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Aguas Jurisdiccionales En El Mediterráneo Y El Mar Negro

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Aguas Jurisdiccionales En El Mediterráneo Y El Mar Negro DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE POLÍTICAS INTERIORES DEPARTAMENTO TEMÁTICO DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE POLÍTICAS INTERIORES P COLÍTI AS ESTRUCTURALES Y DE COHESIÓNB DEPARTAMENTO TEMÁTICO AgriculturaAgricultura y Desarrollo y Desarrollo Rural Rural P COLÍTI AS ESTRUCTURALES Y DE COHESIÓN B CulturaCultura y Educación y Educación Cometido Los departamentos temáticos constituyen unidades de análisis que prestan asesoramiento PescaPesca especializado a comités, delegaciones interparlamentarias y otros órganos parlamentarios. DesarrolloDesarrollo Regional Regional Áreas políticas Transporte y Turismo Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural Transporte y Turismo Cultura y Educación Pesca Desarrollo Regional Transporte y Turismo Documentos: Visite la web del Parlamento Europeo: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies CRÉDITOS DE LAS FOTOGRAFÍAS: iStock International Inc., Photodisk, Phovoir DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE POLÍTICAS INTERIORES DE LA UNIÓN DEPARTAMENTO TEMÁTICO B: POLÍTICAS ESTRUCTURALES Y DE COHESIÓN PESCA AGUAS JURISDICCIONALES EN EL MEDITERRÁNEO Y EL MAR NEGRO ESTUDIO Este documento ha sido solicitado por la Comisión de Pesca del Parlamento Europeo. AUTORES Prof. Juan Luis Suárez de Vivero EQUIPO TÉCNICO Sra. Inmaculada Martínez Alba Sr. Juan Manuel Martín Jiménez Sra. Concepción Jiménez Sánchez ADMINISTRADOR RESPONSABLE Sr. Jesús Iborra Martín Departamento Temático de Políticas Estructurales y de Cohesión Parlamento Europeo E-mail: [email protected] ASISTENTE EDITORIAL Sra. Virginija Kelmelyté VERSIONES LINGÜÍSTICAS Original: ES. Traducciones: DE, EN, FR, IT. ACERCA DEL EDITOR Para ponerse en contacto con el Departamento Temático o suscribirse a su boletín mensual, escriba a: [email protected] Manuscrito terminado en enero, febrero, marzo, abril, mayo, junio, julio, agosto, septiembre, octubre, noviembre, diciembre de 2009. Bruselas, © Parlamento Europeo, 2009 Este documento está disponible en la siguiente dirección de Internet: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies EXENCIÓN DE RESPONSABILIDAD Las opiniones que se expresan en este documento son exclusivamente responsabilidad de los autores y no reflejan necesariamente la posición oficial del Parlamento Europeo. Se autoriza la reproducción y traducción con fines no comerciales, a condición de que se indique la fuente, se informe previamente al editor y se le transmita un ejemplar. DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE POLÍTICAS INTERIORES DE LA UNIÓN DEPARTAMENTO TEMÁTICO B: POLÍTICAS ESTRUCTURALES Y DE COHESIÓN PESCA AGUAS JURISDICCIONALES EN EL MEDITERRÁNEO Y EL MAR NEGRO ESTUDIO Contenido: El mar Mediterráneo y el mar Negro por sus características geográficas son particularmente complejos desde el punto de vista de las jurisdicciones marítimas. El número de Estados y su posición relativa generan nuevas fronteras que repercuten en el acceso a la explotación de los recursos vivos tanto por parte de los Estados ribereños como terceros Estados. El presente estudio describe y analiza la estructura jurisdiccional de estas dos cuencas y las posibles repercusiones sobre la actividad pesquera. IP/B/PECH/IC/2009-087 Diciembre 2009 PE 431.602 ES Aguas jurisdiccionales en el Mediterráneo y el mar Negro ÍNDICE LISTADO DE ABREVIATURAS 5 LISTADO DE ABREVIATURAS 5 LISTADO DE FIGURAS 8 LISTADO DE GRÁFICOS 8 LISTADO DE TABLAS 9 LISTADO DE MAPAS 11 RESUMEN 13 1. Introducción 15 2. Marco geográfico, político y jurisdiccional 17 2.1. Geografía física 17 2.2. Geografía política 20 2.3. Marco jurisdiccional 25 2.4. La Unión Europea y su presencia en el mar Mediterráneo y mar Negro 33 3. Las aguas jurisdiccionales: génesis y evolución 37 3.1. Perspectiva histórica 42 3.2. Adhesión de los estados costeros mediterráneos y del mar Negro a los principales convenios y acuerdos internacionales sobre derecho del mar y la pesca 44 3.3. Modalidades de jurisdicciones estatales 46 3.4. Fronteras marítimas 71 3.5. Consecuencia de las delimitaciones entre las distintas jurisdicciones 74 3.6. Efectos territoriales derivados de la extensión de la soberanía de los estados sobre el espacio marítimo 76 3.7. Las jurisdicciones de los Estados miembros de la UE en el Mediterráneo y el mar Negro 77 3.8. Efectos sobre la pesca 79 4. Conflictos jurisdiccionales y actividad pesquera 81 4.1. Mediterráneo occidental 81 4.2. Mediterráneo central 85 4.3. Mediterráneo oriental 96 4.4. Conflictos en el mar Negro 100 4.5. Otras situaciones jurisdiccionales 101 5. Aguas jurisdiccionales y gobernanza en el Mediterráneo y el mar Negro 105 5.1. Marco internacional 106 5.2. Marco regional 108 5.3. Marco subregional 110 5.4. La Unión Europea 111 5.5. Otros ámbitos de la gobernanza 114 Bibliografía 121 Anexo I AGUAS JURISDICCIONALES. LEGISLACIÓN NACIONAL 125 Anexo II. PRINCIPALES CONVENIOS INTERNACIONALES DEL MEDITERRÁNEO Y MAR NEGRO 139 3 Departamento Temático B: Políticas estructurales y de cohesión 4 Aguas jurisdiccionales en el Mediterráneo y el mar Negro LISTADO DE ABREVIATURAS CONCEPTOS JURISDICCIONALES AI Aguas interiores AJ Aguas jurisdiccionales JI Jurisdicción indeterminada LBN Línea de Base Normal LBR Línea de Base Recta MT Mar territorial PC Plataforma Continental ZEE Zona económica exclusiva ZP Zona de protección de pesca ZPE Zona de protección ecológica ZP-ZPE Zona de protección de pesca/ecológica PAISES AG Argelia AL Albania BK Bosnia-Herzegovina BU Bulgaria CY Chipre EG Egipto FR Francia GG Georgia GR Grecia GZ Gaza HR Croacia IS Israel IT Italia LE Líbano LY Libia MN Mónaco MO Marruecos MT Malta MW Montenegro RO Rumanía RS Rusia SI Eslovenia SP España SY Siria TS Túnez TU Turquía UK Reino Unido UP Ucrania 5 Departamento Temático B: Políticas estructurales y de cohesión OTRAS ABREVIATURAS ACCOBAMS Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and contiguous Atlantic area AEM Agencia Europea del Medio Ambiente BARCOM Convenio de Barcelona para la Proteccion del Medio Marino y la Zona Costera del Mediterráneo BP Barcelona Process BSEC Black Sea Economic Cooperation CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CGPM Comisión General de Pesca del Mediterráneo CEMN Cooperación Económica del mar Negro CICAA Comisión Internacional para la Conservación del Atún Atlántico CIESM Comisión Internacional para la Exploración del Mar Mediterráneo CMS Convention on Migratory Species CNUDM Convención de Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar DOALOS Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea EASES European Atlantic Social-Ecological System EEA European Economic Area EUROMED Euro-Mediterranean Partnership FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GFCM General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean HW Protocol on the Prevention of Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea by Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal ICCAT International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas ICES International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ICZM Integrated Coastal Zone Management IHO International Hydrographic Organization IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature LBS Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution from Land-based Sources LME Large Marine Ecosystems LOS Law of the Sea MAP Mediterranean Action Plan MARPOL International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships MEDSPA Actual programa LIFE MEOW Marine Ecorregions of the World PARIS MOU Paris Memorando of Understanding on Ports State Control MED MOU Paris Memorando of Understanding on Ports State Control in the Mediterranean Region MSFD Marine Strategy Framework Directive 6 Aguas jurisdiccionales en el Mediterráneo y el mar Negro NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration OMI Organización Marítima Internacional PEV Política Europea de Vecindad PIB Producto Interior Bruto PNUMA Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente RACs Regional Activities Centres RAMOGE The RAMOGE Agreement is the instrument adopted by the Governments of France, Monaco and Italy to ensure that the coastal areas of the Provence- Alpes-Côte d'Azur Region, the Principality of Monaco and the Ligurian Region should constitute a pilot zone for preventing and combating pollution of the marine environment. SALVAGE International Convention on Salvage SFS United Nation Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 december 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks SOLAS International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea SPA Protocol concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean SUA Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation UCH Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage UFM Union for the Mediterranean UNCLOS United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea UNEP United Nation Environment Program WFDE Waterfront Directive Ecorregions 7 Departamento Temático B: Políticas estructurales y de cohesión LISTADO DE FIGURAS Figura 1: Conceptos jurisdiccionales 27 Figura 2: Fronteras teóricas y acordadas en el Mediterráneo 71 Figura 3: Fronteras teóricas y acordadas en el mar Negro 74 LISTADO DE GRÁFICOS Gráfico 1: Jurisdicciones marítimas en el Mediterráneo 34 Gráfico 2: Jurisdicciones marítimas en el mar Negro 35 Gráfico 3: Jurisdicciones marítimas en el Mediterráneo y mar Negro (km2) 38 Grafico 4: Número de acuerdos. Mar territorial 42 Grafico 5: Número de acuerdos. Líneas de base 43 Grafico 6: Número de acuerdos. ZEE 43 Grafico 7: Número de acuerdos. Zona de protección pesquera
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