A Study on Coconut Production and Marketing in Tamil Nadu with Special Reference to Pollachi South Block
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A STUDY ON COCONUT PRODUCTION AND MARKETING IN TAMIL NADU WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO POLLACHI SOUTH BLOCK Thesis submitted to Bharathidasan University for the award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics By A.MUBARAK ALI (Ref. No. 037127/Ph.D2/ Economics /PT/April 2009) Under the Guidance of Dr.P.N.P. MOHAMED SAHAPUTHEEN P.G. & RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS JAMAL MOHAMED COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) (NATIONALLY ACCREDITED AT FIVE STAR STATUS BY NAAC) TIRUCHIRAPPALLI, TAMIL NADU, INDIA – 620 020 JUNE 2012 P.G and Research Department of Economics Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli – 620 020. Dr.P.N.P Mohamed Sahaputheen, Office : 0091-431-23312235 Reader, Head & Research Advisor Resi. : 0091-431-242155 Mobile : +919443272683 e-mail : [email protected] CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitle “A Study on Coconut Production and Marketing in Tamil Nadu with Special Reference to Pollachi South Block” submitted by A. Mubarak Ali, (Ref. No. 037127/Ph.D2 / Eco/ PT/April 2009) is a bonafide record of research work done by him under my guidance in the Department of Economics, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli and that the thesis has not previously formed the basis for the award to the candidate of any degree or any other similar title. The thesis is the outcome of personal research work done by candidate under my overall supervision. Station : Tiruchirappalli (Dr. P.N.P Mohamed Sahaputheen) Date : Declaration I hereby declare that the thesis entitle, “A Study on Coconut Production and Marketing in Tamil Nadu with Special Reference to Pollachi South Block” submitted by me for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy is the record of work carried out by me under the guidance and supervision of Dr. P.N.P Mohamed Sahaputheen, Research Advisor, Department of Economics, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli and had not formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, associateship, fellowship, titles in this or any other university and other similar institution of higher learning. Place: Tiruchirappalli (A.Mubarak Ali) Date : Acknowledgement First, I thank God Almighty for having bestowed me to complete their research work successfully. It is my indebtness to express my sincere gratitude to my respected guide Dr. P.N.P Mohamed Sahaputheen, Reader, Head & Research Advisor, P.G and Research Department of Economics, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, for his concrete encouragement and support to complete the thesis in the present form. I am thankful to the Dr.R.Kadar Mydeen, M.com. M.Phil., Ph.D., Principal and the Secretary, Management committee for having granted me permission to do Ph.D. (Part-Time) programme in Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli. I especially thank the members of my Doctoral Committee Dr. G.Gnana Sekaren, Associate Professor, Department of Economics, St. Joseph‟s College, Tiruchirappalli and Dr.V.Mathiazhahan, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics. National College, Tiruchirappalli, for their co-operation all through my Ph.D work. They gave enough time at crucial junctures in spite of their busy schedule. With great pleasure, I place on record my deep sense of gratitude to Dr.A. Saleem Batcha, M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli. I am very fortunate to have a humanitarian and an eminent academician as my counselor who helped a lot, particularly for applying statistical tools. I have benefited much from intellectual advice provided by him. I wish to express my sincere thanks to all the faculty members of the Department of Economics, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, for their encouragement and support during the course of my research. I hearty thanks to Prof. M.Abdul Hakeem M.A., M.Phil. Associate professor, (Retd.) Department of English, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli. I express my acknowledgement to the management of Tirukoilur College of Arts and Science, Principal and Staff for their co-operation in completing my thesis as fast as possible. No word would be sufficient to express my deep gratitude to S. Visu, M.C.A., M.Phil.,Lecturer, Tirukkoilur College of Arts and Science,Tirukkoilur, A.Prabu, M.C.A., M.Phil., Lecturer, Tirukkoilur College of Arts and Science, Tirukkoilur, K.Ravindar, M.Sc., M.Phil.,Lecturer, Tirukkoilur College of Arts and Science, Tirukkoilur, A.Antony Paulraj, M.Sc., M.Phil., Lecturer, Tirukkoilur College of Arts and Science, Tirukkoilur, K.Loganathan M.Sc.,M.Phil.,Lecturer, Tirukkoilur college of Arts and Science and Mr. S. Suresh, M.C.A.,M.Phil.,B.Ed., CSC Computer Education, Tirukkoilur, for their timely help and valuable suggestions for the successful completion of this work. My sincere gratitude and thanks to all the respondents in the village of Pollachi South Block, for their valuable information and co- operation. I convey my hearty thanks to My Parents, A.K. Abusali and A.Mumthaj, My wife M. Sakila Banu B.Com., My sons Mr. M.Mohamed Sameer, Mr. M. Shahid Rahman and Mr. M. Mohamed Safique, My brother Mr. A. Kizzer Mohamed B.B.M., My sister A. Vahetha Banu, My Father-in- law Mr. A.Kadar Mydeen and My brother –in –laws Mr. K.Abdul wahab and K. Umar Mukthar B.E., for their moral support to complete my research work successfully. (A.MUBARAK ALI) LIST OF TABLES S. NO. List of Tables PAGE NO. 2.1 Performance of Coconut Varieties 52 3.1 Top Ten Coconut Producing Countries in the World 96 3.2 Shares of States in Total Coconut Production in India 100 3.3 State – Wise Area, Production and Productivity of Coconut in 102 India 3.4 India’s Coconut Exports 104 3.5 Coconut Cultivation in Tamil Nadu 120 3.6 Coir Industry in Tamil Nadu 122 3.7 Country – Wise Export of Fresh Coconut From India 130 5.1 Age-Wise Distribution of Respondents 145 5.2 Sex-Wise Distribution of Respondents 146 5.3 Educational Status of the Respondents 147 5.4 Nature of Land Holding of Respondents 148 5.5 Size of Land Holding of Respondents 149 5.6 Area Under Coconut Cultivated as Reported by the 150 Respondents 5.7 Nature of the Soil as Reported by the Respondents 151 5.8 Mode of Irrigation Used as Reported by the Respondents 152 5.9 Varieties of Coconut Palm Cultivated as Reported by the 153 Respondents 5.10 Number of Coconut Palm Cultivated as Reported by the 154 Respondents 5.11 Age of Coconut Palm as Reported by the Respondents 155 5.12 Fertilizers Used as Reported by the Respondents 156 5.13 Number of Times Apply Fertilizers as Reported by the 157 Respondents 5.14 Frequency of Irrigation to Coconut Palm as Reported by the 158 Respondents 5.15 Number of Times Harvest (Per Year) as Reported by the 159 Respondents 5.16 Purpose of Harvest as Reported by the Respondents 160 5.17 Type of Harvest Practiced as Reported by the Respondents 162 5.18 Problems as Reported by the Respondents in Connection with 163 the production/ Harvest 5.19 Productivity of Coconut Palm(Per Palm/Per Year) as 165 Reported by the Respondents 5.20 Causes of High Yield/Productivity of Coconut Palm as 166 Reported by the Respondents 5.21 Nature of Diseases/Pests as Reported by the Respondents 167 5.22 Number of Coconut Palm Affected in the Coconut Grove as 168 Reported by the Respondents (Per Acre) 5.23 Number of Coconut Nuts Affected (Per 1000 Nuts / Per 169 Harvest) as Reported by the Respondents 5.24 Protection Measures Taken as Reported by the Respondents 170 5.25 Insurance Status as Reported by the Respondents 172 5.26 Nature Subsidies Availed as Reported by the Respondents 173 5.27 Price Intelligence Available as Reported by the Respondents 174 5.28 Channels of Marketing (Buyer) of Coconut Products as 176 Reported by the Respondents 5.29 Marketing (Buyer) of Matured Coconut as Reported by the 177 Respondents 5.30 Marketing (Buyer) of Tender Coconut as Reported by the 179 Respondents 5.31 Marketing (Buyer) of Copra as Reported by the Respondents 180 5.32 Marketing (Buyer) of Jaggery as Reported by the 181 Respondents 5.33 Marketing (Buyer) of Coconut Husk as Reported by the 182 Respondents 5.34 Expenditure on Land Maintenance (Per Acre/Per Year) as 183 Reported by the Respondents(in Rupees) 5.35 Expenditure on Wages (Per Acre/Per Year) as Reported by 184 the Respondents(in Rupees) 5.36 Expenditure on Fertilizers (Per Acre / Per Year) as Reported 186 by the Respondents(in Rupees) 5.37 Expenditure on Controlling Diseases (Per Acre / Per Year) as 188 Reported by the Respondents (in Rupees) 5.38 Expenditure on Transport (Per Acre / Per Year) as Reported 189 by the Respondents(in Rupees) 5.39 Expenditure on Marketing (Per Acre / Per Year) as Reported 191 by the Respondents(in Rupees) 5.40 Expenditure on Insurance (Per Acre / Per Year) as Reported 192 by the Respondents (in Rupees) 5.41 Income from Matured Coconut Producers Earned by the 193 Respondent (in Rupees) (Per Acre/Per Year) 5.42 Income From Tender Coconut Producers Earned as Reported by 194 the Respondents (in Rupees) (Per Acre/Per Year) 5.43 Income From Copra Producers Earned as Reported by the 195 Respondents (in Rupees) (Per Acre/Per Year) 5.44 Income From Jaggery Producers Earned as Reported by the 196 Respondents (in Rupees) (Per Acre/Per Year) 5.45 Average Expenditure on Various Coconut Cultivators(in Rupees) 199 5.46 Average Profit of Various Channels of Marketing(in Rupees) 201 5.47 ANOVA Table 201 LIST OF FIGURES S.NO. TITLE OF FIGURES PAGE NO. Age- Wise Distribution of Respondents 5.1 145a Sex -Wise Distribution of Respondents 5.2 146a Educational Status of the Respondents 147a 5.3 Nature of Land Holding of Respondents 148a 5.4 Size of Land Holding