Assessment of the Quality of Drinking Water Sources with Reference To
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 08 | Aug-2015 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Assessment of the Quality of drinking water sources with reference to Physico-Chemical and Microbiological parameters in the villages of Venkayya-Vayyeru Canal area, W.G.Dt., A.P. India. B. Hemasundar1, G.Vijaya Raju2 and N.N.Pavan Kumar3 123 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, SASI Institute Of Engineering and Technology, Tadepalligudem, W.G.Dist, A.P. Email:[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Abstract: Drinking water is a basic requirement for life Clean drinking water is a basic human need. Each person and a determinant of standard of living. However, besides on earth at least requires 20-50 liters of clean fresh water government efforts, supply and demand side factors of a day. Polluted water is not just dirty-it is deadly. Some 1.8 both surface and ground water determine the level of million people die every year of diarrheal diseases like drinking water available to people. A Physico-chemical and Cholera. Tens of millions of others are seriously sickened of micro biological study in twenty four villages of by a host of water related ailments- many of which are 8 Venkayya-Vayyeru Canal area has been carried out to easily preventable . Efforts to prevent death from diarrhea assess the quality of drinking water sources. Water to reduce the burden of such diseases as Ascaris, samples were collected from Canal, Summer-storage tanks, Dracunculiasis, Hookworm, Shistosomiasis and Trachoma Treated drinking water and NTR sujala, NGO and R.O are doomed to failure unless people have access to safe waters available in those villages. The samples were drinking water. Besides all that has been said above, the analyzed for Turbidity, pH, TDS, EC, Hardness, Alkalinity, most important and dangerous problem faced by some DO, BOD, COD, Ammonia, Nitrites, Nitrates, Sodium, sections of population is pollution of water through Potassium, Chlorides, MPN, TFC, E.Coli etc., are measured industrial pollutants, leakage of sewerage pipes, mixing of as standard APHA methods. The resulted parameters were groundwater and drainage water in the areas where compared with the drinking water standards of WHO and shallow groundwater conditions exist particularly during BIS: 10500. Poor water quality problem has been observed rainy season. This mixing of drinking water in shallow in more number of villages. Inadequate resource bore wells and drainage (sewerage) water is common management and institutional systems seems to be major during rainy season in the areas located along major rivers causes for present problems. like Godavari and Krishna, in Canal command areas and Deltaic areas. Most of the villages located in such areas do not have underground drainage and toilets are Introduction: constructed with local pits. Lack of connectivity of pits and The most effective means of consistently ensuring the locations of final disposal in far off places causes mixing safety of a drinking-water supply is through the use of a of drinking water with sewerage flow. In such localities, comprehensive risk assessment and risk management particularly during rainy season, several diseases like approach that encompasses all steps in water supply from diarrhea, jaundice will affect the population. Priority 9 catchment to consumer .One should take proper should be given to schemes dealing with sanitation and managerial action to use and conserve water from water2. mountains, wells, rivers and also rain water for use in drinking, agriculture and industries (Rig-Veda). The resources of water on earth are limited and are reducing Study Area: every year. The United Nation has predicted that by the West Godavari is one of the 13 districts of Andhra Pradesh, next two decades there will be 17% more demand of water India. West Godavari district occupies an area compared to resources available. According to global study approximately 7700 square kilometers. It has 46 mandals; by International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), out of which 20 are in Upland and the rest in Deltaic the world is on a path towards rapidly deteriorating water region. The delta region is abundant with water sources quality in many countries. The first of its kind study and so agriculture and aquaculture and industries based indicates that up to 1 in 3 people will be exposed to a high on these two are thriving well in this region. The water risk of water pollution in 2050 ( from increased amounts samples are collected from 24 villages namely- of N&P) and up to 1 in 5people will be exposed to a high Muddapuram, Ravipadu, Pippara, Chintapalli, risk of water pollution reflected by increased levels of Jallikommara, Bhuvanapalli, Ganapavaram, Bavayyapalem, BOD6. Peddakapavaram, Chinakapavaram, Gummuluru, Undi, © 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 171 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 08 | Aug-2015 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Akiveedu, Kalisipudi, Cherukuvada, Ajjamuru, Ayi- with an average of 8.3 where as the standard value is in Bhimavaram, Cherukumilli, Juvvalapalem, between 6.5 to 8.5. In four places Ganapavaram, Elurupadu,Pathellameraka, Kalavapudi,Modi and Kalla. Bavayyapalem, Peddakapavaram and Chinakapavaram the pH values are slightly more than 8.5. In other 20 villages the values are within the range. Figure 1 .Villages Of Venkayya Vayyeru Canal Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): Area, West Godavari, A.P. TDS is composed mainly of Carbonates, Bicarbonates, Chlorides, Phosphates and Nitrates of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, manganese. In addition to that organic matter and other salts may also contribute to TDS. The TDS values vary from 130ppm to 840ppm with an average of 298.2ppm.The desirable range of TDS is between 150 to 500ppm. Although majority of the villages have the values within the range, in Kalavapudi, Prathellameraka and Elurupadu the TDS values are more than 500ppm.However the values are higher (even though within the range) in Gummuluru, Akiveedu, Juvvalapalem, Cherukumilli, Chinnakapavaram, Ayi-Bhimavaram etc., may be due to the back waters from the Bay of Bengal through Upputeru which is nearer to these villages. Electrical Conductivity (EC): The conductivity of water is an expression of its ability to conduct an electric current. As this property is related to the ionic content of the sample which is in turn a function of the dissolved (ionisable) solids concentration, the relevance of easily performed conductivity measurements is apparent. For many surface waters the following approximation will apply: Conductivity (μS/cm) x 2/3 = Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l). The TDS and EC values well obeyed this equation. Total Hardness (TH): Total hardness of water is characterized by content of Calcium and Magnesium salts5. It is the total of Calcium hardness and Magnesium hardness. Calcium Hardness: High levels may be beneficial and waters which are rich in Results and Discussion: Calcium are very palatable. This element is the most important and abundant in the human body and an Turbidity: Turbidity is the cloudiness of water caused by a adequate intake is essential for normal growth and health. variety of particles and is another key parameter in The maximum daily requirement is of the order of 1 - 2 drinking water analysis. It is also related to the content of grams and comes especially from dairy products. diseases causing organisms in water, which may come from soil runoff. The values vary from 0.6 to 14.4 with an average of 6.8 in canal water. pH: This is a measure of the intensity of the alkaline or acid condition of water. It is the way of expressing “Hydrogen ion concentration”. pH varies from 8.0 to 8.8 © 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 172 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 08 | Aug-2015 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Table 1: Physico-chemical and Biological analysis of 2.8 0.7 0.0 22.1 6.4 3.6 19.2 Venkayya-Vayyeru Canal water S. Village PH TDS EC TH TA 3.4 0.01 0.02 2.76 5.8 2.5 6.8 N 4.3 0.5 0.0 23.4 6.6 3.6 48.0 1. Muddapuram 8.1 120 180 75 92 5.7 0.5 0.0 21.3 6.6 3.6 22.4 2. Ravipadu 8.2 130 200 80 92 4.8 0.5 0.1 18.6 6.2 2.4 41.6 7.7 0.5 0.3 15.4 5.0 6.0 9.6 3. Pippara 8.5 140 200 130 124 9.0 0.6 0.0 7.8 5.6 6.0 19.2 4. Chintapalli 8.3 140 200 75 76 10.2 0.7 0.1 18.6 6.8 3.6 16.2 5. Jallikommara 8.2 200 300 95 96 11.2 0.3 0.0 9.4 7.8 1.4 3.2 6. Bhuvanapalli 8.3 210 310 125 100 3.1 0.8 0.7 8.8 7.4 2.4 5.6 7. Ganapavaram 8.8 230 320 105 156 11.2 0.5 0.1 4.5 5.8 4.2 9.0 8. Bavayyapalem 8.8 290 430 125 116 3.0 0.23 0.02 2.48 4.4 3.6 19.2 9. Peddakapavaram 8.6 240 350 60 120 12.1 0.6 0.0 4.2 5.2 4.6 11.5 1 Chinnakapavaram 8.6 320 470 140 128 8.5 0.5 0.1 3.9 5.4 2.4 8.2 0.