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A Regional Geophysical Study of the Broken Hill Block, N.S.W., Àustràlia

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A Regional Geophysical Study of the Broken Hill Block, N.S.W., Àustràlia t -", oùttt l lVw QI\c JHnitrereitg cf .Aleluile pr:purtrnant of pccnomic (6eologg A REGIONAL GEOPHYSICAL STUDY OF THE BROKEN HILL BLOCK, N.S.W., ÀUSTRÀLIA David J. Isles B.Sc. (Hons) Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Economic GeologYr Faculty of Science The University of Adelaide' 1983 BROK EN¡ [.{ILL REüIOI{ (coun of BþIP} o[oun lmuge of Bf{R aetrornagnehie dmhn 0 füil STATEMENT To the best of the writerrs knowJ-edge and belief, and except where reference is made herein, this thesis contains no copy or paraphrase of previously published material nor any material that has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any University. DAVID ISLES JuIy 1983 Ac knowledgements This project was carried out by the author under the supervision of Professor D.M. Boyd. Professor Boydrs enthusiasm for the project and his astute guidance are gratefully acknowledged. Mr. J.I. Mclntyre and Dr. D. Atchuta Rao contributeci greatly to this work with fruitful- discussions, suggestions and encouragement. The Broken HiIr Mining Managerrs Association supported the field work associated with the project. The Bureau of Mineral Resources and the NSW Geological Survey contributed digital data and unpuþIished maps. The Broken HilI Proprietary Company assisted in the preparation of the text and diagrams. I wish to thank Dr. P.I. Brooker, ME. R.J. Smith and Mr. P. G. Harman for support and encouragement during critical- stages of the project; Ms. Sharon Prof eres and I{r. Evert BJ-eys f or drafting and photographic work respectively; Mr. Koya Suto and many other colleagues for assistance in the field and Miss Lyn Wagner and Mj.ss Lee-Anne Bartley for typing the text. I wÍsh to especialJ-y acknowledge the patience and support of my wife, Sue, and my famrly. ABSTRÀCT The Broken Hill- Block is a complex and abundantly minerarized Proterozoic metamorphic province, which Íncrudes the worrd class Broken HilÌ silver-Lead-zinc mine. As part of a cooperative geological mapping and interpretation effort, the Regional Geophysical Study, presenbed herein, was carrÍed out based Iargely on BIvtR airborne magnetic surveys and supported with broacily spaced gravity data. The aeromagnetic data defines quite clear cut boundaries of the Broken HiIl Block which \^/ere previously poorly mapped and poorly understood. An extensive magnetic complex, apparent at the margins of the Block, is interpreted to be basal to the main Broken Hill sequence and distinct from it. This basal complex can be traced from the aeromagnetic data over much of the unexposed areas southeast and west of Broken Hilr, downgrading these areas as possibre hosts to Broken Hitr type mineralization. Within the main BH seguence, discrete, linear magnetic anomalres predorninate and these have been grouped into four separate geographic domains, baseci on anomary ampritude and, to a lesser degree, strike trends. using these subdivisions, ancl the work of the NSW geological survey, which provided a comprehensive geological interpretation and which demonstrated that the main linear magnetic horizons were due to stratigraphically bound magnetite bearing horizons, a generalized stratigraphic interpretation of the magnetic data was effected. Magnetic horizons were found to be concentrated within the same stratigraphic interval- in all domains but the abundance of magnetite within this stratigraphic interval was founo to vary considerabry between the domains. since the magnetite is, in al-most alI cases, related to chemically precipitaEed sediments, the variation in rnagnetite abundance can be interpreted as reflecting original sedimentary environment differences between the domains. Whil-e no geological subdivisions correlating with the domains have been recognised to date, it is notable that the Broken HiII lode horizon, a chemical sediment genetically related to the magnetite rich horizons, follows a similar pattern of distribution and abundance to that of the magnetic horizons. On this basis the "Centra1 Domain", which is clearly the zone where magnetite is most abundant in the Broken Hill sequence, is interpreted as representing the depositional environment where Broken Hill type mineralization is most likely to occur. Implementation of "traditions" interpretation techniques, such as anomaly source rnapping and modelling, in selected areas demonstrated that reliable information on structural continuity and gross dip could be readily extracted from the airborne magnetic data. Although the available gravity data contributes Iittle to the detailed interpretation, it reinforces the broad magnet ic subdivisions. In particular, the correl-ation of extensive gravity lows with the "BasaL Magnetic Complex" supports the interpretation of the Iatter as a distinct entity, separate from the main Broken Hill sequence. Regional gravity highs in the southern parts of the study area and around Broken HilI itseLf cannot be readily explained in terms of observed geology. It is suggested that their sources are deep seated (although their depths are poorly resorved in the existing data) and that an understanding of their nature may contribute greatry to the understanding of the tectonic framework of western NSW. TABLE OF'CONTENTS CHAPTER Page I INTRODUCTION I 1.1 Broken Hili I L.2 The MMA Project I 1.3 The Geological Problem 2 1.4 Aims 5 I.5 Scale and Philosophy of Study 5 1.6 Authorrs Note 6 2 THE GEOLOGY OF THE BROKEN HILL BLOCK 7 2.L Regionai Setting of the Willyama Complex 7 2.I.L Adelaidean 7 2.L.2 Palaeozoic/Mesozoic 8 2.L.3 Regional Gravity Data 9 2. L.4 The Subdj.visions of the WilJ-yama Complex 10 2 2 The Broken Hill Block 11 2 2 .1 Rock Units and Rock Types 1I 2 2 .2 Stratigraphy I6 2 2 .3 Metamorphism and Geochronology 2L 2 2 .4 Structure 22 3 MAGNETIC AND GRAVTTY DATA IN THE BROKEN HILL REGION 26 3. I Magnetic Data 26 3. 2 Gravity Data 2B 3. 3 Major Results from Previous Geophysicai- Work 30 4 THE MAGNETIC SUtsDIVISIONS OF THE BROKEN HILL BLOCK 37 4.l_ Definition of Magnetic Zones 37 4. l-. r Broken HiIl Magnetic Zone 37 4. L.2 Redan Magnetic Zone 3B 4. L.3 Peak HiII Magnetic Zone 39 4.I.4 Mundr Mundi Magnetic Zone (MMZ) 39 4.1.5 Torrowangee Magnetic Zone (TMZ) 40 4. L.6 Euriowie Magnetic Zone (EUZ) 40 4. L.7 Eaglehawk Magnetic Zone (EHZ) 4T 4.2 Magnetic Zone Boundaries 4L 4.2.L Northeastern Boundar Íes 4T 4.2.2 Western Boundaries 43 4.2.3 BHZ/RMZ Boundary 48 4.2.4 IF.JI{Z/EHZ Boundary - "The Redan Fault" 50 5 THE BROKEN HILL MAGNETIC ZONE 5l 5.I Central Domain 5I 5.I.I Sundown - Broken Hil-l - Rockwel-I Area 52 5.L.2 Stephens Creek-14t. VuIcan Area 55 5. 1.3 ParnelI-StirJ-ing Vale Area 57 5.2 Mayflower Zone 60 5.3 Northern Domain 6I 5.4 Southern Domain 62 5.5 Northwestern Domain 63 5.6 Generalized Magnetic Stratigraphy 66 5.7 Significance of Domains 67 5.8 Nature of Environments 75 5.9 Summary 78 6 STRUCTURAL INFORMATION FROM THE AEROMAGNETIC DATA 79 6.1 Resolution of the BMR (1975) Detailed Survey 80 6.2 Magnetic Horizon Mapping Procedure 8I 6.3 Modelling Procedures 83 6.4 The Parnell-StirIing Val-e area 86 6.5 The Razorback Area B9 6.6 General Comments 90 7 GRAVITY DATA AND THE REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION 92 7.r Major Gravity Subdivisions 92 7. l_. I The Barrier Gravity Zone 92 7 .r.2 The Frome Gravity Zone 93 7. l_.3 The Bancannia and Menindee Troughs 94 7.L.4 The Scopes-Eaglehawk Zone 94 7.I.5 The Wonaminta Ridge 95 7.2 Gravity Subdivisions of the Barrier Gravity 95 7.2.L Willlyama - Adelaidean Contrasts 95 7 .2.2 Correlations with Magnetic Subdivisions 96 7 .2.3 The Broken Hill Gravity High 97 7 .2.4 Post WiJ-lyama Intrusions 99 -t.3 The Oakdale - Eaglehawk Area 99 7.3.1 The Redan Magnetic Zone 99 7 .3.2 The Redan Fau1t 10r 7 .3.3 The Eaglehawk Magnetic Zone r01 7.3.4 ModeIs r03 7 .3.5 Discussion r03 8 CONCLUDING DISCUSSION 105 Appendices I Survey Procedures II Compilation of Bouguer Gravity Map III MagneÈic Data IV Magnetic Data Processing and Modelling V Principaj- Facts f or all Gra'r¡ity Stations avaiLable in digital form A Regional GeophysÍcal- study of tne Broken HiIt Block Errata contents section 7.2.L "Willyama: Page Line 2 10 " tr adit ionaI" 26 26 tt surveys t' t's 4L I9 ince " 44 I "d ist incÈ ive " 46 I "0.5 g/cc" 4B 24 ttalsot' 53 IB "magnet ic " 53 22 "fig . 5.2u 53 II " abr uptly" B2 32 rrinr' (not "isu) B4 33 "val id ity" 85 I5 "hor izons" 95 7.2 I 'rWilIyama" 96 6 "co inc ides " 103 2 "exisÈs " r03 II "0.1 g/cc" 103 27 I'outcropping" I05 6 "abundance" LIST OF FIGURES Frontispiece Colour Composite of available Aeromagnetic Data FIGURE I.1 Location of Study Area 2 I Generalized Geology of the Broken HiIl Region 2 2 Gravity Map of the Broken Hill Region (After BMR, r97 6) 2 3 Interpreted Compositions of ùletamorphic Suites (After Stevens, L979) 2.4 Zones of Progracle Metamorphism (After PhIIJ-ips I977 and Binns 1964) '2 .5 Large Scale Structures in the Broken HiLi BIock 2.6 Illustration of Structural Complexity (after Majoribanks et a1' l98l- 3.1 Aeromagnetic Surveys in the Broken HiIl- Region 3.2 Locations of Ground Magnetic Traverses 3.3 Distribution of Regional Gravity Stations 3.4 Gravity Response of the Broken HiIl Mine Area (After Pecanek, 1975) 3.5 Gravity Response of Metamorphic Suites 4.
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