches of the topic, and introducing the papers published in the special issue of Water on “Sediment transport in coastal waters”. Keywords: sediment transport; cohesive sediments; non cohesive sediments; sand; mud; coastal erosion; sedimentation; morphodynamics; suspended particulate matter; bedload 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Nature and Provenance of the Sandstone Used for Bayon Style Sculptures Produced During the Reign of Jayavarman VII
    Journal of Archaeological Science 40 (2013) 723e734 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Archaeological Science journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jas Nature and provenance of the sandstone used for Bayon style sculptures produced during the reign of Jayavarman VII Federico Carò a,*, Janet G. Douglas b a Department of Scientific Research, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1000 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10028, United States b Department of Conservation and Scientific Research, Freer Gallery of Art/Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, United States article info abstract Article history: Under Jayavarman VII (1182/83-ca.1218 CE) the Khmer empire reached its apex, leaving a heritage of Received 13 June 2012 major construction works and unique artistic production. The stone materials of several sculptures Accepted 16 June 2012 produced under his reign were characterized and compared to possible geological sources in northern and eastern Cambodia. The data suggest that a specific type of sandstone, rich in volcanic detritus, was Keywords: deliberately selected and quarried from a Triassic sedimentary sequence exposed far from Angkor, the Petrography main political and economic center at that time. Volcanic grains Ó 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Sandstone Sculptures Bayon Angkor Cambodia 1. Introduction The provenance of this sandstone and the location of the workshop have been the subject of much speculation. Some Under the reign of Jayavarman VII (1182/83-ca.1218 CE) many scholars have placed the source of stone used for both architecture significant construction projects were undertaken, such as major and sculpture of Bayon style in Phnom Kulen (Kulen Mountains), or roads, stone bridges, hospitals and temples, which testify to a deep more generically among the sandstones belonging to the Khorat interaction with the local environment and knowledge of its series (Delvert, 1963; Woodward, 1980; Jessup and Zephir, 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • The State-Of-Play of Geochronology and Provenance in the Neoproterozoic Adelaide Rift Complex
    EGU2020-3184, updated on 02 Oct 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-3184 EGU General Assembly 2020 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. The State-of-play of geochronology and provenance in the Neoproterozoic Adelaide Rift Complex Jarred Lloyd1,3, Morgan Blades1, John Counts2, Alan Collins1, Kathryn Amos3, James Hall1, Stephen Hore4, Benjamin Wade5, Ashleigh Job1, Sameh Shahin1, and Matthew Drabsch1 1The University of Adelaide, Institute of Mineral and Energy Resources, Department of Earth Sciences, Australia ([email protected]) 2Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG), O’Brien Centre for Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland 3Australian School of Petroleum and Energy Resources, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia 4Geological Survey of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia 5Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia The Adelaide Rift Complex is a large sedimentary superbasin in South Australia that formed resultant of Rodinia’s breakup and subsequent evolution of the Australian passive margin of the Pacific basin. It holds a globally significant and exceptionally well-preserved Neoproterozoic–early Cambrian succession. Much work has been done over the last century describing the lithostratigraphy and sedimentology of this vast basin. The rift complex contains evidence for major changes in Earth’s systems, yet, the rocks are poorly dated, and the sediment provenance, and link with tectonic evolution, is remarkably poorly known. This work provides a centralised database of the currently available, and previously unpublished, detrital zircon geochronology for the Neoproterozoic of the Adelaide Rift Complex, highlighting where the available data is from, and the stratigraphic and spatial gaps in our knowledge.
    [Show full text]