For E. Coli in the Old Hickory Lake Watershed (HUC 05130201) Macon, Smith, Sumner, Trousdale, and Wilson Counties, Tennessee
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TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL) for E. Coli in the Old Hickory Lake Watershed (HUC 05130201) Macon, Smith, Sumner, Trousdale, and Wilson Counties, Tennessee FINAL Prepared by: Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation Division of Water Pollution Control 6th Floor L & C Annex 401 Church Street Nashville, TN 37243-1534 Submitted March 19, 2008 Approved by EPA Region 4 – March 28, 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 SCOPE OF DOCUMENT ........................................................................................................... 1 3.0 WATERSHED DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................. 1 4.0 PROBLEM DEFINITION ............................................................................................................ 6 5.0 WATER QUALITY CRITERIA & TMDL TARGET ..................................................................... 7 6.0 WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND DEVIATION FROM TARGET ................................. 10 7.0 SOURCE ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................................ 13 7.1 Point Sources ........................................................................................................................... 13 7.2 Nonpoint Sources .................................................................................................................... 17 8.0 DEVELOPMENT OF TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOADS ....................................................... 22 8.1 Expression of TMDLs, WLAs, & LAs ....................................................................................... 22 8.2 Area Basis for TMDL Analysis ................................................................................................. 22 8.3 TMDL Analysis Methodology ................................................................................................... 23 8.4 Critical Conditions and Seasonal Variation .............................................................................. 23 8.5 Margin of Safety ....................................................................................................................... 24 8.6 Determination of TMDLs .......................................................................................................... 24 8.7 Determination of WLAs & LAs ................................................................................................. 24 9.0 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ...................................................................................................... 26 9.1 Application of Load Duration Curves for Implementation Planning .......................................... 26 9.2 Point Sources ........................................................................................................................... 28 9.3 Nonpoint Sources .................................................................................................................... 29 9.4 Additional Monitoring ............................................................................................................... 33 9.4.2 Source Identification ................................................................................................................ 34 9.5 Source Area Implementation Strategy ..................................................................................... 35 9.6 Evaluation of TMDL Implementation Effectiveness ................................................................. 41 10.0 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ....................................................................................................... 44 11.0 FURTHER INFORMATION ...................................................................................................... 45 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 46 ii APPENDICES ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Appendix Page A Land Use Distribution in the Old Hickory Lake Watershed A-1 B Water Quality Monitoring Data B-1 C Load Duration Curve Development and Determination of Daily Loading C-1 D Hydrodynamic Modeling Methodology D-1 E Source Area Implementation Strategy E-1 F Supplemental Load Duration Curve Analysis of E. Coli Data F-1 G Public Notice Announcement G-1 H Public Comments Received H-1 I Response to Public Comments I-1 iii LIST OF FIGURES ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Figure Page 1 Location of the Old Hickory Lake Watershed 3 2 Level IV Ecoregions in the Old Hickory Lake Watershed 4 3 Land Use Characteristics of the Old Hickory Lake Watershed 5 4 Waterbodies Impaired by E. coli (as documented on the Final 2006 303(d) List) 9 5 Water Quality Monitoring Stations in the Old Hickory Lake Watershed 12 6 NPDES Regulated Point Sources in and near Impaired Subwatersheds and Drainage Areas of the Old Hickory Lake Watershed 15 7 Land Use Area of Old Hickory Lake E. coli-Impaired Subwatersheds -- Drainage Areas Greater Than 10,000 Acres 20 8 Land Use Percent of Old Hickory Lake E. coli-Impaired Subwatersheds – Drainage Areas Greater Than 10,000 Acres 20 9 Land Use Area of Old Hickory Lake E. coli-Impaired Subwatersheds -- Drainage Areas Less Than 10,000 Acres 21 10 Land Use Percent of Old Hickory Lake E. coli-Impaired Subwatersheds – Drainage Areas Less Than 10,000 Acres 21 11 Five-Zone Flow Duration Curve for Clear Fork at RM28.9 27 12 Tennessee Department of Agriculture Best Management Practices located in the Old Hickory Lake Watershed 32 13 Oostanaula Creek TMDL implementation effectiveness (box and whisker plot) 42 14 Oostanaula Creek TMDL implementation effectiveness (LDC analysis) 42 15 Oostanaula Creek TMDL implementation effectiveness (LDC regression analysis) 43 C-1 Flow Duration Curve for Neal Branch at Mile 0.1 C-7 C-2 E. Coli Load Duration Curve for Neal Branch at Mile 0.1 C-7 D-1 Hydrologic Calibration: Stoners Creek near Hermitage, USGS 03430147 (WYs 1992-2001) D-4 D-2 10-Year Hydrologic Comparison: Stoners Creek near Hermitage, USGS 03430147 D-4 E-1 Flow Duration Curve for Sinking Creek at Mile 0.9 E-3 E-2 E. Coli Load Duration Curve for Sinking Creek at Mile 0.9 E-3 E-3 Flow Duration Curve for Neal Branch at Mile 0.1 E-6 E-4 E. Coli Load Duration Curve for Neal Branch at Mile 0.1 E-6 iv LIST OF FIGURES (cont’d) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Figure Page E-5 E. Coli Load Duration Curve for Johnson Branch at Mile 0.1 E-10 E-6 E. Coli Load Duration Curve for Spring Creek at Mile 19.2 E-10 E-7 E. Coli Load Duration Curve for Beech Log Creek at Mile 0.6 E-11 E-8 E. Coli Load Duration Curve for Round Lick Creek at Mile 18.7 E-11 E-9 E. Coli Load Duration Curve for Little Goose Creek at Mile 4.7 E-12 E-10 E. Coli Load Duration Curve for Little Goose Creek at Mile 7.5 E-12 F-1 E. Coli Load Duration Curve for Beech Log Creek at Mile 0.6 F-3 F-2 E. Coli Concentrations for Beech Log Creek at Mile 0.6 (2000-2005) F-3 F-3 E. Coli Concentrations for Beech Log Creek at Mile 0.6 and Measured Rainfall at Nashville Airport (08/00-01/01) F-4 F-4 E. Coli Concentrations for Beech Log Creek at Mile 0.6 and Measured Rainfall at Nashville Airport (09/04-06/05) F-4 F-5 E. Coli Load Duration Curve for Johnson Branch at Mile 0.1 F-5 F-6 E. Coli Concentrations for Johnson Branch at Mile 0.1 (07/04-07/05) F-6 F-7 E. Coli Concentrations for Johnson Branch at Mile 0.1 and Measured Rainfall at Nashville Airport (07/04-07/05) F-6 v LIST OF TABLES ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Table Page 1 MRLC Land Use Distribution – Old Hickory Lake Watershed 6 2 2006 Final 303(d) List for E. coli – Old Hickory Lake Watershed 8 3 Summary of TDEC Water Quality Monitoring Data 11 4 NPDES Permitted WWTFs in Impaired Subwatersheds or Drainage Areas 14 5 Livestock Distribution in the Old Hickory Lake Watershed 19 6 Estimated Population on Septic Systems in the Old Hickory Lake Watershed 19 7 Determination of Analysis Areas for TMDL Development 23 8 TMDLs, WLAs & LAs for Impaired Subwatersheds and Drainage Areas in the Old Hickory Lake Watershed 25 9 Source area types for waterbody drainage area analysis 36 10 Example Urban Area Management Practice/Hydrologic Flow Zone Considerations 37 11 Example Agricultural Management Practice/Hydrologic Flow Zone Considerations 38 A-1 MRLC Land Use Distribution of Old Hickory Lake Subwatersheds A-2 B-1 TDEC Water Quality Monitoring Data – Old Hickory Lake Subwatersheds B-2 C-1 Summary of TMDLs, WLAs, & LAs expressed as daily loads for Impaired Waterbodies in the Old Hickory Lake Watershed C-8 D-1 Hydrologic Calibration Summary: Stoners Creek near Hermitage (USGS 03430147) D-3 E-1 Load Duration Curve Summary for Implementation Strategies (Example: Sinking Creek Subwatershed, HUC-12 051302010107) E-4 E-2 Load Duration Curve Summary for Implementation Strategies (Example: Neal Branch Subwatershed, HUC-12 051302010201) E-7 E-3 Summary of Critical Conditions for Impaired Waterbodies in the Old Hickory Lake Watershed E-9 E-4 Calculated Load Reduction Based on Daily Loading – Johnson Branch – Mile 0.1 E-13 E-5 Calculated Load Reduction Based on Daily Loading – Spring Creek – Mile 19.2 E-14 vi LIST OF TABLES (cont’d) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Table Page E-6 Calculated Load Reduction Based on Daily Loading – Sinking Creek – Mile 0.9 E-15 E-7 Calculated