Port Moresby Urban Development
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N E W G U I N E A R E S E A R C H B U L L E T I N MP \ \ UNIVERSfTY \ --- I') \ .-·""' ' '"·-· \ ..... \ --·�-\ ...".! �,... \ \ \ • I 1c::r. \ \ ,... \. ' ... ' '. - I . .... ..... ..... "' '·-· I ' . \II ' ' \ ' - ...... , . .... -- .... , 1\• \ ' \ I ' ' ' / ', \ . ' ' \ ' ' -·-·-·-TOWN BOUNDARY ' , I \ - ---ROAD J ' ....... MIGRANT SETTLEMENT ... ' VILLAGE Iii GEOG. DEPT., UPNG Map 1. Indigenous villages and settlements, Port Moresby, 1970 NEW GUINEA RESEARCH BULLETIN Number 37 PORT MORESBY URBAN DEVELOPMENT Economic and demographic forecasts by J.V. Langmore Indigenous housing in Port Moresby by N.D. Oram September 1970 Published by the New Guinea Research Unit, The Australian National University, P.O. Box 4, Canberra, A.C.T. and P.O. Box 1238, Boroko, Papua-New Guinea © Australian National University 1970 This work is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Inquiries should be made to the publisher Printed and manufactured in Australia by Allans Printers, Canberra Library of Congress Catalog Card No.70-138655 National Library of Australia card number and ISBN 0 85818 001 4 THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Research School of Pacific Studies New Guinea Research Unit Conn:nittee O. H. K. Spate, Chairman, Director of the School J. W. Davidson, Department of Pacific History A. L. Epstein, Department of Anthropology and Sociology E. K. Fisk, Department of Economics Marie Reay, Department of Anthropology and Sociology Marion W. Ward, New Guinea Research Unit Editor, New Guinea Research Bulletin Marion W. Ward Editorial assistant Sandra van Nuffel September 1970 Contents Preface xi Part I Economic and demographic forecasts - J.V. Langmore Chapter 1 Introduction 3 Chapter 2 Industrial development 7 Chapter 3 Population and employment 18 Chapter 4 Income 30 Part II Indigenous housing in Port Moresby - N. D. Oram Chapter 5 The pattern of settlement in Port Moresby 45 Chapter 6 Characteristics of the indigenous urban population 58 Chapter 7 The housing problem 71 Chapter 8 Future housing needs 81 Appendix Manpower classes 89 Bibliography 90 Index 93 Figures 1 Age structure of the indigenous population, Port Moresby, 1966 59 2 Age structure of the indigenous population by type of residential area, 1966 61 Tables 1. 1 Australian aid to Papua-New Guinea, 1960- 61 to 1969-70 4 vii viii 2.1 Gross Territory product: by industrial origin, 1960- 61 to 1965-66 7 2.2 Employment by industry, Port Moresby, June 1966 8 2.3 Structure of secondary industry, 19 68 9 2.4 Employment in Port Moresby, June 19 66 and 1968 10 2.5 Forecast of urban employment, Papua-New Guinea, 1973 11 2.6 Estimated employment by industry and race, Port Moresby, 1980 and 1990 17 3.1 Birthplaces of indigenous residents, 1966 26 3.2 Number of additional positions available to indigenes in the public sector due to localisation, 1966-90 28 3.3 Government employment of indigenes, Port Moresby, 1966-90 28 3.4 Wholly or mainly cash income group participation rates, 30 June 1966, Port Moresby 29 3.5 Estimated population by race, 1980 and 1990 29 4.1 Weekly wages paid to indigenous employees in Port Moresby, March 1966 33 4.2 Estimated indigenous and non-indigenous income, Port Moresby, 1980 and 1990 37 4.3 Workforce divided by manpower class, 1966 38 4.4 Estimated workforce by manpower class and race, 1980 and 1990 39 4.5 Average actual incomes of taxpayers, 1964-68 40 5.1 Indigenous and non-indigenous population according to urban region, Port Moresby, 1966 45 5.2 Indigenous population by main type of residential area, 1966 46 6.1 Birthplaces of indigenous male workers in Port Moresby, 1967 58 6.2 Percentage education levels of indigenous population by type of residential area, 196 6 64 6.3 Percentage of indigenous children aged 5-19 who had never attended school, 19 66 65 ix 6.4 Percentage of indigenous population by age and sex, having received or receiving some primary and secondary education, 1966 66 6.5 Percentage of male inhabitants aged 15 years and over, working in 'white collar' occupations and as domestic servants, 1966 67 8.1 Estimated requirements of different types of housing by 1980 and 1990 83 Maps 1 Indigenous villages and settlements, Port Moresby, 1970 Frontispiece 2 Native land areas in Port Moresby 49 Preface Early in 1969 the Administration of Papua-New Guinea commissioned two consultants, Maunsell & Partners and Alan M. Voorhees & Associates, to prepare a development plan for the capital, Port Moresby, which would broadly examine, and suggest ways to meet, the needs of the popu lation for the period up to 1990, with more detailed proposals for the years 1970- 80. As part of the plan, the two papers in this Bulletin were prepared for the consultants by September 1969. As only a few copies of the plan were printed it seemed desirable that these two papers should be made available to a wider public. Some amendments have been made to both papers, and the presentation has been altered considerably. The aim of the first paper, 'Economic and demographic forecasts', was to estimate the indigenous and non-indigenous population and work force for Port Moresby in 1980 and 1990 (with separate totals for each industry), and to stratify the workforce by income. The most important of the severe limitations to this task was the lack of reliable and relevant demographic, economic and social data. The various sources and assessments of their reliability are discussed in the paper. The forecasts could not have been attempted without the results of the 1966 Census which give a fairly accurate picture of the Port Moresby popula tion in 1966. At the time of the 1961 Census on non-indigenes the Department of Native Affairs and the New Guinea Research Unit conducted a count of the indigenous population of Port Moresby, and this made it possible to calculate trends of certain population characteristics during 1961-66. Frequently in exercises of this type several alterna tive calculations are made, and the directors of the project are given the responsibility of choosing the assumptions and growth rates they consider to be the most appropriate. They generally choose the middle estimate. Since these forecasts are required for a traffic prediction model and to estimate future housing needs, for which only one set of figures will be used, it seemed most appropriate to concentrate on most likely future trends rather than on fabricating alternatives. The aim of the second paper was to describe the present housing con ditions of the indigenous population and to forecast future housing needs. It is based on enquiries into different aspects of the develop ment of Port Moresby carried out since 19 62. Major social and developmental problems arising in Port Moresby, including the problem of housing, cannot be solved by studying them in isolation, and an examination of the interrelationships between social, economic and xi xii administrative factors is therefore required. The provision of low-cost housing is essentially an administrative problem, and it appears both that the administrative organisation is inadequate and that the activi ties of all government agencies should be more closely co-ordinated. The consultants presented their final report, the Port Moresby Urban Development Study, in January 1970. Information on this can be obtained from the Director, Department of Lands Surveys and Mines, Konedobu. We are particularly grateful to Professor R.G. Ward, Professor A.I. Clunies-Ross, G.E. Stoltz, Dr D.J. van de Kaa and C.L. Beltz who made comments or suggestions at various stages during the preparation of the papers. Dr R. Kent Wilson and Dr D.J. van de Kaa permitted the inclusion of previously unpublished data derived from their own research. We also appreciated the co-operation of the Project Staff, J.E. Womble, D.G. Leslie and R.A. Cochrane. Acknowledgment is also made of approval to publish this material given by Maunsell & Partners, Alan M. Voorhees & Associates and the Administration of Papua-New Guinea. N.D. Oram and J.V. Langmore Part I Economic and demographic forecasts J.V. Langmore Chapter 1 Introduction Port Moresby, as a national capital in a comparatively sparsely populated region, depends on government policy for its existence and growth. For example, 40 per cent of an employed workforce of 19,769 1 in Port Moresby in 1966 were in direct government employment. A con siderable part of the commercial and industrial activity in the private sector, which employs the other 60 per cent, consists of the supply of goods and services to public servants and contractors working on govern ment projects. The development of Port Moresby is therefore an outstanding example of one of the main characteristics of the Papua-New Guinea economy, the influence of the government. Total expenditure by the public sector accounted for 41 per cent of Gross Territory (Monetary Sector) Expenditure and 59 per cent of Gross Domestic Capital Formation in 1965-66. Therefore, government policy and the size of the national budget will be primary determinants of the future of Port Moresby. Port Moresby is also significant as the urban centre for an area with a substantial level of agricultural activity. Papuan farmers in the Central District had a total of 28, 100 acres planted with cash crops in 1968. Non-indigenous farmers in the District had 124 holdings, totalling 172,000 acres in 19 68. In the year ending June 1968, indi genous growers produced about 12,000 tons of truck crops, 1, 120 tons of copra and small quantities of other crops.